1000 resultados para Semântica Cognitiva
Resumo:
A indústria do turismo caracteriza-se pela sua heterogeneidade e pelo grande volume de transacções realizadas on-line. Cada vez mais os pequenos operadores turísticos optam por desenvolver os seus pequenos sistemas de reservas, para não terem de estar submetidos ao pagamento de comissões às entidades que gerem os grandes sistemas de informação turística. Devido a este facto, têm surgido um grande número de novas fontes de informação turística na Internet. A proliferação de informação turística torna complexo o planeamento das férias por parte do turista. A implementação de sistemas de integração de informação turística torna-se uma necessidade urgente. Ao mesmo tempo que ajudam o turista no planeamento das férias, também permitem aos operadores implementarem novas estratégias de marketing. Uma destas novas estratégias de marketing passa pela implementação do conceito de “Dynamic Packaging”. O “Dynamic Packaging” permite ao turista, ou ao agente turístico, a construção de pacotes que incluem produtos turísticos escolhidos por este sem qualquer limitação. Aos operadores turísticos, permite a criação de regras de negócio sobre a constituição de um pacote. As regras são depois aplicadas dinamicamente à medida que os pacotes são definidos. A arquitectura SEED define a implementação de um sistema de integração de informação turística. Pretende também disponibilizar a base para a implementação de sistemas que suportem o “Dynamic Packaging”. A integração da informação é realizada através da utilização das tecnologias associadas à Web Semântica. A implementação do “Dynamic Packaging” é suportada pela utilização de motores de inferência que permitem a definição e interpretação de regras semânticas.
Resumo:
O meu encontro literário com Vergílio Ferreira deu-se há cerca de seis ou sete anos, quando resolvi comprar e ler Cartas a Sandra, romance que como o nome indica é escrito como se de uma compilação de cartas se tratasse e que foi deixado incompleto e editado postumamente. Esta edição póstuma é da responsabilidade da herdeira (esposa do autor) e do Círculo de Leitores. Inicialmente, confesso, fui seduzida pelo título, mas depois, a leitura da obra deixou uma vontade sôfrega de querer saber mais sobre a escrita vergiliana. Nas disciplinas de literatura da minha licenciatura, pouco ou nada se tratou sobre Vergílio Ferreira mas, apesar disso, encetei algumas pesquisas e leituras que me foram despertando, cada vez mais, o interesse e a predilecção pelas obras deste autor. Mais tarde, já no Curso de Mestrado, ponderei a possibilidade de uma abordagem ao romance em nome da terra e sobre o qual tinha conhecimento da existência de alguns trabalhos, na sua maioria, ao nível da análise literária e/ou estilística. Com uma apetência natural para a área da linguística, considerei com carinho a hipótese de elaborar uma Dissertação de Mestrado que se aproximasse mais do campo da interpretação e análise linguísticas, nomeadamente do valor do verbo Ser na escrita vergiliana e, em particular, no romance-problema em jeito de carta. Consciente de que a tarefa não iria ser fácil, que teria, necessariamente, que envolver a leitura e releitura (nalguns casos de modo transversal) de todo um conjunto de produções, quer do autor, quer dos que ao seu estudo se dedicaram, quer ainda de obras de carácter filosófico e existencialista, foi com agrado que comecei a minha pesquisa e, a posteriori, a selecção dos materiais que julguei pertinentes para a prossecução do objectivo que me tinha proposto. Por conseguinte, tenho que agradecer a todas as pessoas que me ajudaram, de uma ou de outra forma, em especial ao Professor Doutor João Malaca Casteleiro, pelo facto de ter aceite o meu pedido de orientação da presente Dissertação, pela sua disponibilidade e paciência, pela cedência de alguns materiais, pelos seus comentários sábios e experientes e, acima de tudo, pela sua sabedoria na matéria e pelo interesse demonstrado quanto ao tema, o que se traduz, ao que julgo, naquilo que se entende, verdadeiramente, por orientação de uma Dissertação de Mestrado. Agradeço também aos colegas do curso que me motivaram, em particular à Judite e à Natália, que tiveram a coragem de assumir um compromisso de amizade, pelo facto de me ouvirem, questionarem e, principalmente criticarem e encorajarem aquando das nossas discussões sobre este meu trabalho. Por último, não poderia deixar de referir e agradecer igualmente a simpatia com que fui recebida pela Dona Augusta e pelo senhor professor José Rodrigues, na Vila Josephine1, morada de férias de Vergílio Ferreira, em Melo, e onde foram escritos muitos dos seus trabalhos (nas férias grandes, com uma caneta de nanquim virada ao contrário, para conseguir uma caligrafia mais fina e apurada, e num sofá cor-de-rosa-velho, ao pé da janela, com uma tábua nos joelhos a servir de escritório, o cinzeiro do lado esquerdo2). Gostaria ainda de agradecer a sua pronta e sábia ajuda, por terem partilhado comigo detalhes sobre o autor e que não vêm nos livros, sendo o Professor, ele próprio, um livro aberto no que se refere ao seu cunhado e amigo Vergílio, aos seus trabalhos, à sua vontade de valorizar um escritor que lhe foi tão próximo... Agradeço-lhe ainda o privilégio de me ter permitido trabalhar um pouco no escritório do autor. Esse momento proporcionou-me mais uma de muitas alegrias breves de que tem sido constituída a minha também breve existência, e a consciencialização para o facto de que o meu caminho ainda fica muito longe e, fazendo uso de palavras de Vergílio Ferreira: “A estrada é larga e segura porque foi construída apenas pela experiência dos homens. Não percas mais os teus passos pela areia movediça e estéril…”. Procurarei, pois, seguir estes e outros sábios conselhos, à medida que desenvolver este trabalho.
Resumo:
REGIS, Josiana Florencio Vieira. et al. Ergonomia cognitiva do trabalho: um estudo baseado na gestão do conhecimento e no capital intelectual. IN: SIMPOSIO DE ENGENHARIA DE PRODUÇAO, 15., 2008, Sao Paulo. Anais eletronicos... Sao Paulo: UNESP, 2008. TRabalho oral. Disponivel em: http://www.simpep.feb.unesp.br/anais_simpep.php?e=2. Acesso em: 4.set.2010.
Resumo:
PURPOSE: Stroke is a high-incidence cerebrovascular disease with elevated morbidity that results in impairments such as functional disabilities. This study aimed to investigate the functional evolution of individuals in the first six months post-stroke. METHOD: Longitudinal study with 42 stroke patients. The functional independence measure (FIM) and The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used by multidisciplinary staff 3 times in each participant; the first application was at admission to rehabilitation and the others three and six months later. RESULTS: Sample predominantly female (57%), married (52%), mean age 65.26 ±10.72 years, elementary schooling level (43%), ischemic stroke (91%), and right cerebral hemisphere (74%). Motor FIM scores and NIHSS scale showed improvement in the 3 evaluations, with significant p-value (<0.001). There was a strong relation between motor FIM evolution and NIHSS evolution (r = - 0.69 p-value< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that functional evolution at 6 months post-stroke was significant and the smaller the evolution of clinical impairment in these patients, the larger the evolution of their functional independence. The study is important because it allows a more appropriate therapeutic planning according with functional evolution in stroke rehabilitation
Resumo:
Although several studies, have shown differences in cognitive performance between men and women, it not yet known whether these differences occur in tasks involving free association of words (WA). Studies across the sleep-wake cycle (SWC) suggest that rapid eye movement sleep (REM) favors semantic flexibility, in comparison with pre-sleep waking (Pre-WK), slow-wave sleep (SWS) and post-sleep waking (Post-WK). The present work has two aims: (1) to evaluate the semantic distances of word pairs produced by AP, comparing men and women, (2) to evaluate semantic distance in word pairs produced by free association across the SWC in young adults of both sexes. To achieve aim (1), we applied a task of WA in 68 adult volunteers during waking (52 women and 16 men). The WA task consisted of writing the first word that came to mind after viewing another word offered as a stimulus (root Word). To achieve aim (2), we performed polysomnography to identify specific stages of the SWC. The experimental subjects were then awakened (if they were asleep) and were immediately given a WA task. The task was administered to 2 groups of 10 subjects each (G1 and G2). G1 subjects were stimulated with the same set of root words after waking from various states of SWC, while G2 subjects received sets of different root words at each state of the SWC. In the absence of a Portuguese corpus suitable for the measurement of semantic distances, the words collected in our experiments were translated to English, and semantically quantified within a systematic and representative corpus of that language (Wordnet). This procedure removed the polysemies typical of Portuguese, but preserved the semantic macrostructure common to both languages. During waking, we found that semantic distances are significantly lower in WA produced by women, in comparison with the distances observed in men. Through the SWC, there were no statistically significant differences in G1. In G2 women, we detected a significant increase of semantic distances upon being awakened from SWS. In contrast, G2 men showed a significant increase in semantic distances upon being awakened from REM. The results of the first experiment are consistent with the notion that women have a more concrete reasoning than men. The results of the second experiment indicate that men awakened from REM present more flexibility in word association than when being awakened from other states. In contrast, women showed more flexible word association after being awakened from SWS, in compared with other states. The results indicate that the cognitive flexibility attributed to different states of the SWC shows gender dependency
Resumo:
With the rapid growth of databases of various types (text, multimedia, etc..), There exist a need to propose methods for ordering, access and retrieve data in a simple and fast way. The images databases, in addition to these needs, require a representation of the images so that the semantic content characteristics are considered. Accordingly, several proposals such as the textual annotations based retrieval has been made. In the annotations approach, the recovery is based on the comparison between the textual description that a user can make of images and descriptions of the images stored in database. Among its drawbacks, it is noted that the textual description is very dependent on the observer, in addition to the computational effort required to describe all the images in database. Another approach is the content based image retrieval - CBIR, where each image is represented by low-level features such as: color, shape, texture, etc. In this sense, the results in the area of CBIR has been very promising. However, the representation of the images semantic by low-level features is an open problem. New algorithms for the extraction of features as well as new methods of indexing have been proposed in the literature. However, these algorithms become increasingly complex. So, doing an analysis, it is natural to ask whether there is a relationship between semantics and low-level features extracted in an image? and if there is a relationship, which descriptors better represent the semantic? which leads us to a new question: how to use descriptors to represent the content of the images?. The work presented in this thesis, proposes a method to analyze the relationship between low-level descriptors and semantics in an attempt to answer the questions before. Still, it was observed that there are three possibilities of indexing images: Using composed characteristic vectors, using parallel and independent index structures (for each descriptor or set of them) and using characteristic vectors sorted in sequential order. Thus, the first two forms have been widely studied and applied in literature, but there were no records of the third way has even been explored. So this thesis also proposes to index using a sequential structure of descriptors and also the order of these descriptors should be based on the relationship that exists between each descriptor and semantics of the users. Finally, the proposed index in this thesis revealed better than the traditional approachs and yet, was showed experimentally that the order in this sequence is important and there is a direct relationship between this order and the relationship of low-level descriptors with the semantics of the users
Resumo:
This present work has as objective to analyze the interpretation of the syntactic and semantic meaning performed by third graders in the nominal groups (NGs) with attributive adjectives in the English language in a text of the final exam in the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) discipline. The corpus is made up of 30 exams of two classes from a third grade institution of the biomedical area, corresponding to the basic and advanced levels of the second term in 2006. The text has 24 NGs of different lexical content, a total of 27 NGs in the whole text summing up to 810 analyzed occurrences. The analysis is carried out at the morphologic, syntactic and semantic levels using as theoretical background the traditional and functional grammars (QUIRK et al, 1985; CELSE-MURCIA et al, 1998; TUCKER, 1998), in their semantic aspects, the Semantics (FRAWLEY, 1992) and the Cognitive Linguistics (TAYLOR, 2002). We concluded that the main difficulties were due to the lack of vocabulary and to the use of mother tongue strategies instead of using the top-down strategies for reading a text in English to compensate this gap. We also observed that even when the vocabulary was known, there were difficulties in establishing the semantic and syntactic relations between modifier and noun head. We suggested improvements for the teaching of reading English texts at the third grade grounded in the obtained results such as a more comprehensive study of the several different morphologic and syntactic structures of the NGs with premodifiers and their semantic consequences, an approach of the morphologic, syntactic and semantic aspects of the NGs and the use of both top-down and bottom-up strategies when reading a NG in the English language
Resumo:
Este estudio pretende dilucidar las motivaciones que llevan a los lectores del romance Grande Sertão: Veredas a la categorización de ciertas construcciones gramaticales que se encuentran en la obra como proverbiales. Para ello, recurren a la investigación de los procesos cognitivos implicados en la configuración del patrón discursivo proverbio, teniendo como soporte teórico a la Lingüística Cognitiva. En este empeño, nos ancoramos en las nociones de construcciones corporeizadas, simulación mental, frecuencia, patrón discursivo y en la expresión idiomática. Suponemos que los proverbios constituyen un patrón discursivo cristalizado a partir de la recurrencia de uso y, en virtud de eso, indagamos: ¿Qué mecanismos cognitivos son activados por los lectores en el proceso de categorización de las expresiones dichas proverbiales? Motivados por la situación problema presentada, formulamos algunos experimentos con la intención de aclarar las cuestiones investigadas y concluimos que los lectores recurren a constituciones construccionales subyacentes a los proverbios conocidos a través de las interacciones realizadas en su entorno sociocultural, para dar cuenta de la semántica de construcciones inéditas. En ese proceso, los esquemas y frames se activan a través de simulaciones mentales instanciadas por experiencias corporales y culturales, decisivas para la concretización de los procesos de las construcciones proverbiales
Resumo:
Introdução: The scales of cognitive screening are important tools for early detection of dementia, creating the possibility of developing measures to slow this process and assist in the management of the disease. Objective: To validate the Leganés Cognitive Test (Prueba Cognitive de Leganés) (PCL) for cognitive screening in low educated elderly Brazilians. Methods: The study sample was composed of 59 elderly residents from the city of Santa Cruz, Brazil with low schooling levels. Reliability was analyzed with a 2-day interval between assessments, and concurrent validity was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: According to the PCL, the prevalence of dementia was 11.8%. The scale items showed a moderate to strong correlation between domains (p <0.01), and inter-rater reliability exhibited ICC = 0.81, 95% CI (0.72-0.88). Factor analysis resulted in two factors: memory and orientation. Interscale agreement was considered poor (k = - 0.02), supporting the hypothesis of an educational impact on final MMSE scores. Conclusion: The results suggest that PCL has acceptable levels of reliability for use in low educated elderly Brazilians
Resumo:
Objectives: to translate and assess the psychometric properties of the Brazilian short-form of the Mobility Assessment Tool (MAT-sf) in Brazilians community elderly. Methds: the 12 items MAT-sf went through the process of translation and back translation into Portuguese of the Brazil, considering the semantic and cultural adaptation. In a sample of 150 aged 65-74 years living in the community, the instrument's psychometric properties were evaluated by analysis of convergent and construct validity and test-retest reliability. The main outcomes measures used for validation included in the battery of tests of physical ability, self-repor measures of functional limitations, health, depression, cognitive and sex. The test-retest reliability of the instrument was assessed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), 40 subjects were reassessed after an interval of 14 days of assessment. Results: the concurrent validity for the MAT-sf was evidenced by significant correlations with SPPB (r = 0,53), number of functional limitations (r = -0,62) and depressive symptoms (r = -0,45). The construct validity of the instrument was measured by gradual and significant increase of the MAT-sf scores with high levels of physical performance and with positive self-reported health, also found that MAT-sf scores were statistically differents according to sex. The variation in MAT-sf scores (R2 = 0,41) was explained by SPPB, number of limitations for activities of daily life and depressive symptoms. High values for test-retest reliability was evidencend by ICC = 0,94, 95% CI = 0,90 0,97. Conclusions: the Brazilian version of the short-form of the Mobility Assessment Tool has values of validity and reliability to ensure its use in elderly populations living in communities