Effects of bovine somatotropin administration on growth, physiological, and reproductive responses of replacement beef heifers

This experiment compared growth, body composition, plasma IGF-I and leptin, and reproductive development of beef heifers receiving or not recombinant bovine ST (BST) beginning after weaning until the first breeding season. Fifty Angus × Hereford heifers (initial BW = 219 ± 2 kg; initial age = 208 ± 2 d), weaned at approximately 6 mo of age, were assigned to the experiment (d 0 to 210). On d 0, heifers were ranked by initial BW and age and assigned to 1) treatment with BST or 2) saline control. Heifers assigned to the BST treatment received subcutaneous (s.c.) injections containing 250 mg of sometribove zinc whereas control heifers received a 5-mL s.c. injection of 0.9% saline every 14 d. Treatments were initiated on d 14 and last administered on d 196. Heifers were maintained on separate pastures harvested for hay the previous summer according to treatment and received grass and alfalfa hay at a rate to provide a daily amount of 7.0 and 1.0 kg of DM per heifer, respectively. Heifer shrunk BW was collected on d 1 and 211 for heifer ADG calculation. Blood samples were collected weekly from d 0 to 210 for determination of plasma progesterone to estimate puberty attainment as well as plasma concentrations of IGF-I and leptin in selected samples. On d 0, 63, 133, and 189, heifers were evaluated for intramuscular marbling, LM depth, and backfat thickness via real-time ultrasonography. No treatment effects were detected (P = 0.27) for heifer ADG (0.49 vs. 0.51 kg/d for control and BST heifers, respectively; SEM = 0.02). Mean backfat thickness was lesser (P < 0.01) in BST heifers compared with control cohorts (3.56 vs. 3.92 mm, respectively; SEM = 0.08). Heifers receiving BST had greater plasma IGF-I concentrations compared with control cohorts 7 d after treatment administration (treatment × day interaction; P < 0.01). Mean plasma leptin concentrations were lesser (P = 0.05) in BST heifers compared with control cohorts (1.82 vs. 2.03 ng/mL, respectively; SEM = 0.07). Onset of puberty was hastened in BST heifers compared with control cohorts (treatment x day interaction; P = 0.04). In summary, a greater proportion of BST heifers reached puberty during the experiment compared with control cohorts, despite lesser plasma leptin concentrations, backfat thickness, and similar ADG. Hence, circulating IGF-I was positively associated with hastened puberty attainment independently of growth rate, circulating leptin concentrations, and body fat content of replacement beef heifers. © 2013 American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.

Broiler breeder feeding programs and trace minerals on maternal antibody transfer and broiler humoral immune response

Breeder feed restriction may negatively affect broiler progeny immunity. Sources of trace minerals (TM) with higher bioavailability in breeder diets have been reported to enhance humoral and cellular immunity in broiler progeny. An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of breeder feeding programs and TM dietary sources on maternal antibody transfer and humoral immune response of progeny to a live vaccine against Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Cobb 500 breeders were fed according to 2 feed allocation programs, sigmoid late fast and sigmoid late slow, from 14 to 29 wk of age. From 56 to 62 wk of age, breeders were fed with either inorganic TM or an organic source (OTM) to replace 30% of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Progeny broilers were vaccinated intraocularly with La Sota NDV vaccine at 7 d of age. Blood samples were collected at hatching, 4, and 14 d postvaccination. Serum antibody levels against NDV were assessed by ELISA and cytokine expression by real time PCR. At hatching, late slow breeder progeny fed diets with 30% OTM had higher antibody titers as compared with progeny of breeders fed 100% inorganic TM. Similar results were observed 2 wk postvaccination. Breeder feeding programs and TM sources affected the expression level of IL-4 in NDV vaccinated broiler progeny. It was concluded that breeder feeding programs influenced humoral immune response to NDV vaccine in the broiler progeny, and 30% OTM may increase these responses. © 2013 Poultry Science Association, Inc.

Desenvolvimento de uma sobremesa probiótica mista de tofu e extrato hidrossolúvel de soja fermentado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do uso de Lactobacillus casei como cultura adjunta na qualidade tecnológica de queijo prato com reduzido teor de gordura

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Análises técnica e energética da secagem combinada no processamento de casulo do bicho-da-seda de Bombyx Mori L

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Caracterização do gene ERG11 envolvido na resistência de Cryptococcus neoformans e Cryptococcus gatti as drogas azólicas e identificação de novos alvos a partir de produtos naturais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Bioecologia do percevejo bronzeado Thaumastocoris peregrinus carpintero & dellapé (hemiptera: thaumastocoridae) em eucalipto e prospecção de inimigos naturais

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização e controle de colletotrichum spp. em seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis)

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Alterações testiculaes no diabetes aloxânico no rato: estudo morfométrico e ultraestrutural dos túbulos seminíferos

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Protocolos e durações de adaptação às dietas com alta inclusão de concentrados para bovinos Nelore confinados

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Estoques e fluxos de carbono em plantações florestais jovens de Acacia mangium e Schizolobium parahyba var. Amazonicum na Amazônia Oriental

Plantações florestais são consideradas como alternativas de uso da terra para mitigação dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas, devido ao potencial de sequestro de carbono em espécies arbóreas. No entanto, há poucas informações sobre estoques e fluxos de carbono em espécies comumente usadas em plantações florestais, sobretudo na Amazônia. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o estoque de carbono na fitomassa e o efluxo de dióxido de carbono do solo em plantios de Acacia mangium Willd e Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum em diferentes espaçamentos. O estudo foi conduzido em Dom Eliseu, Pará, cujo clima apresenta temperatura média anual em torno de 25 ºC e precipitação anual de 2250 a 2500 mm; o solo predominante é Latossolo amarelo distrófico típico A moderado textura muito argilosa. Neste estudo foram selecionadas duas espécies (A. mangium e S. parahyba) em dois espaçamentos (4,0 m x 2,0 m e 4,0 m x 3,0 m), com duas repetições, totalizando 4 tratamentos e 8 parcelas, estudadas por um período de um ano, dos 2,5 aos 3,5 anos de idade. As parcelas mediram 48 m x 60 m. Mediram-se altura total, diâmetro à altura do peito, fluxo de CO₂ do solo, e estimou-se o estoque de carbono na fitomassa acima do nível do solo. O efluxo de CO₂ do solo nos plantios de A. mangium tiveram uma média global de 5,61 ± 1,30 Mg C ha^-1 ano^-1, e, em S. parahyba, a média global foi 7,07 ± 1,50 Mg C ha^-1 ano^-1. O acúmulo anual de carbono na fitomassa acima do solo nos plantios de A. mangium foi 16,41 ± 1,16 e 14,03 ± 0,82 Mg C ha^-1 ano^-1, no 4,0 x 2,0 m e 4,0 x 3,0 m, respectivamente. Em S. parahyba o acúmulo anual global foi 8,93 ± 1,87 Mg C ha^-1 ano^-1. O plantio de A. mangium acumulou mais carbono na fitomassa acima do solo em relação a S. parahyba, com efluxos anuais de CO₂ menores em relação ao plantio de S. parahyba em ambos espaçamentos. Dessa forma, plantios de A. mangium, no espaçamento 4,0 x 2,0 m, são recomendados para projetos de sequestro de carbono. Entre os espaçamentos de plantio testados para S. parahyba, 4,0 x 3,0 m seria recomendado devido a mesma eficiência no sequestro de carbono em relação a 4,0 x 2,0 m, porém com menor requerimento de mudas. A continuidade no monitoramento nessas plantações florestais é fundamental para que conclusões mais definitivas sejam feitas a respeito da dinâmica do carbono.

A new flavonoid derivative from leaves of Oxandra Sessiliflora R. E. Fries

A fração em acetato de etila (EtOAc) obtida a partir da partição do extrato de etanol (EtOH) das folhas de O. sessiliflora R. E. Fries (Annonaceae) foi submetida a diversos procedimentos cromatográficos, incluindo cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), o que resultou no isolamento dos flavonóides: quercetina-3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosídeo (1), inédito na literatura, canferol-3-O-α-L-ramnopiranosil-(1→4)-β-D-glucopiranosídeo (2), rutina (3) e canferol-3-O-rutinosídeo (4). As estruturas foram definidas através da análise dos espectros de ressonância magnética nuclear (NMR) de ¹H e de 13C (1D e 2D) e espectrometria de massas.

Crescimento de Brachiaria plantaginea e Raphanus raphanistrum em convivência com híbridos de milho submetidos a períodos de controle das plantas daninhas

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of corn hybrid cultivation and weed control periods on the population and growth of the weeds B. plantaginea and R. raphanistrum. The trial was set at Universidade Estadual the São Paulo (UNESP), Botucatu Campus, São Paulo - Brazil. A completely randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme with four corn hybrids (C701, DINA170, XL678, and C125) and four manual weed control periods [a. 15 days after emergence (DAE); b. 15 and 30 DAE; c. 15, 30 and 45 DAE, and d. weedy]. The hybrids DINA170 and C125 significantly decreased the density of B. plantaginea. The hybrids C701, DINA170 and XL678 affected the growth of the plants, but they did not affect the emergence of new plants of R. raphanistrum. Hand-hoeing at 15 DAE decreased the dry matter weight of the weeds B. lantaginea and R. raphanistrum by 93.1%, 95.4% and 89.2%, respectively, at harvest of the four hybrids.

Germination of Roystonea borinquena OF Cook (Arecaceae) Seeds

This work aimed to study the effect of the temperature on the seed germination and to describe the morphology and germination process of disseminules (seeds with stucked endocarp) of R. borinquena species. The fruits were harvested and had their pulp (exocarp and mesocarp) removed and the disseminules were shade dried. The experimental design was entirely randomized and six treatments were performed (temperature conditions: constant at 25, 30 and 35 degrees C; alternated at 25-35 and 20-30 degrees C; and room temperature) with four replications with 25 disseminules per plot, placed in plastic boxes (gerbox) containing vermiculite. The germination rate and germination speed index were calculated, and the data were submitted to the variance analysis, and the means compared by the Tukey test. For the morphological studies, the external and internal sides of the disseminules, the embryo and the representative germination stages were sketched. The samples were fixed in FAA (formalin - acetic acid - ethyl alcohol). It was concluded that the highest germination rate and faster germination were at the constant temperature of 35 degrees C and alternated of 25-35 degrees C. The seeds are albuminous, with a hard endosperm that takes almost the entire interior of the disseminules; the embryo is lateral, peripheral and poorly differentiated; the germination is adjacent.

Use of organic acids and competitive exclusion product as an alternative to antibiotic as a growth promoter in the raising of commercial turkeys

Processo FAPESP: 10/20655-3