1000 resultados para Qualidade da água : Sapucaia, Arroio (RS)
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In extensive animal husbandry, natural or artificial ponds allow direct access of cattle to water but result in degradation of water quality and in increased health risks. Under such circumstances eutrophication occurs and consequently algal bloom, among them toxigenic cyanobacteria. The present study aimed to report the occurrence of cyanobacteria in the drinking water of cattle and to describe their physical and chemical parameters, as pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen. Nineteen samples of natural ponds or water troughs formed predominantly as result of rainfall from six farms located in the Southeast and Midwest regions of Brazil were analyzed for the presence of cyanobacteria, and pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen was measured. Microcystis and/or Merismopedia were detected in two ponds; one of them was covered with intense flowering. The values of pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen in 19 collections were pH 7.2-9.7, 31-34ºC and 7.8-30mg/l respectively. Also non-pathogenic algae of several genera were detected besides the occurrence or not of cianogenics. Under these conditions, the common practices of drinking water supply for extensively raised cattle and the possibilities of eutrophication and cyanobacterial growth bring potential risks for animal health.
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Pós-graduação em Biometria - IBB
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In order to enable the reuse of the large surplus volume of petroleum produced water for irrigation of crops inedible, the quality evaluation of this water is very important. This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diffusive gradient in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile Cu (II), Mn (II) and Zn (II) in petroleum produced water destined to reuse in agriculture. Samples were collected at the exit of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (after separation oil/water and flotation) of a Petrobrás onshore production region. Basically, the laboratory experiments with DGT devices involved the evaluation of the behavior of the main variables of the technique for determination of analytes in the samples (diffusion coefficients, immersion time, fractionation of organic and inorganic species, and performance of diffusion gels with different porosities, among others). Also, experiments were conducted based on the solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol with Chelex- 100 resin using previously established protocols to support the study. During the project the possibility of in situ immersions in water treatment plants was evaluated. The DGT technique presented satisfactory results for determination of Mn in produced water, and can be used for in situ determinations. However, the results obtained for Cu and Zn show the need of additional studies
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The purpose of this work was the inlay’s characterization from the water supply networks of Rio Claro-SP city; as well analyze the influence of network’s aging in the actual system. To do this, some samples of inlays were collected and made chemistry analysis and X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometry. The history of the source water quality was also analyzed, to make possible to known the origins of the inlays. To evaluate the performance of the network, some different scenarios have been simulated, varying the resistance coefficient of the water supply networks of Rio Claro-SP. The characterization results showed that there are basically oxide and hydroxide of iron (magnetite and goethite) and quartz in the inlays, which are materials of high hardness. The hydraulic simulations indicated that the simulated scenarios had a variation of ~2000% in terms of loss of energy
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The aim of the present work is to investigate a simplified rainwater treatment strategy for nonpotable use. For this, there were simulated in laboratory scale the treatment conditions of a system that employs Corn Starch as a coagulant in cyclic filtration (from 1 to 5 filtration cycles). A commercial Corn Starch in different dosages was used (0,1; 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5; 7,0; 7,5; 8,0; 8,5 e 9,0 mg/L). The NBR 15527/07 recommended parameters were monitored on the inflow and outflow and compared to different first flushes (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5mm). The obtained results indicate that the 6.0mg/L dosage presented the best results (removal efficiency of 86% of turbidity; 88% of apparent color and absent of total and faecal coliform residuals). However, it was not possible to prove the filtration cycles benefit, in laboratory scale, because for some Corn Starch dosages the water did not present better quality when increasing the number of cycles.
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Aquatic ecosystems are suffering many impacts caused by human activities resulting from the activities occurring around them. With technological progress observed in recent years, this environment has received large amounts of chemicals from industries, agriculture and urban area that affect the aquatic biota. Among these sources of contamination, the oil industry has contributed to the pollution of aquatic environments with both effluents as produced water well as oil spills and their derivatives having toxicity to various organisms. With all the environmental issues has increased concern about water quality and has been used ecotoxicological tests with aquatic organisms to ecosystems to assess the toxicity of chemicals present in the water. In this context the microcrustacea Daphnia similis stands out as a freshwater organism very representative of the aquatic fauna of rivers and high sensitivity to environmental impacts. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the lethal toxicity of crude oil and produced water on this microcrustacea. The results showed that the microcrustacea presented high sensitivity to contaminants primarily crude oil. There was also the influence of environmental variables pH and temperature on the survival of organisms
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Este projeto investigou alternativa de tratamento simplificada para fins não potáveis para aplicação em escala industrial. É neste contexto que esta pesquisa alojou sua importância – nas possíveis estratégias de tratamento, em especial na utilização de sistema contendo filtro de pressão e no uso do amido natural de milho como coagulante, auxiliando no processo de filtração, visando aumento da segurança sanitária e da qualidade da água de chuva disponibilizada para aproveitamento. A hipótese do trabalho foi investigar a possibilidade da diminuição ou até eliminação do volume de água descartada na operação de abstração da primeira chuva. Para tal, foram realizados ensaios em escala de laboratório com uma precipitação coletada nos dias 10/03/08 e 03/04/2008. Os resultados da estratégia de tratamento delineada foram comparados com os obtidos pela estratégia convencional com descarte de 1,5 mm da primeira chuva, o que corresponde a um volume de 558 L de água de chuva. Utilizou-se a dosagem de 6,0 mg/L para fim de comparação com a água bruta, sem nenhum tratamento, e com a água somente filtrada. Os resultados não confirmaram a hipótese de que o tratamento com amido natural permite eliminar a etapa de abstração da primeira chuva, porém, vale ressaltar que a qualidade da água coletada já era muito boa previamente ao tratamento. Merece destaque o fato de que a amostra de precipitação submetida aos ensaios apresentados foi coletada em período de freqüente precipitação e, embora tenha sido observado o interstício de 3 dias consecutivos de estiagem a qualidade da água de chuva coletada pode ser considerada boa (34UH de cor aparente; 8,84 UT de turbidez e 238,2 (NMP) de coliformes totais e 3 (NMP) de coliformes termotolerantes). Acredita-se que, para o caso de precipitações ocorridas após longo período de estiagem, a necessidade de tratamento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Microbiologia Aplicada) - IBRC
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The aim of this study was to investigate the performance of an experimental rainwater treatment system for non-potable uses. Without the first-flush discharge it was expected to control the quality of captured rainwater and to minimize the rainwater by-pass caused by the first-flush strategy. A full-scale direct filtration unit was operated and a solution of natural corn starch was used as the primary coagulant. The color, turbidity e coliform efficiencies of the unit was analyzed based on filtration loads and the net water production was estimated. The results pointed out turbidity removal up to 70.8% and color removal up to 61.0%. The backwash of the filtering system was completed in 3 minutes at the rate of 1,440 m3/m2day with consumption of treated water from 0.5% to 2.2%, based on the potentially harvesting.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Agronegócio e Desenvolvimento - Tupã
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Fundamental a vida e ao desenvolvimento de qualquer sociedade, a água é um bem precioso e limitado que está se esgotando e sendo motivo de preocupação mundial. O desperdício, a distribuição desigual, o aumento do consumo e a degradação da qualidade da água são motivos que a tornaram escassa e trouxeram à tona a importância do planejamento e gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos. Frente a esta situação, este trabalho buscou avaliar a disponibilidade hídrica quantitativa e qualitativa da bacia hidrográfica do rio Sapucaí-Mirim, SP. Através da aplicação do simulador hidrológico MIKE BASIN, foi analisado o desempenho do sistema de recursos hídricos, o conflito existente entre os usos múltiplos e a concentração dos parâmetros OD e DBO nas águas do rio que recebe efluentes domésticos, muitos deles sem nenhum tratamento. Apesar da quantidade de água ser suficiente para atender às demandas, o estudo mostra que a geração de energia elétrica está comprometida e a água está se esgotando qualitativamente, evidenciando a necessidade e urgência de se implantar estações de tratamento de esgoto.