Relatório de Estágio de Intervenção na Comunidade

Este relatório consiste numa breve descrição e análise do trabalho realizado durante o estágio de Intervenção Comunitária no âmbito do primeiro Mestrado em Enfermagem com Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária. Os seus objectivos consistem na descrição das actividades realizadas, na análise e reflexão acerca dessas actividades. Com base no planeamento em saúde, implementámos um projecto de actividades de promoção de um envelhecimento saudável, para fazer face ao fenómeno do envelhecimento demográfico segundo as necessidades identificadas no Diagnóstico de Situação, que realizámos na comunidade onde exercemos a nossa actividade profissional. As actividades realizadas durante o nosso estágio consistiram, essencialmente, na realização de sessões de educação para a saúde e na organização de uma consulta de enfermagem no âmbito da saúde do idoso e respectiva aplicação no sistema de informação SAPE utilizando linguagem da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem, seguindo as orientações teóricas do Modelo de Cuidados de Virgínia Henderson. Os resultados obtidos permitem compreender que os idosos ainda não estão familiarizados com o conceito de Envelhecimento Activo, mas dão extrema importância à saúde nesta fase da vida. Em relação à Enfermagem Comunitária ainda existe uma lacuna na área dos registos informatizados a partir dos quais podem ser obtidos indicadores que mostram os ganhos em saúde sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem

Repeated Readings to Promote Fluency for Students with Intellectual Disabilities

Reading fluency is a skill that’s difficult for many students to acquire. However, research suggests that consistently implementing the Repeated Reading intervention can help students increase fluency and comprehension. The effect of this strategy when used to promote reading fluency in secondary students with severe intellectual disabilities has yet to be investigated. My research will examine the effect of the Repeated Reading intervention on the fluency level of students with intellectual disabilities in a public high school.

Association entre l’environnement social en milieu de garde et les comportements liés à l’apport alimentaire et l'activité physique des enfants de trois à cinq ans

Résumé : Problématique : Puisque les enfants de moins de cinq ans passent environ 29 heures par semaine dans les milieux de garde et qu’ils apprennent en observant et en imitant les autres, les éducateurs et les pairs peuvent être des modèles importants dans l’apprentissage de saines habitudes de vie. Les objectifs étaient d’analyser les associations entre 1) les pratiques des éducateurs et l’apport alimentaire, 2) l’activité physique (AP) des enfants de trois à cinq ans dans les milieux de garde, 3) le degré d’influence des pairs sur l’apport alimentaire, et 4) l’AP des enfants de trois à cinq ans. Méthodes : Les associations entre les pratiques des éducateurs et les comportements liés à l’apport alimentaire et l’AP des enfants ont été étudiées à l’aide d’une étude transversale, menée auprès de 723 enfants de trois à cinq ans de 51 milieux de garde en Saskatchewan et au Nouveau-Brunswick à l’automne 2013 et 2014. Le degré d’influence des pairs sur l’apport alimentaire et l’AP des enfants a été étudié à l’aide d’une étude longitudinale, menée auprès de 238 enfants de trois à cinq ans au début et à la fin des années scolaires 2013-2014 et 2014-2015. L’AP des enfants a été mesurée à l’aide d’accéléromètres, et l’apport alimentaire a été mesuré à l’aide d’une analyse de consommation par pesée et photographiée. Une grille d’observation de l’environnement a permis de mesurer les pratiques des éducateurs en milieu de garde. Des régressions linéaires multiniveaux ont répondu aux quatre objectifs de l’étude. Résultats : Le modelage est positivement associé à l’apport en sucre (p=0,026) et l’éducation alimentaire est négativement associée à l’apport en calories (p=0,026) et en fibres (p=0,044). Ne pas utiliser de récompenses alimentaires est négativement associée à l’apport en gras (p=0,049). Aucune pratique n’est associée à l’AP des enfants. Plus l’écart entre l’apport alimentaire et l’AP des enfants et ceux de leurs pairs est grand au début de l’année, plus les enfants voient leur apport alimentaire et leur AP changer, se rapprochant de la moyenne de leurs pairs neuf mois plus tard (p<0,05). Conclusion : Les éducateurs et les pairs jouent un rôle important dans l’adoption d’habitudes alimentaires saines et d’AP chez les enfants de trois à cinq ans dans les milieux de garde. L’environnement social est donc important à considérer dans les interventions de promotion d’habitudes de vie saine dans les milieux de garde.

Biomares, a LIFE project to restore and manage the biodiversity of Prof. Luiz Saldanha Marine Park

The Marine Park Prof. Luiz Saldanha, in the coast of Arrabida, is the first marine park in continental Portugal. This area is a Nature 2000 site and is considered to be a hotspot for European marine biodiversity. In 2005, the management plan of the park was implemented, ending several habitat menaces, thereby allowing an application to the LIFE-NATURE Programme. The LIFE-BIOMARES project aimed at the restoration and management of the biodiversity of the marine park through several actions. The restoration of the seagrass prairies that were completely destroyed by fishing activities and recreational boating, was one of the most challenging. It included the transplanting of seagrasses from donor populations and the germination of seagrass seeds for posterior plantation to maintain genetic diversity in the transplanted area. One of the most popular actions was the implementation of environmental friendly moorings to integrate recreational use of the area with environmental protection. Several dissemination and environmental education actions concerning the marine park and the project took place and contributed to the public increase of the park acceptance. The seabed habitats were mapped along the park and a surrounding area to 100 m depth in order to create a habitat cartography of the park and to help locate alternative fishing zones. Biodiversity assessments for macrofauna revealed seasonal variations and an effect of the protection status. Preliminary results are presented and show that the marine park regulations are having a positive effect on biodiversity conservation and sustainable fisheries, thereby showing that these kind of conservation projects are important to disseminate coastal conservation best practices. The Biomares project is a model project that can be followed in the implementation of marine reserves and the establishment of the Natura 2000 marine network.

Efectos de una intervención educativa en la promoción de la actividad física, los conocimientos y comportamientos saludables para la prevención del cáncer colorrectal en jóvenes de una institución educativa secundaria en Bogotá Colombia

El cáncer colorrectal es un serio problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Evidencias epidemiológicas han sugerido que al menos el 50% de la enfermedad puede ser prevenida mediante un estilo de vida saludable. Las intervenciones educativas surgen como una herramienta clave de movilización social para la prevención y han sido sugeridas desde las autoridades nacionales para el control del cáncer en el país.

The use of motivational interviews by nurses to promote health behaviors in adolescents: a scoping review protoco

The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map the use of motivational interviews (MI) by nurses in their clinical practice with adolescents to promote health behaviors.More specifically, the review will focus on the following questions:What is the current nature and extent of use of nurse-led MI in the promotion of health behaviors in adolescents?Which adolescent populations (in terms of health status and adoption or not of health risk behaviors have been included in nurse-led MI with the aim of promoting health behaviors?What are the contexts in which nurses have used MI to promote health behaviors in adolescents?Which specific MI techniques and/or strategies have been used by nurses to promote health behaviors in adolescents?What outcomes on the promotion of health behaviors have been reported from nurse-led MI with adolescents?

The use of motivational interviews by nurses to promote health behaviors in adolescents: developing a search strategy for this review

Introduction: The developmental changes during adolescence may affect subsequent risk for diseases and health-related behaviors. Motivational Interview (MI) may be taken as an essential tool in the provision of nursing care to adolescents, being itself a workspace with possible therapeutic effects. At this context, it is important to examine and map the use of MI by nurses in their clinical practice with adolescents to promote health behaviors. Objectives: A scoping review has been undertaking to find out what is the current extent of the use of nurse-led MI; which adolescents were included; in which contexts nurses use MI; which MI techniques/strategies are used and what outcomes have been reported. The first task was to develop a search strategy to identify relevant studies for this review. It is described here the experience in constructing the search strategy review. Methodology: This scoping review will be informed by JBI methodology. An initial search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. An analysis of the text words contained in the title and abstract, and of the index terms used to describe the searched articles were retrieved and these were then used to construct a search strategy for use in Medline and Cinahl. Results: Analysis of the text words and the index terms generated 19 keywords: It was identified 5 synonyms for "Adolescents", 12 for "MI" and 2 for "nurse". A new research formula was designed using the text words identified. Adolescen*[Title/Abstract]) OR Younger*[Title/Abstract]) OR Youth*[Title/Abstract]) OR Teen*[Title/Abstract]) OR Adolescent[MeSH Terms])) AND (((((((((((("Motivational interview"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Motivational intervention"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Motivational interviews"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Motivational interventions"[Title/Abstract]) OR "motivational interviewing"[Title/Abstract]) OR "motivational counseling"[Title/Abstract]) OR "motivational support"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Motivational enhancement"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Brief intervention"[Title/Abstract]) OR "Brief interventions"[Title/Abstract]) OR Motivational Interviewing[MeSH Terms]) OR Directive Counseling[MeSH Terms])) AND ((nurs*[Text Word]) OR Nurses[MeSH Terms]). Limiters - Language: English, Portuguese, Spanish. In MEDLINE this research formula generated 125 results. Other 16 databases referenced at the protocol will be searched to identify additional studies. Articles identified from the final search will be assessed for relevance to the review, based on information provided in the title and abstract. The full article will be retrieved for all studies that meet the inclusion criteria of the review. Conclusions: It was presented here the initial results of this search. Next steps of this study will be to develop and refine the search strategy for use in other databases. It is expected that findings from this Scoping Review provide needed information to nurses related to the use of MI to promote health behaviors in adolescents and inform opportunities for future development in nursing practice.

Strategies to Promote Research and Logical Reasoning in the Teaching of Mathematics in the Schools

The purpose of this paper is to raise a debate on the urgent need for teachers to generate innovative situations in the teaching-learning process, in the field of Mathematics, as a way for students to develop logical reasoning and research skills applicable to everyday situations. It includes some statistical data and possible reasons for the poor performance and dissatisfaction of students towards Mathematics. Since teachers are called to offer meaningful and functional learning experiences to students, in order to promote the pleasure of learning, teacher training should include experiences that can be put into practice by teachers in the education centers. This paper includes a work proposal for Mathematics Teaching to generate discussion, curiosity and logical reasoning in students, together with the Mathematical problem solving study.

Evaluation of an intervention focusing on children to promote physical activity in the entire community: Feasibility, effectiveness and sustainability over time.

Regular physical activity (PA) during childhood is associated with physical, mental, emotional and social health benefits. The constant practice of PA is considered one of the best buys available in public health. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends to perform at least 60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous PA for children and adolescents in order to obtain health benefits. However, globally, this level of PA is hardly achieved. Children and adolescent who do not reach the recommended levels of PA are defined as physically inactive and nowadays physical inactivity constitutes a new type of pandemic. For this reason, the WHO launched a global action plan addressing physical activity with a goal of reducing physical inactivity in children and youth. The plan also included recommendation to improve individual and community health and contribute to the social, cultural and economic development of all nations. Worldwide, children and adolescents spend a significant amount of time in school and for this reason the school represents a fundamental educational setting that can play a pivotal role increasing students’ PA. Opportunities to be physically active should not be considered purely in relation to when children attend physical education classes but also making physical activity available during the school day, such as physically active lessons, and multicomponent PA interventions. Since school-based PA interventions are quite numerous, the present thesis focused on interventions delivered during school hours and that integrate small doses of PA as part of routine instruction. This type of intervention is called “Active Breaks.” Active Breaks consists of brief 5–15 minutes sessions of PA led by teachers who introduce short bursts of PA into the academic lesson. In light of this the present thesis aims to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and sustainability of an Active Breaks intervention targeting children to promote PA.

A alimentação saudável na ótica dos adolescentes: percepções e barreiras à sua implementação e características esperadas em materiais educativos

Este estudo visou avaliar percepções, barreiras e características de materiais educativos de promoção de alimentação saudável descritas por adolescentes. Realizaram-se quatro grupos focais com 25 adolescentes com perguntas sobre: percepção e motivação para modificar a dieta; conceito de alimentação saudável e barreiras para sua adoção; e características de impressos para a promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. Observou-se uma freqüente indecisão quanto a classificar a dieta como saudável. Os adolescentes referiram não se sentir confiantes para modificar a dieta, mas relataram conceitos adequados sobre alimentação saudável. As principais barreiras citadas foram focadas em aspectos pessoais e sociais, como: a tentação, o sabor dos alimentos, a influência dos pais e a falta de tempo e de opções de lanches saudáveis na escola. Para os jovens, materiais educativos de promoção de alimentação saudável devem reforçar seus benefícios imediatos e destacar mensagens alarmantes sobre os riscos à saúde advindos de uma alimentação inadequada.

Saúde e adolescentes: possibilidades de violência simbólica

Este artigo se propõe a analisar o tipo de relação que as Unidades de Saúde estabelecem com os adolescentes no município de Fortaleza, CE, na perspectiva da violência simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu. Para tanto, foram organizados seis grupos focais constituídos de profissionais das Unidades Básicas de Saúde da Família. O número de participantes variou de 10 a 15 pessoas. Os critérios de escolha das Unidades foram: aquelas que já realizaram algum projeto de promoção à saúde ou prevenção de doenças com adolescentes; que possuem profissionais que são reconhecidos por desenvolverem atendimento junto aos adolescentes. As falas do grupo foram anotadas e transcritas por um observador independente. O material coletado foi analisado de acordo com os critérios clássicos da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que há uma descrença na implantação de políticas públicas para a saúde na adolescência e que a sustentabilidade de programas e projetos fica fragilizada pela ausência dessa estrutura de apoio às ações no cuidado aos adolescentes

Síndrome metabólica: o novo desafio da Nutrição

A síndrome metabólica (SM) consiste em um conjunto de fatores de risco cardiovascular relacionados à obesidade abdominal e à resistência à insulina, refletindo no aumento da glicemia e da pressão arterial e na ocorrência de dislipidemia. Critérios recentes utilizados para a classificação da síndrome consideram a circunferência da cintura e a pressão arterial elevadas, pré-diabetes, hipertrigliceridemia e HDL colesterol reduzido. A SM pode aumentar consideravelmente o risco de desenvolvimento e de mortalidade por doenças e agravos não transmissíveis, como diabetes e doenças cardiovasculares. Sua ocorrência é multifatorial, envolvendo aumento ponderal, alimentação inadequada, inatividade física, predisposição genética e tabagismo. Ações preventivas mostram-se mais efetivas para a diminuição de riscos, quando comparadas ao tratamento de suas consequências, sendo importante a promoção da alimentação saudável, que envolve incentivo ao consumo de fibras e de gorduras insaturadas e moderação das saturadas e trans e de sódio

Participation in physical activities by older Australians: a review of the social psychological benefits and constraints

Participation in physical activities has been found to be an important factor in contributing to a healthy lifestyle. Research has found strong relationships between participation in regular physical activity and the prevention of disease, while its relationship to the psychological and social dimensions have been neglected. Recently however, several studies have found causal relationships between physical activity and improved mood state, reduced anxiety, reduced depression, and increased social support. Despite this, surveys indicate that participation levels in physical activities are declining among older Australians, with the exceptions of walking and gardening. This paper also examines constraints to participation in leisure programs, such as lack of time, poor health, fear of crime, the financial cost and the lack of a partner to participate with. A number of strategies have been suggested to overcome these constraints.

Beyond sex and cooking: Health education for individuals with intellectual disability

Issues of health education programming for people with intellectual disability are discussed. As environments in which such individuals live become more inclusive, and they are encouraged to make their own choices, the issue of whether current health education is sufficient to enable them to make healthy life choices is considered. More attention should be focused on programs in schools and the community to fulfill this need. Three aspects of health education programming are considered: physical activity, general health knowledge, and social supports for health. Continuity of information is viewed as important in policy development as well as in interprofessional coordination and cooperation to assure that these individuals are not further handicapped by poor health.

Fluência e precisão da leitura: avaliação e desenvolvimento

Projeto de Intervenção apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Didática da Língua Portuguesa no 1.º e 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico