Conhecendo a anatomia: a integração da universidade com a educação básica

v. 12, n. 2, jun./dez. 2016.

A arte de fazer música em conjunto

Relatório de Estágio para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino da Música

Materials Collection Creation and Administration: A New Role for Libraries (White Paper)

The Problem/Opportunity: To define, identify, and guide design-based materials collections in academic settings and foster community among those with existing collections and/or those considering creating and supporting one. Contents and topics: What is a materials collection? Why have a materials collection? Acquisition strategies Organizational approaches Programming possibilities Symposium summary Resources

A community leadership web site project: Sustainability and other issues

This paper reports on an ongoing partnership between Queensland University of Technology and Volunteering Queensland regarding the development and revision of a website for community leaders. The website, designed in late 2003, was established to provide a range of learning activities for community leaders including a problem based learning activity, case studies of community leaders and a range of resources deemed significant for leaders in the community. To date, anecdotal evidence as well as some more hard evidence (i.e. number of visits to the site), indicates that the site appears to be a valuable resource for community leaders. The purpose of this paper was firstly to investigate the utility of the site and secondly to consider some bigger issues concerning its sustainability. To achieve this, the paper explores the perceptions of (i) a group of community leaders regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the site; and (ii) key stakeholders (from QUT and Volunteering Queensland) who participated in a focus group discussion to consider important issues relating to its management and sustainability. Themes emerging from the two groups are provided and implications for small scale partnership projects such as this one are discussed.

Key Organizational Resources and the Sustainable Competitive Advantage of Cornell University’s School of Hotel Administration: Suggestions for Tourism & Educational Programs in China

Tourism and hospitality scholars and educational institutions in developing countries can benefit from systematic analysis of their counterparts in developed countries. Using the framework of sustainable competitive advantage, this paper explores the key organizational resources of the School of Hotel Administration at Cornell University that have assured its position as the leading hospitality program worldwide. The paper analyses key resources Cornell Hotel School uses to leverage and sustain its competitive advantage. Suggestions for positioning and enhancing future Chinese tourism and hospitality programs are provided. [Abstract in Chinese] 中国旅游发展起步较晚,在旅游教育的多数领域落后于西方发达国家。选择西方优秀旅游院系进行系统研究并总结其成功经验,对于提高我国旅游教育水平有着重要的意义。本文以持续竞争优势理论为框架,以全球旅游接待业教育的典范——康乃尔酒店管理学院为对象,详细分析了这所著名酒店学院的核心资源和确保其长期保持领袖地位的持续竞争优势,并提出可供中国旅游教育界参考借鉴的措施建议

Nature-based tourism and the valuation of its environmental resources: Economic and other aspects

Nature-based tourism has grown in importance in recent decades, and strong links have been established between it and ecotourism. This reflects rising incomes, greater levels of educational attainment and changing values, especially in the Western world. Nature-based tourism is quite varied. Different types of such tourism are identified and their consequences for sustainability of their resource-base are briefly considered. The development and management of nature-based tourism involves many economic aspects, several of which are discussed. For example, one must consider the economics of reserving or protecting land for this type of tourism. What economic factors should be taken into account? Economists stress the importance of taking into account the opportunity costs involved in such a decision. This concept is explained. However, determining the net economic value of an area used for tourism is not straightforward. Techniques for doing this, such as the travel cost method and stated value methods, are introduced. Natural areas reserved for tourism may have economic value not only for tourism but also jointly for other purposes, such as conserving wildlife, maintaining hydrological cycles and so on. These other purposes, should be taken into account when considering the use of land for nature-based tourism. According to one economic point of view, land should be used in a way that maximises its total economic value. While this approach has its merits, it does not take into account the distribution of benefits from land use and its local impacts on income and employment. These can be quite important politically and for nature conservation, and are discussed. Finally, there is some discussion of whether fees charged to tourists for access to environmental resources should discriminate between domestic tourists and foreigners.

Use of the web to provide learning support for a large metabolism and nutrition class

To support student learning in a large Metabolism and Nutrition class, we have introduced a web-based package, using a commercially available program, WebCT. The package was developed at a minimal cost and with limited resources. In addition to downloadable (PDF) versions of lecture Powerpoint presentations, tutorial outlines and a practical class exercise, web-based self-directed learning exercises were included to reinforce and extend lecture material in an active learning environment. The web-site also contained a variety of formative and summative assessment tasks that examined both factual recall and higher order thinking Detailed course information, timetables and a bulletin board were also readily accessible. Student usage of the site was generally high, but varied widely between individual students. Students who achieved a high overall score for the course completed on average three times as many formative assessment items and achieved a higher score for all tests than students who did poorly. Student feedback about the site was very positive with the majority of students reporting that the course material and assessment items that were available were useful to their learning. Administration of the course was also facilitated. (C) 2001 IUBMB. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Designation of natural monuments by the local administration: the example of Viana do Castelo municipality and its engagement with geoconservation (NW Portugal)

"First online: 11 April 2016"

Routes of administration of cannabis used for nonmedical purposes and associations with patterns of drug use.

PURPOSE: Little is known regarding cannabis administration routes for nonmedical use-that is, its delivery methods (e.g., joints, water pipe, food). Therefore, we examined the prevalence rates of different cannabis delivery methods and assessed the relationship of the distinct administration routes with problematic drug use. Subgroups of cannabis users were also investigated (i.e., "pure" cannabis users, previously described as employing a harmless route of administration, and water pipe users, previously described as using a harmful route of administration). METHODS: As part of the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors, 1,763 cannabis users answered questions concerning their drug use (i.e., routes of administration, problematic cannabis use, other illicit drug use). Descriptive statistics, latent class analysis, correlations and t-tests were assessed. RESULTS: The main administration route was "joints with tobacco"; other routes of administration had prevalence rates from 23.99% to 38.23%. In addition, increasing the number of administration routes was associated with more problematic cannabis use, as well as heavier illicit drug use. Water pipes without tobacco were especially linked to heavy drug use patterns, whereas "pure" cannabis use seemed less harmful. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted that diversification in routes of administration can be associated with heavier illicit drug use. This was especially true for water pipe users, whereas "pure" cannabis users, who did not mix cannabis with tobacco, were an exception. Indeed, these results may be useful for future preventive programs, which may need to focus on those who have diversified routes of administration for cannabis.

Dramatic effect of early clopidogrel administration in reducing mortality and MACE rates in ACS patients. Data from the Swiss registry AMIS-Plus.

BACKGROUND: Patients who have acute coronary syndromes with or without ST-segment elevation have high rates of major vascular events. We evaluated the efficacy of early clopidogrel administration (300 mg) (<24 hours) when given with aspirin in such patients. METHODS: We included 30,243 patients who had an acute coronary syndrome with or without ST segment elevation. Data on early clopidogrel administration were available for 24,463 (81%). Some 15,525 (51%) of the total cohort were administrated clopidogrel within 24h of admission. RESULTS: In-hospital death occurred in 2.9% of the patients in the early clopidogrel group treated with primary PCI and in 11.4% of the patients in the other group without primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and no early clopidogrel. The unadjusted clopidogrel odds ratio (OR) for mortality was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.27-0.34; p <0.001). Incidence of major adverse cardiac death (MACE) was 4.1% in the early clopidogrel group treated with 1°PCI and 13.5% in the other group without primary PCI and no early clopidogrel (OR 0.35, confidence interval 0.32-0.39, p <0.001). Early clopidogrel administration and PCI were the only treatment lowering mortality as shown by mutlivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The early administration of the anti-platelet agent clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes with or without ST-segment elevation has a beneficial effect on mortality and major adverse cardiac events. The lower mortality rate and incidence of MACE emerged with a combination of primary PCI and early clopidogrel administration.

Addressing elementary school teachers' professional stressors: Practical suggestions for schools and adminstrators

Purpose: Given the preponderance of education reform since the No Child Left Behind Act (U.S. Department of Education, 2001), reform efforts have shaped the nature of the work and culture in schools. The emphasis on standardized testing to determine schools' status and student performance, among other factors, has generated stress, particularly for teachers. Therefore, district and school administrators are encouraged to consider the contextual factors that contribute to teacher stress to address them and to retain high-performing teachers. Research Methods/Approach: Participants were recruited from two types of schools in order to test hypotheses related to directional responding as a function of working in a more challenging (high-priority) or less challenging (non-high-priority) school environment. We employed content analysis to analyze 64 suburban elementary school teachers' free-responses to a prompt regarding their stress as teachers. We cross-analyzed our findings through external auditing to bolster trustworthiness in the data and in the procedure. Findings: Teachers reported personal and contextual stressors. Herein, we reported concrete examples of the five categories of contextual stressors teachers identified: political and educational structures, instructional factors, student factors, parent and family factors, and school climate. We found directional qualities and overlapping relationships in the data, partially confirming our hypotheses. Implications for Research and Practice: We offer specific recommendations for practical ways in which school administrators might systemically address teacher stress based on the five categories of stressors reported by participants. We also suggest means of conducting action research to measure the effects of implemented suggestions.

Profiling of steroid metabolites after transdermal and oral administration of testosterone by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The screening of testosterone (T) misuse for doping control is based on the urinary steroid profile, including T, its precursors and metabolites. Modifications of individual levels and ratio between those metabolites are indicators of T misuse. In the context of screening analysis, the most discriminant criterion known to date is based on the T glucuronide (TG) to epitestosterone glucuronide (EG) ratio (TG/EG). Following the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) recommendations, there is suspicion of T misuse when the ratio reaches 4 or beyond. While this marker remains very sensitive and specific, it suffers from large inter-individual variability, with important influence of enzyme polymorphisms. Moreover, use of low dose or topical administration forms makes the screening of endogenous steroids difficult while the detection window no longer suits the doping habit. As reference limits are estimated on the basis of population studies, which encompass inter-individual and inter-ethnic variability, new strategies including individual threshold monitoring and alternative biomarkers were proposed to detect T misuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a new generation high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) to investigate the steroid metabolism after transdermal and oral T administration. An approach was developed to quantify 12 targeted urinary steroids as direct glucuro- and sulfo-conjugated metabolites, allowing the conservation of the phase II metabolism information, reflecting genetic and environmental influences. The UHPLC-QTOF-MS(E) platform was applied to clinical study samples from 19 healthy male volunteers, having different genotypes for the UGT2B17 enzyme responsible for the glucuroconjugation of T. Based on reference population ranges, none of the traditional markers of T misuse could detect doping after topical administration of T, while the detection window was short after oral TU ingestion. The detection ability of the 12 targeted steroids was thus evaluated by using individual thresholds following both transdermal and oral administration. Other relevant biomarkers and minor metabolites were studied for complementary information to the steroid profile, including sulfoconjugated analytes and hydroxy forms of glucuroconjugated metabolites. While sulfoconjugated steroids may provide helpful screening information for individuals with homozygotous UGT2B17 deletion, hydroxy-glucuroconjugated analytes could enhance the detection window of oral T undecanoate (TU) doping.

Who expects what from whom? : a gender based study on expectations and secondary school administration

This study is about expectations and aspirations of secondary school teachers. It is an investigation of why some teachers aspire to become administrators and why some teachers do not. My research compares expectations and existing attltudes regarding aspirations toward administration which are held by three distinct groups within the secondary school system: 1) principals/vice-principals, 2) aspiring teachers, and 3) non-aspiring teachers. This study questions why, in the late 60's, secondary school administration is still predominated by men. The conclusions and recommendations were based on interviews with thirty men and women in the Hamilton Secondary School System. In addltion, Mr. Keith Rielly, Superintendent of Operations, made valuable contributions to my work. The interviews revealed experiences and percept ions of men and women in di scourse about f amil y re lat i onshi ps, educational choices and perceived internal and external barriers which inhiblted or enhanced their decision to aspire to secondary school administration. Candidates spoke about their personal and professional Hves wlth respect to encouragement, perceived images of an administrator, netWOrking and the effect of marriage and children on their careers. Historically, women have not accepted the challenge of administration and It would appear as if this is still the case today. My research suggests that women are under-represented in secondary school administration because of internal and external barriers which discourage many women from aspiring. I conclude that many of women's internal barrlers are reinforced by external roadblocks which prevent women from aspiring to secondory school administration. Thus. many women who do not envision a future in educational administration establish priorities outside the general realm of education. I recommend that males and females recognize that women make valuable contributions to educational theory and design based on their experiences which may be "differene from mole experiences. but just as significant. Mole and female representation in secondary school administration represents a balance between attitudes and behaviours which can not be accomplished when an administrative offlce is dominated by on all ma1e or all female staff.

Évaluation d'un programme de formation en administration des services de soins infirmiers : le cas du Sénégal

Partout dans le monde, la formation en gestion des cadres infirmiers est devenue une nécessité. Afin de doter la profession infirmière de chefs de file capables de faire face aux changements, plusieurs pays ont conçu des programmes de formation de deuxième cycle en administration des services de soins infirmiers. Plusieurs programmes sont développés en ce sens dont peu ou prou sont évalués. Plusieurs auteurs croient que l’évaluation de ces programmes permettrait de mieux apprécier l’atteinte des objectifs pédagogiques et ultérieurement, d’améliorer la formation et les pratiques de gestion. Afin de contribuer à ce projet, la présente étude vise à évaluer le programme de formation Administration et enseignement de l'École nationale de développement sanitaire et social (ENDSS) du Sénégal. Cette évaluation prend en compte les points de vue des diplômés, des enseignants, des concepteurs du programme et des directions d’hôpitaux. Il s’agit d’une recherche évaluative de type rétrospectif. Une enquête par questionnaire et par entrevue a été réalisée auprès des diplômés, des enseignants, des concepteurs de programme et des directions d'hôpitaux. Également, des bases de données sur les étudiants finissants entre les années 2003 et 2009 ont été consultées pour recueillir les notes obtenues à l’examen de certification, les effectifs d’admission et d’inscrits et les renseignements sociodémographiques. Cette évaluation porte sur les principales composantes du programme de formation Administration et enseignement de l’ENDSS qui sont examinées à l’aide du modèle systémique d’évaluation de programme éducatif de Stufflebeam (1981) communément appelé modèle CIPP. Les résultats de l’analyse s’appuient sur 70 questionnaires et 37 entrevues. En vue de répondre aux questions de recherche, les données recueillies sont analysées et interprétées à partir d’indicateurs et selon des critères définis. La démarche d’analyse des résultats s’est effectuée en deux étapes. D'abord, les données des questionnaires et des entrevues fournies par les diplômés, les enseignants et les concepteurs ont été analysées ainsi que celles du dossier scolaire des étudiants inscrits au programme. Ensuite, l’examen a porté sur les données des questionnaires recueillies auprès des directions d’hôpitaux. Les avis de tous les répondants sur les améliorations à apporter au programme sont analysés pour rendre compte de leurs recommandations à ce sujet. Tout au long de l’analyse des résultats, les données des questionnaires et des entrevues sont présentées à la fois. Le jugement sur l’efficacité du programme de formation Administration et enseignement de l’ENDSS est établi par l’analyse d’indicateurs reliés aux quatre types d'évaluation proposés par Stufflebeam (1981). Les diplômés et les concepteurs jugent que la formation est adéquate pour l’exercice de la fonction de chef de services des soins infirmiers. Par contre, les enseignants sont très partagés sur cette question, puisque près de la moitié d'entre eux expriment un avis favorable tandis que les autres ont une opinion contraire. Les diplômés apparaissent très partagés par rapport à la cohérence apparente entre les objectifs de stage d’administration hospitalière et les compétences à développer, alors que les enseignants et les concepteurs expriment plus largement une opinion négative. La cohérence entre les notions du module de Management des services de santé et l’exercice de la fonction de chef de services des soins infirmiers est jugée plus forte en ce qui concerne plusieurs notions, par les diplômés, les enseignants et les concepteurs. La majorité des diplômés et des enseignants jugent que la supervision offerte aux étudiants est insatisfaisante. Les diplômés et les enseignants croient que la disponibilité des ressources didactiques à la bibliothèque ne facilite pas les apprentissages. Tandis que les concepteurs, en proportion plus élevée, expriment le même jugement. Les diplômés et les enseignants sont divisés sur la question de l’équilibre entre le nombre d’heures alloué à la théorie et à la formation pratique. Tandis que la majorité des concepteurs croient qu’il n’y a pas d'équilibre entre le nombre d'heures consacré aux cours et à la formation pratique. Les diplômés et les enseignants expriment une opinion très positive sur la qualité des rapports sociaux des étudiants entre eux, avec les enseignants et le personnel administratif. Tandis que les concepteurs ont une opinion plutôt négative à ce sujet. Les diplômés, de même que les enseignants jugent en majorité, que la supervision des stages offerte aux étudiants est insatisfaisante. Ces opinions convergent avec celles de la grande majorité des concepteurs. Selon les diplômés, le travail de groupe, de même que les études de cas sont les méthodes les plus pertinentes dans la formation de chef de service des soins infirmiers. Pour les enseignants et les concepteurs c'est le travail de groupe qui est la méthode la plus pertinente pour faire acquérir des connaissances. Parmi l’ensemble des inscrits, incluant les étudiants sénégalais et étrangers, 104 d’entre eux ont obtenu un diplôme. Subséquemment, seuls 2 étudiants sur les 106 inscrits au programme ont échoué. Les enseignants, les diplômés et les concepteurs sont tous satisfaits du programme de formation Administration et enseignement de l’ENDSS. Les directions d'hôpitaux sont partagées quant à elles, à l’idée selon laquelle les étudiants sont préparés aux fonctions de chef de service des soins infirmiers. En plus, selon la grande majorité des directions le programme de formation ne répond pas à la stratégie de la réforme hospitalière. Elles affirment à l’unanimité qu’elles n’ont pas été associées au processus d’élaboration du programme et sont d’accord que, de manière générale, la formation reçue par le chef de services des soins infirmiers est de qualité. Unanimement, les directions d’hôpitaux jugent que des notions devraient être ajoutées ou améliorées au programme de formation Administration et enseignement de l’ENDSS. L’interprétation des données révèle la complexité qui entoure l’importance de l’équilibre du volume horaire à consacrer à la théorie et à la pratique dans un programme de formation. En plus, les résultats sur les connaissances à acquérir par les diplômés durant la formation montrent un besoin élevé de perfectionnement voire d’enseignement plus poussé du contenu des notions Système d’information sanitaire et Introduction à l’informatique, Introduction au management; Élaboration de programme et Administration hospitalière. Un choix approprié de terrain où l’étudiant pourrait réaliser les objectifs d’apprentissage, une sélection de la période adéquate pour le stage, de même qu’un encadrement signifiant, seraient le gage d’un stage profitable pour l’étudiant. Nous estimons que cette recherche a ouvert des pistes à des perspectives de recherches reliées au développement professionnel des futurs chefs de service des soins infirmiers. Mots clés : évaluation de programme, acquisition de connaissances, développement des compétences, administration des soins infirmiers, programme de deuxième cycle.