Autismo: aspectos cognitivos, educacionais e neurobiológicos com base na análise dos livros Mundo singular: entenda o autismo e o Os gatos nunca mentem sobre o amor e na literatura especializada

The autism is a severe mental illness that involves psychological, social, educational and neurobiological aspects. The Education plays an important role in recovering, preserving and increasing the cognitive task of people with autism. There are several ways to observe a person with autism. Through the studying of cases, it is also possible to address issues of everyday life of the person with the illness, its cognitive issues and its obstacles of psychosocial involvement, as well as psychological aspects such as illness acknowledgement. Through specialized literature, it is possible to identify characteristics referring to the learning process and neurobiological components involved in the condition, such as brain activity disorder and genetic factors. The objectives of this paper are: from the analysis of two books: Unique World: comprehend the Autism (SILVA, A. B. B; GAIATO, M.B; REVELES, L.T) and The cats never lie about love (DILLON, J.), it is intended to describe cognitive and psychosocial aspects of the autism. Based on the specialized literature, the goal is to identify cognitive and neurobiological components in the illness. The methods that were used: analysis of the books Unique World: comprehend the Autism and The cats never lie about love to describe psychosocial and educational aspects of the autism; analysis of the specialized literature to identify clinical and neurobiological components of the illness, such as changes in brain activity, genetic factors or clinical evolution; and also details of the Education role in preserving the person with autism and his cognitive and emotional development. The study had the documentary research as reference for the methodological design, including book analysis and research in specialized literature. It is intended to deepen discussions about the Education roles related to the cognitive and neurobiological aspects of the autism

Equações diferenciais implícitas com descontinuidade

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Continuity of Dynamical Structures for Nonautonomous Evolution Equations Under Singular Perturbations

In this paper we study the continuity of invariant sets for nonautonomous infinite-dimensional dynamical systems under singular perturbations. We extend the existing results on lower-semicontinuity of attractors of autonomous and nonautonomous dynamical systems. This is accomplished through a detailed analysis of the structure of the invariant sets and its behavior under perturbation. We prove that a bounded hyperbolic global solutions persists under singular perturbations and that their nonlinear unstable manifold behave continuously. To accomplish this, we need to establish results on roughness of exponential dichotomies under these singular perturbations. Our results imply that, if the limiting pullback attractor of a nonautonomous dynamical system is the closure of a countable union of unstable manifolds of global bounded hyperbolic solutions, then it behaves continuously (upper and lower) under singular perturbations.

The dual pathway in action: decoupling parallel routes for CO2 production during the oscillatory electro-oxidation of methanol

As in the case of most small organic molecules, the electro-oxidation of methanol to CO2 is believed to proceed through a so-called dual pathway mechanism. The direct pathway proceeds via reactive intermediates such as formaldehyde or formic acid, whereas the indirect pathway occurs in parallel, and proceeds via the formation of adsorbed carbon monoxide (COad). Despite the extensive literature on the electro-oxidation of methanol, no study to date distinguished the production of CO2 from direct and indirect pathways. Working under, far-from-equilibrium, oscillatory conditions, we were able to decouple, for the first time, the direct and indirect pathways that lead to CO2 during the oscillatory electro-oxidation of methanol on platinum. The CO2 production was followed by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry and the individual contributions of parallel pathways were identified by a combination of experiments and numerical simulations. We believe that our report opens some perspectives, particularly as a methodology to be used to identify the role played by surface modifiers in the relative weight of both pathways-a key issue to the effective development of catalysts for low temperature fuel cells.

A model of road effect using line integrals and a test of the performance of two new road indices using the distribution of small mammals in an Atlantic Forest landscape

Effects of roads on wildlife and its habitat have been measured using metrics, such as the nearest road distance, road density, and effective mesh size. In this work we introduce two new indices: (1) Integral Road Effect (IRE), which measured the sum effects of points in a road at a fixed point in the forest; and (2) Average Value of the Infinitesimal Road Effect (AVIRE), which measured the average of the effects of roads at this point. IRE is formally defined as the line integral of a special function (the infinitesimal road effect) along the curves that model the roads, whereas AVIRE is the quotient of IRE by the length of the roads. Combining tools of ArcGIS software with a numerical algorithm, we calculated these and other road and habitat cover indices in a sample of points in a human-modified landscape in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, where data on the abundance of two groups of small mammals (forest specialists and habitat generalists) were collected in the field. We then compared through the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) a set of candidate regression models to explain the variation in small mammal abundance, including models with our two new road indices (AVIRE and IRE) or models with other road effect indices (nearest road distance, mesh size, and road density), and reference models (containing only habitat indices, or only the intercept without the effect of any variable). Compared to other road effect indices, AVIRE showed the best performance to explain abundance of forest specialist species, whereas the nearest road distance obtained the best performance to generalist species. AVIRE and habitat together were included in the best model for both small mammal groups, that is, higher abundance of specialist and generalist small mammals occurred where there is lower average road effect (less AVIRE) and more habitat. Moreover, AVIRE was not significantly correlated with habitat cover of specialists and generalists differing from the other road effect indices, except mesh size, which allows for separating the effect of roads from the effect of habitat on small mammal communities. We suggest that the proposed indices and GIS procedures could also be useful to describe other spatial ecological phenomena, such as edge effect in habitat fragments. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A nonlinear elliptic problem with terms concentrating in the boundary

In this paper, we investigate the behavior of a family of steady-state solutions of a nonlinear reaction diffusion equation when some reaction and potential terms are concentrated in a e-neighborhood of a portion G of the boundary. We assume that this e-neighborhood shrinks to G as the small parameter e goes to zero. Also, we suppose the upper boundary of this e-strip presents a highly oscillatory behavior. Our main goal here was to show that this family of solutions converges to the solutions of a limit problem, a nonlinear elliptic equation that captures the oscillatory behavior. Indeed, the reaction term and concentrating potential are transformed into a flux condition and a potential on G, which depends on the oscillating neighborhood. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Oscillatory electro-oxidation of glycerol on platinum

This paper describes the experimental study of the oscillatory electro-oxidation of glycerol on platinum under galvanostatic control. The system was investigated in both acidic and alkaline media and for different glycerol concentrations. In acidic supporting electrolyte, the oscillatory behavior is rather simple and the main features such as period, amplitude and waveform are barely affected by the glycerol concentration. A more complex picture including the presence of different temporal patterns and strong dependence with glycerol concentration emerges in alkaline medium. In both media, the composite oscillations visit two clearly discernible potential windows, and potential oscillations in alkaline media are observed only when the working electrode is kept stationary. The mechanistic implications of our findings are discussed in connection with available data obtained under close-to-equilibrium conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Definite integrals and operational methods

An operational method, already employed to formulate a generalization of the Ramanujan master theorem, is applied to the evaluation of integrals of various types. This technique provides a very flexible and powerful tool yielding new results encompassing different aspects of the special function theory. Crown Copyright (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

OSCILLATORY DYNAMICS IN SYSTEMS CONTAINING BROMATE AND 1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDIONE IN ACIDIC MEDIA. I. THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE.

OSCILLATORY DYNAMICS IN SYSTEMS CONTAINING BROMATE AND 1,4-CYCLOHEXANEDIONE IN ACIDIC MEDIA. I. THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE. We present in this work the influence of temperature on the dynamics of homogeneous chemical systems containing bromate and 1,4-cyclohexanedione (1,4-CHD) in acidic media. In particular, the following systems were studied: bromate/1,4-CHD/acid, bromate/1,4-CHD/ferroin/acid and bromate/1,4-CHD/trisbipyridine ruthenium/acid. Investigations were carried out by means of an electrochemical probe, at five temperatures between 5 and 45 degrees C. Activation energies (E-a) were estimated in different ways for the pre-oscillatory and oscillatory regimes. In any case, the E-a was found to depend on the catalyst, composition and initial concentrations. In addition, it was observed that ferroin and trisbipyridine ruthenium act as catalysts only during the transition between the induction period and oscillatory regime.

Modulation of the oscillatory mechanics of lung tissue and the oxidative stress response induced by arginase inhibition in a chronic allergic inflammation model

Abstract Background The importance of the lung parenchyma in the pathophysiology of asthma has previously been demonstrated. Considering that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and arginases compete for the same substrate, it is worthwhile to elucidate the effects of complex NOS-arginase dysfunction in the pathophysiology of asthma, particularly, related to distal lung tissue. We evaluated the effects of arginase and iNOS inhibition on distal lung mechanics and oxidative stress pathway activation in a model of chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation in guinea pigs. Methods Guinea pigs were exposed to repeated ovalbumin inhalations (twice a week for 4 weeks). The animals received 1400 W (an iNOS-specific inhibitor) for 4 days beginning at the last inhalation. Afterwards, the animals were anesthetized and exsanguinated; then, a slice of the distal lung was evaluated by oscillatory mechanics, and an arginase inhibitor (nor-NOHA) or vehicle was infused in a Krebs solution bath. Tissue resistance (Rt) and elastance (Et) were assessed before and after ovalbumin challenge (0.1%), and lung strips were submitted to histopathological studies. Results Ovalbumin-exposed animals presented an increase in the maximal Rt and Et responses after antigen challenge (p<0.001), in the number of iNOS positive cells (p<0.001) and in the expression of arginase 2, 8-isoprostane and NF-kB (p<0.001) in distal lung tissue. The 1400 W administration reduced all these responses (p<0.001) in alveolar septa. Ovalbumin-exposed animals that received nor-NOHA had a reduction of Rt, Et after antigen challenge, iNOS positive cells and 8-isoprostane and NF-kB (p<0.001) in lung tissue. The activity of arginase 2 was reduced only in the groups treated with nor-NOHA (p <0.05). There was a reduction of 8-isoprostane expression in OVA-NOR-W compared to OVA-NOR (p<0.001). Conclusions In this experimental model, increased arginase content and iNOS-positive cells were associated with the constriction of distal lung parenchyma. This functional alteration may be due to a high expression of 8-isoprostane, which had a procontractile effect. The mechanism involved in this response is likely related to the modulation of NF-kB expression, which contributed to the activation of the arginase and iNOS pathways. The association of both inhibitors potentiated the reduction of 8-isoprostane expression in this animal model.

A mean value for pairs of integrals

Se prueba que para dos funciones continuas reales, una determinada ecuación posee solució única. Se presenta también una generalización a integrales con peso.

Existence and uniqueness of positive and nondecreasing solutions for a class of singular fractional boundary value problems

[EN] We establish the existence and uniqueness of a positive and nondecreasing solution to a singular boundary value problem of a class of nonlinear fractional differential equation. Our analysis relies on a fixed point theorem in partially ordered sets.

Mathematical aspects of Feynman integrals

In the present dissertation we consider Feynman integrals in the framework of dimensional regularization. As all such integrals can be expressed in terms of scalar integrals, we focus on this latter kind of integrals in their Feynman parametric representation and study their mathematical properties, partially applying graph theory, algebraic geometry and number theory. The three main topics are the graph theoretic properties of the Symanzik polynomials, the termination of the sector decomposition algorithm of Binoth and Heinrich and the arithmetic nature of the Laurent coefficients of Feynman integrals.rnrnThe integrand of an arbitrary dimensionally regularised, scalar Feynman integral can be expressed in terms of the two well-known Symanzik polynomials. We give a detailed review on the graph theoretic properties of these polynomials. Due to the matrix-tree-theorem the first of these polynomials can be constructed from the determinant of a minor of the generic Laplacian matrix of a graph. By use of a generalization of this theorem, the all-minors-matrix-tree theorem, we derive a new relation which furthermore relates the second Symanzik polynomial to the Laplacian matrix of a graph.rnrnStarting from the Feynman parametric parameterization, the sector decomposition algorithm of Binoth and Heinrich serves for the numerical evaluation of the Laurent coefficients of an arbitrary Feynman integral in the Euclidean momentum region. This widely used algorithm contains an iterated step, consisting of an appropriate decomposition of the domain of integration and the deformation of the resulting pieces. This procedure leads to a disentanglement of the overlapping singularities of the integral. By giving a counter-example we exhibit the problem, that this iterative step of the algorithm does not terminate for every possible case. We solve this problem by presenting an appropriate extension of the algorithm, which is guaranteed to terminate. This is achieved by mapping the iterative step to an abstract combinatorial problem, known as Hironaka's polyhedra game. We present a publicly available implementation of the improved algorithm. Furthermore we explain the relationship of the sector decomposition method with the resolution of singularities of a variety, given by a sequence of blow-ups, in algebraic geometry.rnrnMotivated by the connection between Feynman integrals and topics of algebraic geometry we consider the set of periods as defined by Kontsevich and Zagier. This special set of numbers contains the set of multiple zeta values and certain values of polylogarithms, which in turn are known to be present in results for Laurent coefficients of certain dimensionally regularized Feynman integrals. By use of the extended sector decomposition algorithm we prove a theorem which implies, that the Laurent coefficients of an arbitrary Feynman integral are periods if the masses and kinematical invariants take values in the Euclidean momentum region. The statement is formulated for an even more general class of integrals, allowing for an arbitrary number of polynomials in the integrand.