885 resultados para Methods for Multi-criteria Evaluation
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Due to the occurrence of diseases in the use of structural reinforcements in composites, with presentation of concrete blanket detachment, has been identified the need to evaluate the performance of concrete reinforced with glass fiber. This study aims to evaluate these concretes by means of testing methodologies, using concrete with low resistance with structural reinforcement for confinement by preimpregnated glass fiber and traditional fiberglass blanket. The first stage of work was the development of methodologies for analysis, opting for four types, such as the acoustic survey, strength to compressive, the pull-off and ultrasound. Next, tests were carried out using the four selected methodologies in 30 of proof-of-specimens by 5x10 cm, 15 were reinforced with the traditional fiberglass blanket with 5specimens exposed to test a marine environment of marine coastline of Natal-RN and 15 were reinforced with a pre-impregnated glass fiber blanket, as well as 5specimens exposed to a test environment of the marine coastline of Natal-RN. After conducting the acoustic survey, it has been verified a lack of delaminating and air bubbles in the samples, confirming the absence of gross shortcomings in the implementation of the ribs both the traditional fiberglass blanket and in the preimpregnated fiber glass blanket. After carrying out methods of pull-off and compressive strengthening test it was observed that the reinforced proof-bodies with pre-impregnated glass blanket showed maximum stresses higher than the traditional fiberglass blanket; consequently a greater grip with the formation of a smaller area of . fracture, unlike traditional glass mat, which showed lower maximum stresses, with a greater area of fracture. It was also found that the traditional fiberglass blanket presented detachment of blanket-concrete interface, unlike the pre-impregnated fiberglass blanket, which showed a better grip on the blanket-concrete interface. In the trial of ultrasound there was no presence of cracks in the blanket-concrete interface, yielding to both blankets good compactness of the concrete. At the end of this work, they were developed and proposed two methods of testing for evaluation of reinforced concrete structures with composites, for standardization, the acoustic survey and pull-off
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Introduo O zinco um importante elemento trao que auxilia na capacidade antioxidante, alm de participar da maturao biolgica. Em atletas, a suplementao de zinco tem efeito positivo nos parmetros hematolgicos e pode melhorar o rendimento esportivo. Sua deficincia comumente observada nesses grupo e pode estar associada diminuio da fora fsica assim como da massa corporal, alm de ter efeito significativo no crescimento. Assim os objetivos do presente estudo foram: comparar os mtodos de avaliao da maturidade biolgica e suas relaes com variveis antropomtricas e de rendimento fsico de acordo com o estado de zinco em jovens jogadores de futebol; comparar diferentes mtodos de avaliao da composio corporal em jovens jogadores de futebol esratificados de acordo com os nveis plasmticos de zinco e investigar o efeito do zinco suplementar na maturao biolgica, no crescimento, na composio corporal e na fora muscular de jogadores de futebol pberes do sexo masculino. Materiais e mtodos Foram avaliados em dois momentos 48 jovens do sexo masculino (131 anos, massa corporal de 4810kg, estatura de 16010cm e zinco plasmtico de 12,12,2 mol/L). Todos eram jogadores de futebol de um tradicional clube do Rio de Janeiro e foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. Durante 12 semanas o grupo placebo (n=28) recebeu cpsulas de amido de milho e o grupo suplementado (n=20) recebeu cpsulas de gluconato de Zn (22mg/dia). O valor de 11,0 mol/L foi considerado como ponto de corte para classificao dos jovens em normozincmicos ou hipozincmicos. No incio da manh, aps jejum noturno, foram coletados sangue e urina para determinao da concentrao de zinco. A massa corporal, alturas (do vrtex, acromial, dactiloidal, iliocristal, trocantrica e sentado), composio corporal, fora e maturidade esqueltica (TW3) tambm foram determinadas por metodologias validadas. Resultados As comparaes entre as categorias maturacionais definidas por cada mtodo de avaliao mostraram que a idade ssea foi o nico mtodo que permitiu a identificao de diferenas entre as trs categorias, em ao menos duas varieis relacionadas ao rendimento (massa livre de gordura (MLG) e fora na mo dominante (FMD) p<0,0001). O mtodo da pilosidade axilar foi capaz de discriminar apenas para a FMD (p<0,0001). Embora tenha fornecido quatro categorias maturacionais, o mtodo por dosagem da testosterona no possibilitou a identificao de diferenas entre as categorias relativas a MLG, a FMD e as dobras cutneas(DC). Quando observamos os mtodos de avaliao da composio corporal no foram identificadas diferenas sigificativas entre os grupos hipozincmico e normozincmico no percentagem de gordura(PG) nem na MLG obtidas atravs dos mtodos da absortometria de dupla energia (DXA) (p=0,06076 e p=0,5638 respectivamente), das DC (p=0,6840 and 0,5087) e atravs da bioimpedncia eltrica (BIA) (p=0,3475 and p=0,3475). Entre os diferentes mtodos tambm no foi encontrada diferenas significativas (PG: p=0,1272 e p=0,3231 - MLG: p=0,9229 and p=0,8933 para os grupos hipozincmico e normozincmico, respectivamente). As correlaes entre os mtodos foram significativas (PG: r= 0,3414 a 0,9765 e p<0,0001 a 0,0133 - MLG: r=0,9533 a 0,9998 e p<0,0001). Fortes coeficientes de determinao foram obtidos nas regresses mltiplas dos valores do DXA com a equao de Slaughter na estimativa da PG (r=0,86; r2=0,928 e SEE=2,37%) e ainda maiores para MLG (r=0,98; r2=0,990 e SEE=1,18kg). Valores menores foram encontrados para as outras equaes com DC e para BIA. Ao analisar os efeitos da suplementao de zinco sobre o crescimento, a maturao, a composio corporal e a fora, observou-se que somente as alteraes ocorridas nos indicadores de crescimento foram significativas (p=0,0312), sendo que todas as demais no foram significativas - idade ssea (p=0,1391), massa livre de gordura (p=0,0593), percentual de massa gorda (p=0,2212) e fora na mo dominante (p=0,6569). Concluses Observando diferentes mtodos de avaliao da maturidade biolgica e as categorias por eles definidas, o mtodo da idade ssea (IO) mostrou ser melhor, visto que ele permitiu identificar diferenas entre as trs categorias possveis, nas variveis MLG e FMD, ao contrrio dos outros mtodos. Para a avaliao da composio corporal, os mtodos baseados nas DC foram melhores que BIA, quando DXA no estiver disponvel. A comparao entre os mtodos baseados nas DC mostrou que a melhor associao foi obtida com a equao de Slaughter, seguida pela equao de Lohman com a utilizao da IO ao invs da idade cronolgica. Os nveis de zinco plasmtico parecem no serem influenciados pela composio corporal, o que certamente justifica mais estudos. Os resultados da anlise dos efeitos da suplementao de zinco no crescimento, na maturao, na composio corporal e na fora, nos levam a concluir que o crescimento teve alterao positiva significativa e que os valores das demais variveis estudadas (maturao, composio corporal e fora muscular) no sofreram alteraes significativas relacionadas suplementao de zinco nos jovens jogadores de futebol do sexo masculino, na faixa etria dos 12 aos 14 anos.
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Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the top five cancers afflicting both men and women globally. Once predominantly a Western disease, it has begun to rise in Asian countries as well. This systematic review aims to compile and analyze the various barriers towards colorectal cancer screening in Asia, and to determine if the barriers are consistent throughout the continent. Methods: Article Inclusion criteria for based on year of publication from year 2008 till 2015, has been conducted in Asia, and written in English language. A total of 23 studies were included in this review, chosen via primary search of journal websites and databases, and a secondary search through the reference lists of eligible articles. Results: It was found that major barriers of colorectal cancer screening are; poor education/knowledge, negative perceptions towards screening, aversion to test results, financial constraints, time constraints, lack of physicians recommendation, limited/difficult access to screening locations, fatalistic beliefs, low perceived risks, language barriers, confidence in traditional medicine/distrust in Western medicine, ignorance and old age. Conclusion: Lack of knowledge/education is the most critical barrier that is linked to a majority of other barriers that can hinder a person from undergoing CRC screening for early prevention, detection and treatment. Majority of these barriers encountered regarding the poor rates of CRC screening are similar across countries in Asia.
Development of new scenario decomposition techniques for linear and nonlinear stochastic programming
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Une approche classique pour traiter les problmes doptimisation avec incertitude deux- et multi-tapes est dutiliser lanalyse par scnario. Pour ce faire, lincertitude de certaines donnes du problme est modlise par vecteurs alatoires avec des supports finis spcifiques aux tapes. Chacune de ces ralisations reprsente un scnario. En utilisant des scnarios, il est possible dtudier des versions plus simples (sous-problmes) du problme original. Comme technique de dcomposition par scnario, lalgorithme de recouvrement progressif est une des mthodes les plus populaires pour rsoudre les problmes de programmation stochastique multi-tapes. Malgr la dcomposition complte par scnario, lefficacit de la mthode du recouvrement progressif est trs sensible certains aspects pratiques, tels que le choix du paramtre de pnalisation et la manipulation du terme quadratique dans la fonction objectif du lagrangien augment. Pour le choix du paramtre de pnalisation, nous examinons quelques-unes des mthodes populaires, et nous proposons une nouvelle stratgie adaptive qui vise mieux suivre le processus de lalgorithme. Des expriences numriques sur des exemples de problmes stochastiques linaires multi-tapes suggrent que la plupart des techniques existantes peuvent prsenter une convergence prmature une solution sous-optimale ou converger vers la solution optimale, mais avec un taux trs lent. En revanche, la nouvelle stratgie parat robuste et efficace. Elle a converg vers loptimalit dans toutes nos expriences et a t la plus rapide dans la plupart des cas. Pour la question de la manipulation du terme quadratique, nous faisons une revue des techniques existantes et nous proposons lide de remplacer le terme quadratique par un terme linaire. Bien que quil nous reste encore tester notre mthode, nous avons lintuition quelle rduira certaines difficults numriques et thoriques de la mthode de recouvrement progressif.
Development of new scenario decomposition techniques for linear and nonlinear stochastic programming
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Une approche classique pour traiter les problmes doptimisation avec incertitude deux- et multi-tapes est dutiliser lanalyse par scnario. Pour ce faire, lincertitude de certaines donnes du problme est modlise par vecteurs alatoires avec des supports finis spcifiques aux tapes. Chacune de ces ralisations reprsente un scnario. En utilisant des scnarios, il est possible dtudier des versions plus simples (sous-problmes) du problme original. Comme technique de dcomposition par scnario, lalgorithme de recouvrement progressif est une des mthodes les plus populaires pour rsoudre les problmes de programmation stochastique multi-tapes. Malgr la dcomposition complte par scnario, lefficacit de la mthode du recouvrement progressif est trs sensible certains aspects pratiques, tels que le choix du paramtre de pnalisation et la manipulation du terme quadratique dans la fonction objectif du lagrangien augment. Pour le choix du paramtre de pnalisation, nous examinons quelques-unes des mthodes populaires, et nous proposons une nouvelle stratgie adaptive qui vise mieux suivre le processus de lalgorithme. Des expriences numriques sur des exemples de problmes stochastiques linaires multi-tapes suggrent que la plupart des techniques existantes peuvent prsenter une convergence prmature une solution sous-optimale ou converger vers la solution optimale, mais avec un taux trs lent. En revanche, la nouvelle stratgie parat robuste et efficace. Elle a converg vers loptimalit dans toutes nos expriences et a t la plus rapide dans la plupart des cas. Pour la question de la manipulation du terme quadratique, nous faisons une revue des techniques existantes et nous proposons lide de remplacer le terme quadratique par un terme linaire. Bien que quil nous reste encore tester notre mthode, nous avons lintuition quelle rduira certaines difficults numriques et thoriques de la mthode de recouvrement progressif.
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If marine management policies and actions are to achieve long-term sustainable use and management of the marine environment and its resources, they need to be informed by data giving the spatial distribution of seafloor habitats over large areas. Broad-scale seafloor habitat mapping is an approachwhich has the benefit of producing maps covering large extents at a reasonable cost. This approach was first investigated by Roff et al. (2003), who, acknowledging that benthic communities are strongly influenced by the physical characteristics of the seafloor, proposed overlaying mapped physical variables using a geographic information system (GIS) to produce an integrated map of the physical characteristics of the seafloor. In Europe the method was adapted to the marine section of the EUNIS (European Nature Information System) classification of habitat types under the MESH project, andwas applied at an operational level in 2011 under the EUSeaMap project. The present study compiled GIS layers for fundamental physical parameters in the northeast Atlantic, including (i) bathymetry, (ii) substrate type, (iii) light penetration depth and (iv) exposure to near-seafloor currents andwave action. Based on analyses of biological occurrences, significant thresholds were fine-tuned for each of the abiotic layers and later used in multi-criteria raster algebra for the integration of the layers into a seafloor habitat map. The final result was a harmonised broad-scale seafloor habitat map with a 250 m pixel size covering four extensive areas, i.e. Ireland, the Bay of Biscay, the Iberian Peninsula and the Azores. The map provided the first comprehensive perception of habitat spatial distribution for the Iberian Peninsula and the Azores, and fed into the initiative for a pan- European map initiated by the EUSeaMap project for Baltic, North, Celtic and Mediterranean seas.
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ste estudio describe la dinmica del sistema complejo emergente de la salud pblica ambiental y su aplicacin en el distrito capital, mediante la medicin, ajuste, anlisis y comparacin de actividades y resultados en salud, obtenidos por el componente territorios ambientalmente saludables, en el rea de mortalidad infantil asociada a EDA, IRA y neumona, del proyecto Salud para el Buen Vivir ejecutado en el ao 2013. De igual manera realiza aportes, mediante los cuales se proponen alternativas de solucin que, por medio de la focalizacin poblacional, buscan superar las restricciones del sistema en pro del mejoramiento y el avance en la utilizacin de los recursos pblicos de la salud ambiental.
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The exploitation of hydrocarbon reservoirs by the oil and gas industries represents one of the most relevant and concerning anthropic stressor in various marine areas worldwide and the presence of extractive structures can have severe consequences on the marine environment. Environmental monitoring surveys are carried out to monitor the effects and impacts of offshore energy facilities. Macrobenthic communities, inhabiting the soft-bottom, represent a key component of these surveys given their great responsiveness to natural and anthropic changes. A comprehensive collection of monitoring data from four Italian seas was used to investigate distributional pattern of macrozoobenthos assemblages confirming a high spatial variability in relation to the environmental variables analyzed. Since these datasets could represent a powerful tool for the industrial and scientific research, the steps and standardized procedures needed to obtain robust and comparable high-quality data were investigated and outlined. Over recent years, decommissioning of old platforms is a growing topic in this sector, involving many actors in the various decision-making processes. A Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, specific for the Adriatic Sea, was developed to investigate the impacts of decommissioning of a gas platform on environmental and socio-economic aspects, to select the best decommissioning scenario. From the scenarios studied, the most impacting one has resulted to be total removal, affecting all the faunal component considered in the study. Currently, the European nations are increasing the production of energy from offshore wind farms with an exponential expansion. A comparative study of methodologies used five countries of the North Sea countries was carried out to investigate the best approaches to monitor the effects of wind farms on the benthic communities. In the foreseeable future, collaboration between industry, scientific communities, national and international policies are needed to gain knowledge concerning the effects of these industrial activities on the ecological status of the ecosystems.
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"February 1980."
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The aim of this clinical study was to determine the efficacy of Uncaria tomentosa (cat's claw) against denture stomatitis (DS). Fifty patients with DS were randomly assigned into 3 groups to receive 2% miconazole, placebo, or 2% U tomentosa gel. DS level was recorded immediately, after 1 week of treatment, and 1 week after treatment. The clinical effectiveness of each treatment was measured using Newton's criteria. Mycologic samples from palatal mucosa and prosthesis were obtained to determinate colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and fungal identification at each evaluation period. Candida species were identified with HiCrome Candida and API 20C AUX biochemical test. DS severity decreased in all groups (P < .05). A significant reduction in number of CFU/mL after 1 week (P < .05) was observed for all groups and remained after 14 days (P > .05). C albicans was the most prevalent microorganism before treatment, followed by C tropicalis, C glabrata, and C krusei, regardless of the group and time evaluated. U tomentosa gel had the same effect as 2% miconazole gel. U tomentosa gel is an effective topical adjuvant treatment for denture stomatitis.
Coronary CT angiography using 64 detector rows: methods and design of the multi-centre trial CORE-64
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Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) for the noninvasive detection of coronary artery stenoses is a promising candidate for widespread clinical application because of its non-invasive nature and high sensitivity and negative predictive value as found in several previous studies using 16 to 64 simultaneous detector rows. A multi-centre study of CT coronary angiography using 16 simultaneous detector rows has shown that 16-slice CT is limited by a high number of nondiagnostic cases and a high false-positive rate. A recent meta-analysis indicated a significant interaction between the size of the study sample and the diagnostic odds ratios suggestive of small study bias, highlighting the importance of evaluating MSCT using 64 simultaneous detector rows in a multi-centre approach with a larger sample size. In this manuscript we detail the objectives and methods of the prospective ""CORE-64"" trial (""Coronary Evaluation Using Multidetector Spiral Computed Tomography Angiography using 64 Detectors""). This multi-centre trial was unique in that it assessed the diagnostic performance of 64-slice CT coronary angiography in nine centres worldwide in comparison to conventional coronary angiography. In conclusion, the multi-centre, multi-institutional and multi-continental trial CORE-64 has great potential to ultimately assess the per-patient diagnostic performance of coronary CT angiography using 64 simultaneous detector rows.
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In the context of this dissertation several studies were developed resulting in submission and publication Evaluation of mechanical soft-abrasive blasting and chemical cleaning methods on alkyd-paint graffiti made on calcareous stones to Journal of Cultural Heritage. (http://dx.doi.org/10.101 /j.culher.2014.10.004)
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PURPOSE: To evaluate left ventricular mass (LVM) index in hypertensive and normotensive obese individuals. METHODS: Using M mode echocardiography, 544 essential hypertensive and 106 normotensive patients were evaluated, and LVM was indexed for body surface area (LVM/BSA) and for height (LVM/h). The 2 indexes were then compared in both populations, in subgroups stratified according to body mass index (BMI): <27; 27-30; > or = 30kg/m. RESULTS: The BSA index does not allow identification of significant differences between BMI subgroups. Indexing by height provides significantly increased values for high BMI subgroups in normotensive and hypertensive populations. CONCLUSION: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been underestimated in the obese with the use of LVM/BSA because this index considers obesity as a physiological variable. Indexing by height allows differences between BMI subgroups to become apparent and seems to be more appropriate for detecting LVH in obese populations.
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INTRODUCTION: PFAPA syndrome is characterized by periodic fever, associated with pharyngitis, cervical adenitis and/or aphthous stomatitis and belongs to the auto-inflammatory diseases. Diagnostic criteria are based on clinical features and the exclusion of other periodic fever syndromes. An analysis of a large cohort of patients has shown weaknesses for these criteria and there is a lack of international consensus. An International Conference was held in Morges in November 2008 to propose a new set of classification criteria based on a consensus among experts in the field.OBJECTIVE: We aimed to verify the applicability of the new set of classification criteria.PATIENTS & METHODS: 80 patients diagnosed with PFAPA syndrome from 3 centers (Genoa, Lausanne and Geneva) for pediatric rheumatology were included in the study. A detailed description of the clinical and laboratory features was obtained. The new classification criteria and the actual diagnostic criteria were applied to the patients.RESULTS: Only 40/80 patients (50%) fulfilled all criteria of the new classification. 31 patients were excluded because they didn't meet one of the 7 diagnostic criteria, 7 because of 2 criteria, and one because of 3 criteria. When we applied the current criteria to the same patients, 11/80 patients (13.7%) needed to be excluded. 8/80 patients (10%) were excluded from both sets. Exclusion was related only to some of the criteria. Number of patients for each not fulfilled criterion (new set of criteria/actual criteria): age (1/6), symptoms between episodes (2/2), delayed growth (4/1), main symptoms (21/0), periodicity, length of fever, interval between episodes, and length of disease (20/0). The application of some of the new criteria was not easy, as they were both very restrictive and needed precise information from the patients.CONCLUSION: Our work has shown that the new set of classification criteria can be applied to patients suspected for PFAPA syndrome, but it seems to be more restrictive than the actual diagnostic criteria. A further work of validation needs to be done in order to determine if this new set of classification criteria allow a good discrimination between PFAPA patients and other causes of recurrent fever syndromes.
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Purpose: Extension of retinoblastoma cells anterior to the vitreous surface is a criteria used to categorize retinoblastomas in Group E. In some cases, the assessment of anterior chamber invasion is readily visible by slit lamp examination, but in other cases, invasion of the posterior chamber is clinically difficult to determinate. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) allows high-resolution images of the anterior segment and structures normally hidden from clinical visualization such as ciliary body, zonule or posterior chamber. This prompted us to evaluate the value of UBM in the assessment of posterior and anterior chamber involvement in patients with peripheral extending retinoblastomas. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all retinoblastoma cases that underwent enucleation in our institution from 1.1996 till 12.2009 in which UBM ( 35-MHz or 50-MHz) evaluation was available. The UBM results were compared with the histopathological data. Results: From 1.1996 till 12.2009, 146 enucleations were performed in our institution. UBM information was available in 18 cases. There were 8 males and 10 females. The mean age was 4 years old. UBM allowed correct assessement of posterior chamber invasion in 15 cases (13 cases with retinoblastoma in the posterior chamber and 2 cases without retinoblastoma in the posterior chamber). There was a significant correlation between the presence of retinoblastoma cells in the posterior chamber detected by UBM and the histopathological confirmation of posterior chamber involvement (p=0,0008). The sensitivity of UBM in the assessment of posterior chamber invasion by retinoblastoma was 81% and the specificity 100%. UBM allowed correct assessment of anterior chamber invasion in 13 cases. The sensitivity of UBM for this purpose was 50% and the specificity 60 %. Conclusions: In selected cases of advanced retinoblastoma, UBM appears to represent a valuable tool in the evaluation of the precise extension of the disease. Although our series encompasses only a limited number of cases, the sensitivity and specificity of UBM in the assessment of retinoblastoma anterior extension is interesting. Further prospective multi-centered clinical studies would be necessary to better delineate the utility of this method in the precise categorization of retinoblastoma anterior extension
