Rendimento de grãos de milho cultivado após aveia-preta em resposta a adubação nitrogenada e regime hídrico

O rendimento de grãos de milho é influenciado pela disponibilidade de nitrogênio (N) no solo durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento da planta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada em pré-semeadura e do regime hídrico no rendimento de grãos e nos componentes de rendimento em cultivo de milho sob semeadura direta após aveia-preta. O experimento foi conduzido em Eldorado do Sul, RS, no ano agrícola de 1998/99. Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação de um nível de irrigação adequado às exigências da cultura, e outro, com excesso hídrico; e de sete sistemas de aplicação de N em milho: 0-30-150, 150-30-0, 75-30-75, 0-30-60, 60-30-0, 30-30-30 e 0-30-0, correspondendo, respectivamente, às quantidades de N (kg ha-1) aplicadas em pré-semeadura (no momento de dessecação da aveia-preta), na semeadura e em cobertura do milho. Com a antecipação da aplicação de N da cobertura para a época de pré-semeadura, o rendimento de grãos de milho foi menor em relação ao obtido com a aplicação na época convencional, principalmente sob alta disponibilidade hídrica e com elevada dose de adubação nitrogenada. O componente mais associado ao rendimento de grãos de milho foi o número de grãos por espiga.

Experimental investigation of the initial regime in fingering electrodeposition: Dispersion relation and velocity measurements.

Recently a fingering morphology, resembling the hydrodynamic Saffman-Taylor instability, was identified in the quasi-two-dimensional electrodeposition of copper. We present here measurements of the dispersion relation of the growing front. The instability is accompanied by gravity-driven convection rolls at the electrodes, which are examined using particle image velocimetry. While at the anode the theory presented by Chazalviel et al. [J. Electroanal. Chem. 407, 61 (1996)] describes the convection roll, the flow field at the cathode is more complicated because of the growing deposit. In particular, the analysis of the orientation of the velocity vectors reveals some lag of the development of the convection roll compared to the finger envelope.

Influence of silvicultural regime on wood structure characteristics and mechanical properties of clear wood in Pinus sylvestris

Abstract

Occasional adnominal idiom modification : a cognitive linguistic approach

abstract:occasional Adnominal Idiom Modification - A Cognitive Linguistic Approach From a cognitive-linguistic perspective, this paper explores alternative types of adnoniinal modification in occasional variants of English verbal idioms. Being discussed against data extracted from the British National Corpiis (BNC), the model claims that in idioni-production idiomatic constructions are activated as complex linguistic schemas to code a context-specific target-conceptualisation. Adnominal pre- and postmodifications are one specific form of creative alteration to adapt the idiom for this purpose. Semantically, idiom-interna1 NPextension is not a uniforni process. It is necessary to distinguish two systematic types of adnominal modification: external and internal modification (Ernst 1981). While external NPmodification has adverbial function, ¡.e. it modifies the idiom as a unit, internal modification directly applies to the head-noun and thus depends on the degree of motivation and analysability of a given idiom. Following the cognitive-linguistic framework, these dimensions of idiom-transparency result from the language user's ability to remotivate the bipartite semantic structure by conceptual metaphors and metonymies.

Reconstruction of the join time-delay Doppler-scale reflectivity density in the wide-band regime. A frame theory based approach

The inverse scattering problem concerning the determination of the joint time-delayDoppler-scale reflectivity density characterizing continuous target environments is addressed by recourse to the generalized frame theory. A reconstruction formula,involving the echoes of a frame of outgoing signals and its corresponding reciprocalframe, is developed. A ‘‘realistic’’ situation with respect to the transmission ofa finite number of signals is further considered. In such a case, our reconstruction formula is shown to yield the orthogonal projection of the reflectivity density onto a subspace generated by the transmitted signals.

NDA waveform estimation in the low-SNR regime

This correspondence addresses the problem of nondata-aidedwaveform estimation for digital communications. Based on the unconditionalmaximum likelihood criterion, the main contribution of this correspondenceis the derivation of a closed-form solution to the waveform estimationproblem in the low signal-to-noise ratio regime. The proposed estimationmethod is based on the second-order statistics of the received signaland a clear link is established between maximum likelihood estimation andcorrelation matching techniques. Compression with the signal-subspace isalso proposed to improve the robustness against the noise and to mitigatethe impact of abnormals or outliers.

Dynamics of Appropriability - Finding a Balance between Efficiency and Strength in the Appropriability Regime

Building and sustaining competitive advantage through the creation of market imperfections is challenging in a constantly changing business environment - particularly since the sources of such advantages are increasingly knowledge-based. Facilitated by improved networks and communication, knowledge spills over to competitors more easily than before,thus creating an appropriability problem: the inability of an innovating firm to utilize its innovations commercially. Consequently, as the importance of intellectual assets increases, their protection also calls for new approaches. Companies have various means of protection at their disposal, and by taking advantage of them they can make intangibles more non-transferable and prevent, or at leastdelay, imitation of their most crucial intellectual assets. However, creating barriers against imitation has another side to it, and the transfer of knowledge in situations requiring knowledge sharing may be unintentionally obstructed. Theaim of this thesis is to increase understanding of how firms can balance knowledge protection and sharing so as to benefit most from their knowledge assets. Thus, knowledge protection is approached through an examination of the appropriability regime of a firm, i.e., the combination of available and effective means ofprotecting innovations, their profitability, and the increased rents due to R&D. A further aim is to provide a broader understanding of the formation and structure of the appropriability regime. The study consists of two parts. The first part introduces the research topic and the overall results of the study, and the second part consists of six complementary research publications covering various appropriability issues. The thesis contributes to the existing literature in several ways. Although there is a wide range of prior research on appropriability issues, a lot of it is restricted either to the study of individual appropriability mechanisms, or to comparing certain features of them. These approaches are combined, and the relevant theoretical concepts are clarified and developed. In addition, the thesis provides empirical evidence of the formation of the appropriability regime, which is consequently presented as an adaptive process. Thus, a framework is provided that better corresponds to the complex reality of the current business environment.

MPRO-Spanish: development and experiments with a linguistic parser for Spanish texts

This paper describes the main features and present results of MPRO-Spanish, a parser for morphological and syntactic analysis of unrestricted Spanish text developed at the IAI1. This parser makes direct use of X-phrase structure rules to handle a variety of patterns from derivational morphology and syntactic structure. Both analyses, morphological and syntactic, are realised by two subsequent modules. One module analyses and disambiguates the source words at morphological level while the other consists of a series of programs and a deterministic, procedural and explicit grammar. The article explains the main features of MPRO and resumes some of the experiments on some of its applications, some of which still being implemented like the monolingual and bilingual term extraction while others need further work like indexing. The results and applications obtained so far with simple and relatively complex sentences give us grounds to believe in its reliability.

Composição da produção e qualidade da uva em videira cultivada sob dupla poda e regime microclimático estacional constrastante

Em São Paulo, destaca-se a viticultura como atividade familiar de caráter artesanal. Nas bacias de maior concentração atual da vitivinicultura, ocorre um período chuvoso que se estende de novembro a fevereiro, que alcança grande parte das variedades da região em fase de crescimento e maturação da baga, o que afeta negativamente a qualidade da uva e do vinho artesanal, na maioria das safras. Por outro lado, nas mesmas regiões, ocorre um período mais favorável, que é o outono/inverno com potencial de soma térmica adequado ao crescimento da videira e com incidência de um longo período de baixa pluviometria, entre os meses de abril e outubro. Um experimento foi conduzido em Jundiaí (SP), região de média altitude (700 m), com variedades de uvas híbridas e fina, no qual, objetivou-se estudar os impactos ecofisiológicos do cultivo da videira conduzida sob dupla poda, forçando-se a condução das plantas por quatro estações de cultivo sequenciais de verão e inverno; analisaram-se aspectos da ecofiosologia da cultura e a composição quali-quantitativa do rendimento. Os resultados mostram que a estação de outono-inverno apresenta condições mais favoráveis à maturação fenólica das bagas, com chuvas mais bem distribuídas e desconcentradas no período do estabelecimento do fruto à colheita. A uva colhida na estação de outono-inverno apresentou maiores índices de pigmentação fenólica em relação à estação de cultivo tradicional, sendo que o controle do nível de reservas da planta revelou influência da dupla poda sequencial sobre esta variável, o que inspira práticas de manejo específicas para este tipo de exploração da videira.