Insuficiência hepática aguda provocada por Amanita phalloides

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Hiperparatiroidismo secundário e compromisso neurológico, que relação? : apresentação de um caso de osteodistrofia renal

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Estudio de la enfermedad renal y la respuesta al tratamiento (antimoniales "versus" miltefosina) en perros con infección natural por "Leishmania infantum"

La leishmaniosis canina (Lcan) es una zoonosis en toda la Cuenca Mediterránea y está producida por un protozoo intracelular, Leishmania infantum, transmitido por especies del género Phlebotomus. La enfermedad se caracteriza por una presentación clínica heterogénea en la cual la lesión renal es, con frecuencia, la causa principal de mortalidad. La nefropatía asociada a Lcan se atribuye fundamentalmente al depósito intraglomerular de inmunocomplejos circulantes. La combinación de antimoniato de n-meglumina (antimoniales) con alopurinol se considera el tratamiento de primera línea en esta enfermedad, aunque algunos estudios han demostrado que la combinación de miltefosina y alopurinol tiene una eficacia similar. A pesar de ser considerado el tratamiento más eficaz, el uso de antimoniato se asocia a efectos adversos sobre la funcionalidad renal lo cual puede ocasionar complicaciones importantes en el manejo de estos pacientes. A ello se suma la escasa sensibilidad de las pruebas diagnósticas disponibles hasta ahora en la clínica veterinaria para poder establecer un diagnóstico precoz de lesión renal. Es decir, el propio tratamiento podría agravar una posible alteración en la funcionalidad renal en pacientes que ya la tuvieran alterada debido a la leishmaniosis. Los perros infectados y tratados, en la mayoría de los casos, no alcanzan la curación parasitológica y sufren recidivas después del tratamiento. Las técnicas habituales para valorar la respuesta al tratamiento son la evolución de la tasa de anticuerpos y la electroforesis de proteínas plasmáticas. La normalización de las proteínas plasmáticas ocurre en paralelo con la mejoría clínica, pudiéndose emplear como marcadores de respuesta al tratamiento; sin embargo, la serología parece menos útil, a corto plazo, porque el descenso del título de anticuerpos es más lento. Se ha postulado que otros parámetros laboratoriales, como las proteínas de fase aguda, pueden ser una buena opción como marcadores precoces de la enfermedad y también para la monitorización del tratamiento...

Retinopatia de Purtscher-like e pancreatite aguda

Retinopatia de Purtscher-like é uma baixa súbita da visão associada à imagem de múltiplas áreas branco-amareladas (manchas algodonosas) e hemorragias no pólo posterior de ambos os olhos. O exato mecanismo da injúria ainda não é claro, mas provavelmente seria de natureza embólica. Tem sido descrita em uma variedade de condições, incluindo pancreatite aguda, síndrome de embolia gordurosa, insuficiência renal,nascimento (parto e pós-parto), desordens do tecido conectivo, entre outras. Serão relatados três casos de pancreatite aguda confirmada pelos exames laboratoriais e história clínica, associadas a alterações no exame do fundo de olho, compatíveis com esta retinopatia

Tiempo de estancia prolongado en los pacientes ingresados por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda

Objetivo: Identificar los factores asociados al tiempo de estancia hospitalaria prolongado en pacientes ingresados/as por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda. Método: Estudio observacional de cohorte multipropósito que incluyó pacientes del registro EAHFE (Epidemiology Acute Heart Failure in Emergency) ingresados/as por insuficiencia cardiaca aguda en 25 hospitales españoles. Se recogieron variables demográficas y clínicas, el día y el lugar del ingreso. La variable resultado principal fue el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria mayor que la mediana. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2400 pacientes con una edad media de 79,5 (±9,9) años, de los cuales 1334 (55,6%) eran mujeres. Quinientos noventa (24,6%) ingresaron en la unidad de corta estancia (UCE), 606 (25,2%) en cardiología y 1204 (50,2%) en medicina interna o geriatría. La mediana del tiempo de estancia hospitalaria fue de 7,0 (intervalo intercuartílico: 4-11 días). Cincuenta y ocho (2,4%) pacientes fallecieron y 562 (23,9%) sufrieron un reingreso a los 30 días tras el alta. Los factores independientes asociados a un tiempo de estancia hospitalaria prolongado fueron la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, ser portador de un dispositivo, tener un factor precipitante desconocido o no común, la presencia en urgencias de insuficiencia renal, hiponatremia y anemia, no ingresar en una UCE o no disponer de dicha unidad e ingresar un lunes, martes o miércoles; y los asociados a un tiempo de estancia hospitalaria ≤7 días fueron la hipertensión arterial y tener como factor precipitante una crisis hipertensiva o la falta de adherencia al tratamiento. El área bajo la curva del modelo mixto ajustado al centro fue de 0,78 (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0,76-0,80; p <0,001). Conclusiones: Hay una serie de factores asociados con un tiempo de estancia hospitalaria prolongado que deben ser considerados para la gestión del proceso de la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda.

Retinopatia de Purtscher-like e pancreatite aguda

Retinopatia de Purtscher-like é uma baixa súbita da visão associada à imagem de múltiplas áreas branco-amareladas (manchas algodonosas) e hemorragias no pólo posterior de ambos os olhos. O exato mecanismo da injúria ainda não é claro, mas provavelmente seria de natureza embólica. Tem sido descrita em uma variedade de condições, incluindo pancreatite aguda, síndrome de embolia gordurosa, insuficiência renal,nascimento (parto e pós-parto), desordens do tecido conectivo, entre outras. Serão relatados três casos de pancreatite aguda confirmada pelos exames laboratoriais e história clínica, associadas a alterações no exame do fundo de olho, compatíveis com esta retinopatia

Lesão em bifurcação induzida endodonticamente: caso clínico

Um homem queixa-se de dor aguda espontânea e está com uma 'bolinha' na gengiva e sente sensibilidade ao calor.

Realização do cadastro e da estratificação de risco de pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e doença renal crônica

A hipertensão arterial crônica, o diabetes mellitus e a doença renal crônica figuram entre as morbidades crônicas mais prevalentes do mundo. Adicionalmente, todas configuram fatores de risco importantes para o desenvolvimento de complicações cardiovasculares, que são responsáveis por um elevado número de óbitos e por um alto gasto com a terapêutica aguda e crônica que essas complicações exigem. Por outro lado, com o acompanhamento e tratamento devido, esses fatores de risco modificáveis podem ter seu impacto reduzido e, então, prevenir a ocorrência dessas complicações. Assim, este trabalho objetivou elaborar um plano de ação para o cadastro e estratificação de risco dos pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doença renal crônica. Para tal, fez - se pesquisa na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e fundamentou-se, também, na Linha Guia do Estado de Minas Gerais. O plano se pautou no Método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional. Sabe-se que a estratificação de risco de condições crônicas busca guiar o acompanhamento ao fornecer um parâmetro objetivo de risco, baseado em escores já consagrados. No entanto, esses escores requerem vários dados e cálculos que poderiam inviabilizar seu uso na prática clínica diária. Dessa maneira, o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo voltado para dispositivos portáteis se justifica, uma vez que facilitaria o uso da estratificação ao automatizá-la. Adicionalmente, esse mesmo aplicativo poderia ser utilizado por outros membros da equipe, aumentando o número de profissionais capacitados a realizar a estratificação de risco. Por fim, como é voltado para dispositivos móveis, o aplicativo dispensa a necessidade de computadores pessoais no consultório, que ainda não são uma realidade da maioria das Unidades de Atenção Primária em Saúde (UAPS) de Minas Gerais, e permite o uso nas visitas domiciliares, inclusive.

Urinary Tract Infection In Renal Transplant Recipients: Incidence, Risk Factors, And Impact On Graft Function.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection posttransplant. However, the risk factors for and the impact of UTIs remain controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of posttransplant UTIs in a series of renal transplant recipients from deceased donors. Secondary objectives were to identify: (1) the most frequent infectious agents; (2) risk factors related to donor; (3) risk factors related to recipients; and (4) impact of UTI on graft function. This was a retrospective analysis of medical records from renal transplant patients from January to December 2010. Local ethics committee approved the protocol. The incidence of UTI in this series was 34.2%. Risk factors for UTI were older age, (independent of gender), biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes, and kidneys from deceased donors (United Network for Organ Sharing criteria). For female patients, the number of pretransplant pregnancies was an additional risk factor. Recurrent UTI was observed in 44% of patients from the UTI group. The most common infectious agents were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, for both isolated and recurrent UTI. No difference in renal graft function or immunosuppressive therapy was observed between groups after the 1-year follow-up. In this series, older age, previous pregnancy, kidneys from expanded criteria donors, and biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes were risk factors for posttransplant UTI. Recurrence of UTI was observed in 44%, with no negative impact on graft function or survival.

Guidelines On The Treatment Of Anemia Of Chronic Renal Failure Using Recombinant Human Erythropoietin: Associação Brasileira De Hematologia, Hemoterapia E Terapia Celular Guidelines Project: Associação Médica Brasileira - 2014.

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[renal Tumors: The International Society Of Urologic Pathology (isup) 2012 Consensus Conference Recommendations].

During the last 30 years many advances have been made in kidney tumor pathology. In 1981, 9 entities were recognized in the WHO Classification. In the latest classification of 2004, 50 different types have been recognized. Additional tumor entities have been described since and a wide variety of prognostic parameters have been investigated with variable success; however, much attention has centered upon the importance of features relating to both stage and grade. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) recommends after consensus conferences the development of reporting guidelines, which have been adopted worldwide ISUP undertook to review all aspects of the pathology of adult renal malignancy through an international consensus conference to be held in 2012. As in the past, participation in this consensus conference was restricted to acknowledged experts in the field.

Antitumor Activity Of Irradiated Riboflavin On Human Renal Carcinoma Cell Line 786-o.

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a precursor for coenzymes involved in energy production, biosynthesis, detoxification, and electron scavenging. Previously, we demonstrated that irradiated riboflavin (IR) has potential antitumoral effects against human leukemia cells (HL60), human prostate cancer cells (PC3), and mouse melanoma cells (B16F10) through a common mechanism that leads to apoptosis. Hence, we here investigated the effect of IR on 786-O cells, a known model cell line for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), which is characterized by high-risk metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. IR also induced cell death in 786-O cells by apoptosis, which was not prevented by antioxidant agents. IR treatment was characterized by downregulation of Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)/Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) (FasL/Fas) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a (TNFR1)/TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain (TRADD)/TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF) signaling pathways (the extrinsic apoptosis pathway), while the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was upregulated, as observed by an elevated Bcl-2 associated x protein/B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio, reduced cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (c-IAP1) expression, and increased expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). The observed cell death was caspase-dependent as proven by caspase 3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) cleavage. IR-induced cell death was also associated with downregulation of v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homologue (avian)/protein serine/threonine kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Src/AKT/ERK1/2) pathway and activation of p38 MAP kinase (p38) and Jun-amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Interestingly, IR treatment leads to inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity and reduced expression of renal cancer aggressiveness markers caveolin-1, low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase (LMWPTP), and kinase insert domain receptor (a type III receptor tyrosine kinase) (VEGFR-2). Together, these results show the potential of IR for treating cancer.

Ressonância magnética e características clínicas em adultos com doenças desmielinizantes monofásicas: encefalomielite aguda disseminada ou uma variante da esclerose múltipla?

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a widespread monophasic inflamatory disease affecting the central nervous system, that usually follows an infection or vaccination. In this study, we present an analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and clinical aspects in four patients with clinical diagnosis of ADEM. The presence of MRI demyelinating lesions was crucial, but not in itself sufficient for definitive diagnosis. Clinical and MRI follow up, in order to exclude new lesions and to reevaluate the former ones, as well as CSF, were important for the differential diagnosis with other demyelinating diseases, particularly multiple sclerosis. In addition, we have shown that early treatment with methylprednisolone after the initial symptoms was effective for improving clinical manifestations as well as for reducing MRI lesions.

Relação dose-dependente do uso crônico de fenitoína e atrofia cerebelar em pacientes com epilepsia

The chronic treatment with phenytoin or the acute intoxication by this drug may cause permanent cerebellar injury with atrophy of cerebellum vermis and hemispheres, which can be detected by neuroimaging studies. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the dosage and duration of treatment with phenytoin and the occurrence of cerebellar atrophy. Sixty-six patients were studied and had their tomographies analyzed for cerebellar atrophy. Of the 66 patients studied, 18 had moderate/severe atrophy, 15 had mild atrophy and 33 were considered to be normal. The patients with moderate/severe atrophy were those with higher exposure to phenytoin (longer duration of treatment and higher total dosage) showing statistically significant difference when compared to patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p=0.02). Further, the patients with moderate/severe atrophy had serum levels of phenytoin statistically higher than those of patients with mild atrophy or without atrophy (p = 0.008). There was no association between other antiepileptic drugs dosage or duration of treatment and degree of cerebellar atrophy. We also found that older patients had cerebellar atrophy more frequently, indicating that age or duration of the seizure disorder may also be important in the determination of cerebellar degeneration in these patients. We conclude that although there is a possibility that repeated seizures contribute to cerebellar damage, long term exposure to phenytoin, particularly in high doses and toxic serum levels, cause cerebellar atrophy.

Orbital apex syndrome due to aspergillosis: case report

We report the case of a 73-year-old female who presented facial numbness and pain in the first division of the trigeminal nerve, ptosis, diplopia and visual loss on the right side for the previous four months. The neurological, radiological and histological examination demonstrated a rare case of invasive fungal aspergillosis of the central nervous system, causing orbital apex syndrome, later transformed in temporal brain abscess. She died ten months later due to respiratory and renal failure in spite of specific antimycotic therapy.