Negative modulation of human osteoclastogenesis by antiepileptic drugs

Bone is constantly being molded and shaped by the action of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. A proper equilibrium between both cell types metabolic activities is required to ensure an adequate skeletal tissue structure, and it involves resorption of old bone and formation of new bone tissue. It is reported that treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can elicit alterations in skeletal structure, in particular in bone mineral density. Nevertheless, the knowledge regarding the effects of AEDs on bone cells are still scarce, particularly on osteoclastic behaviour. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of five different AEDs on human osteoclastic cells. Osteoclastic cell cultures were established from precursor cells isolated from human peripheral blood, and were maintained in the absence (control) or in the presence of 10-8-10-4 M of different AEDs (valproate, carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine and topiramate). Cell cultures were characterized throughout a 21-day period for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, number of TRAP+ multinucleated cells, presence of cells with actin rings and expressing vitronectin and calcitonin receptors, and apoptosis rate. Also, the involvement of several signaling pathways on the cellular response was addressed. All the tested drugs were able to affect osteoclastic cell development, although with different profiles on their osteoclastogenic modulation properties. Globally, the tendency was to inhibit the process. Furthermore, the signaling pathways involved in the process also seemed to be differentially affected by the AEDs, suggesting that the different drugs may affect osteoclastogenesis through different mechanisms. In conclusion, the present study showed that the different AEDs had the ability to negatively modulate the osteoclastogenesis process, shedding new light towards a better understanding of how these drugs can affect bone tissue.

Binocular vision and reading ability in a Portuguese population of school age children

Preventable visual loss caused by amblyopia (2 to 4%) and its risk factors such as strabismus (3%) and uncorrected refractive errors (5 to 7%) represent an important public health problem. Children with binocular vision anomalies could be at disadvantage in reading and writing. Objectives: (1) Describe binocular vision measures in children of school age; and (2) Describe the impact of abnormal binocular vision on reading ability (reading errors and reading speed).

Programa Científico da Igreja dos Franciscanos da Ribeira Grande

Este Relatório compreende o texto de suporte para a Musealização da Igreja dos Franciscanos da cidade da Ribeira Grande (Açores), fundada em meados do século XVII. O Museu foi inaugurado a 14 de fevereiro de 2013, com núcleos alusivos à história do Franciscanismo nas ilhas açorianas, à Igreja invocada a Nª Srª da Guadalupe e à Ordem Terceira dos Franciscanos.

SiC Multilayer Structures as Light Controlled Photonic Active Filters

Tunable wavelength division multiplexing converters based on amorphous SiC multilayer photonic active filters are analyzed. The configuration includes two stacked p-i-n structures (p(a-SiC:H)-i'(a-SiC:H)-n(a-SiC:H)-p(a-SiC:H)-i(a-Si:H)-n(a-Si:H)) sandwiched between two transparent contacts. The manipulation of the magnitude is achieved through appropriated front and back backgrounds. Transfer function characteristics are studied both theoretically and experimentally. An algorithm to decode the multiplex signal is established. An optoelectronic model supports the optoelectronic logic architecture. Results show that the light-activated device combines the demultiplexing operation with the simultaneous photodetection and self-amplification of an optical signal. The output waveform presents a nonlinear amplitude-dependent response to the wavelengths of the input channels. Depending on the wavelength of the external background and irradiation side, it acts either as a short- or a long-pass band filter or as a band-stop filter. A two-stage active circuit is presented and gives insight into the physics of the device.

Detection of FRET signals with a wavelength sensitive device based on a-SiC:H

Glucose sensing is an issue with great interest in medical and biological applications. One possible approach to glucose detection takes advantage of measuring changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a fluorescent donor and an acceptor within a protein which undergoes glucose-induced changes in conformation. This demands the detection of fluorescent signals in the visible spectrum. In this paper we analyzed the emission spectrum obtained from fluorescent labels attached to a protein which changes its conformation in the presence of glucose using a commercial spectrofluorometer. Different glucose nanosensors were used to measure the output spectra with fluorescent signals located at the cyan and yellow bands of the spectrum. A new device is presented based on multilayered a-SiC:H heterostructures to detect identical transient visible signals. The transducer consists of a p-i'(a-SiC:H)-n/p-i(a-Si:H)-n heterostructure optimized for the detection of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer between fluorophores with excitation in the violet (400 nm) and emissions in the cyan (470 nm) and yellow (588 nm) range of the spectrum. Results show that the device photocurrent signal measured under reverse bias and using appropriate steady state optical bias, allows the separate detection of the cyan and yellow fluorescence signals. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A experiência da unidade autónoma de gestão de cirurgia do Centro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E modelos de gestão intermédia hospitalar

As organizações de saúde são muito particulares devido à sua missão, aos recursos que mobilizam, aos processos que dinamizam, à produção que realizam e ainda à envolvente externa onde se inserem (Reis, 2007). Os sucessivos esforços que têm sido utilizados na reforma na saúde, sobretudo a partir de 1988, têm sido uma constante da agenda política na tentativa de aumentar a eficiência dos serviços prestados, a efetividade dos resultados e a responsabilidade dos profissionais. A empresarialização do Hospital de São João operada a partir de 2006, com a publicação do Dec.Lei 233/05 de 29 de Dezembro, tornou como imperativo estratégico a alteração profunda do modelo de gestão até então praticado. Este era caracterizado por uma forte componente administrativa, de cariz burocrática, e sob ponto de vista económico assentava em sucessivos deficits e no permanente aumento e descontrolo da despesa. Tomando como pressuposto que a única via de modificar esse padrão passava entre outras medidas pela efetivação de uma gestão descentralizada, vieram a ser criadas seis estruturas intermédias de gestão designadas por “Unidades Autónomas de Gestão”. Estas tinham como objetivo aumentar o valor em saúde, melhorar a gestão dos serviços clínicos, potenciando desse modo a qualidade e efetividade dos cuidados prestados, bem como a eficiência dos recursos utilizados. Neste sentido, o propósito deste trabalho centra-se em demonstrar que a implementação de um modelo de gestão descentralizado como é o caso da Unidade Autónoma de Gestão de Cirurgia, doravante designada por UAGC, constituiu uma opção gestionária eficaz e altamente promissora na governação clínica, desmistificando o mito da “ingovernabilidade dos hospitais centrais” como era apanágio do Hospital S. João. Cremos que a descentralização da gestão enquanto forma de reengenharia da organização interna dos hospitais constitui um importante instrumento no sentido de orientar e motivar o comportamento dos gestores (sejam eles clínicos ou não) para o cumprimento dos objetivos institucionais, através da implementação de políticas de desconcentração de poderes, competências e responsabilidades. Embora existam outros modelos de organização ao nível da gestão intermédia, na verdade, a implementação destas estruturas descentralizadas traduziu-se numa inegável mais valia organizativa e gestionária do CHSJ. como os indicadores de desempenho mais à frente tentarão demonstrar. Temos consciência que este modelo está longe de ser perfeito, e que por vezes não é corretamente entendido pelos profissionais, que o encaram como uma necessidade de cariz exclusivamente económica. Porém o caminho já percorrido pela UAGC ao longo destes 5 anos permite-nos afirmar que é possível “fazer mais” com “os mesmos recursos”, desde que exista uma clara estratégia de ação suportada em programas concretos e exequíveis, praticados num clima social participado e responsabilizante.

Optical demultiplexer based on an a-SiC:H voltage controlled device

In this paper we present results on the use of a semiconductor heterostructure based on a-SiC:H as a wavelength-division demultiplexer for the visible light spectrum. The proposed device is composed of two stacked p-i-n photodiodes with intrinsic absorber regions adjusted to short and long wavelength absorption and carrier collection. An optoelectronic characterisation of the device was performed in the visible spectrum. Demonstration of the device functionality for WDM applications was done with three different input channels covering the long, the medium and the short wavelengths in the visible range. The recovery of the input channels is explained using the photocurrent spectral dependence on the applied voltage. An electrical model of the WDM device is proposed and supported by the solution of the respective circuit equations. Short range optical communications constitute the major application field however other applications are foreseen. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Optical processing devices based on a-SiCH multilayer architectures

Red, green and blue optical signals were directed to an a-SiC:H multilayered device, each one with a specific transmission rate. The combined optical signal was analyzed by reading out, under different applied voltages, the generated photocurrent. Results show that when a chromatic time dependent wavelength combination with different transmission rates irradiates the multilayered structure, the device operates as a tunable wavelength filter and can be used in wavelength division multiplexing systems for short range communications. An application to fluorescent proteins detection is presented. (C) 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Contributo para o conhecimento dos problemas fitossanitários em diferentes espécies de cameleiras (Caméllia L.) na Ilha de São Miguel

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Agronómica, 16 de Junho de 2014, Universidade dos Açores.

Melhoria do processo com recurso a metodologia Kaizen

Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores

a-SiCH Based Devices as Optical Demultiplexers

In this paper we present results on the use of a multilayered a-SiC:H heterostructure as a wavelength-division demultiplexing device (WDM) for the visible light spectrum. The WDM device is a glass/ITO/a-SiC:H (p-i-n)/ a-SiC:H(-p) /Si:H(-i)/SiC:H (-n)/ITO heterostructure in which the generated photocurrent at different values of the applied bias can be assigned to the different optical signals. The device was characterized through spectral response measurements, under different electrical bias. Demonstration of the device functionality for WDM applications was done with three different input channels covering wavelengths within the visible range. The recovery of the input channels is explained using the photocurrent spectral dependence on the applied voltage. The influence of the optical power density was also analysed. An electrical model, supported by a numerical simulation explains the device operation. Short range optical communications constitute the major application field, however other applications are also foreseen.

Direct Color Sensor, Optical Amplifier and Demux Device Integrated on a Single Monolithic SiC Photodetector

A pi'n/pin a-SiC:H voltage and optical bias controlled device is presented and its behavior as image and color sensor, optical amplifier and demux device is discussed. The design and the light source properties are correlated with the sensor output characteristics. Different readout techniques are used. When a low power monochromatic scanner readout the generated carriers the transducer recognizes a color pattern projected on it acting as a direct color and image sensor. Scan speeds up to 10(4) lines per second are achieved without degradation in the resolution. If the photocurrent generated by different monochromatic pulsed channels is readout directly, the information is demultiplexed. Results show that it is possible to decode the information from three simultaneous color channels without bit errors at bit rates per channel higher than 4000 bps. Finally, when triggered by light of appropriated wavelength, it can amplify or suppress the generated photocurrent working as an optical amplifier (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd.