Melhoria da Atenção Às Pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus, na UBS/ESF Floresta, Bagé/RS

A atenção das pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus deve estar alicerçada na integralidade do cuidado e permeada em todos os encontros na promoção, prevenção e diminuição de agravos para pessoas com essas doenças, e entrelaçada na humanização como política ética.Durante o curso de especialização foi possível verificar as ações programáticas da Unidade Básica de Saúde Floresta em Bagé/RS e percebeu-se a fragilidade da atenção das pessoas com essas doençascrônicasnãotransmissíveis. Nesta perspectiva foi realizado um projeto de intervenção, com o objetivo de melhorar a atenção às pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus na ESF Floresta. A intervenção ocorreu no período de três meses desde 26 de novembro de 2015 até 22 de fevereiro de 2016 e foi embasada em quatro eixos pedagógicos: monitoramento e avaliação, engajamento público, organização e gestão do serviço e qualificação da prática clínica, cada eixo com ações especificas. Os resultados com a intervenção são notórios, a ampliação da cobertura da atenção a Hipertensão que antes da intervenção era de 12%(207) de cadastrados na ESF passou no final da intervenção para 49,7%(302). E na atenção as pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus era de 21%(107)das pessoas cadastradas durante o ano, e foi ampliada para 41,3%(136); a população estimada em nossa área com Hipertensão Arterial é 608 e de diabetes 150 pessoas, segundo estimativa do Ministério da Saúde. Nossa UBS conta com cobertura de ACS só em duas micros áreas, temos 2 ACS de 6 que precisamos. A qualificação do cuidado foi melhorada quanto ao registro dos dados, na realização de procedimentos e/ou ações para 100%, conforme preconizado pelo protocolo. A intervenção na atenção as pessoas com Hipertensão e Diabetes Mellitus possibilitou a visibilidade dessas pessoas na ESF, até então desapercebida mesmo acessando o serviço. Precisamos ainda fortalecer o engajamento público, as ações em educação, e a prioridade dos atendimentos dessas pessoas, ações estas que serão ainda mais efetivas com a incorporação da intervenção na rotina da ESF.

Melhoria na Prevenção do Câncer de Colo de Útero e Controle do Câncer de Mama na ESF Arvorezinha, Bagé/RS

Resumo Abreu, Moya Elaynes. Melhoria da Detecção e Prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e câncer de Mama na ESF Arvorezinha, Bagé/RS. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. O problema do câncer no Brasil ganha relevância pelo perfil epidemiológico que essa doença vem apresentando nos últimos tempos, o câncer de mama é o tipo mais freqüente de câncer no mundo, e o mais comum entre as mulheres. No Brasil, as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de mama continuam elevadas, muito provavelmente porque a doença ainda é diagnosticada em estádios avançados. Na população mundial, a sobrevida média após cinco anos é de 61%. Ele é seguido pelo câncer de colo de útero, o segundo que mais aparece na população feminina, e, com isso, o tema conquista espaço em na atenção primaria de saúde, nas agendas políticas e técnicas de todas as esferas de governo porque constitui a quarta causa de morte de mulheres por câncer no Brasil. É muito importante a superação e preparação do profissional da saúde para melhorar a detecção de Câncer de Colo de Útero e de Mama na unidade de saúde como estratégia no contexto da atenção primária á saúde. Este projeto foi estruturado para ser desenvolvido no período de 12 semanas na (ESF) Arvorezinha, no Município de Bagé/ RS. A cobertura inicial é de 726 mulheres para uma meta de cobertura estabelecida do 50%. Participaram da intervenção um total de 382 mulheres; 256 mulheres para a detecção do câncer de colo de útero dentro da faixa etária de 24-64 anos alcançando no final da intervenção 16,8% e de 126 mulheres para o câncer de mama entre 50-69 anos de idade 22,8%. A ação programática é importante em qualquer contexto da atenção primária á saúde e para nosso trabalho, já que se tem buscado a geração de métodos e processo do trabalho mais realistas e criativos, contemplando uma melhor utilização. O amplo acesso da população a informações claras, consistentes e culturalmente apropriadas a cada território deve ser uma iniciativa dos serviços de saúde em todos os níveis do atendimento. Na ESF a intervenção permitiu desenvolver ações de informação e comunicação , o planejamento das atividades, o que pode salvar vidas. Se analisarmos a situação que se foi desenvolvendo na unidade de saúde, nós percebemos que se podia identificar problemas na prática educativa, pouca percepção do risco como fator fundamental, pouca preocupação com o desenvolvimento de habilidades para reflexão crítica. Todo ato educativo obedece a determinados fins e propósitos de desenvolvimento social e econômico e em consequência responde a determinados interesses sociais, neste caso preservar a saúde e a vida da mulher Fazendo uma intervenção educativa com a mulher, família e comunidade, com ajuda e apoio de todos, dos gestores, da comunidade e do governo garante-se uma maior qualidade de vida da mulher na população brasileira. A mulher entendeu que a sua saúde e vida importa na sociedade.

Melhoria da Atenção ao Pré-Natal e ao Puerpério na UBS Vila Gaúcha Em Bagé/RS

Entre os meses de janeiro e junho de 2015 foi realizado um projeto de intervenção educativo teórico-prático na área adstrita à Unidade Básica de Saúde Vila Gaúcha no município de Bagé, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, cujo objetivo geral foi qualificar a atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério na UBS. Esta ação foi definida como foco da intervenção porque a atenção ao pré-natal e puerpério em princípio não era adequada pela falta de organização do serviço, além da falta de recursos humanos, e os indicadores de avaliação desta ação programática apresentavam resultados desfavoráveis tanto para a cobertura do programa, quanto para a qualidade das ações realizadas. O projeto estruturador da implantação da ação programática contou com a elaboração de um cronograma detalhando atividades a serem desenvolvidas semanalmente em quatro eixos norteadores: qualificação da prática clínica, organização e gestão do serviço, monitoramento e avaliação e engajamento público. Estipulou-se previamente a ampliação da cobertura da atenção ao pré-natal na unidade de 45% para 60% e ao puerpério de 14% para 45%, sem desconsiderar a qualidade do programa, e visando a implantação da ação programática à rotina do serviço ao fim do projeto. Antes da intervenção apenas 14 gestantes eram acompanhadas e com a intervenção passaram a acompanhar com qualidade 29 gestantes. Os resultados da intervenção analisados demonstram o aumento progressivo na maior parte dos indicadores da atenção à saúde das gestantes e puérperas, concluindo como satisfatório o resultado final da intervenção. Houve um aumento na cobertura do atendimento de pré-natal e puerpério com resultados acima da meta planejada, alcançando 96,7% (n = 29) de cobertura no programa de pré-natal e 100% (n = 18) das puérperas avaliadas antes dos 42 dias de pós-parto. Houve aumento na participação das gestantes e puérperas no atendimento oferecido pelo SUS, e diminuíram as intercorrências que aconteciam frequentemente no período do pré-natal e do puerpério. Além disso, o projeto permitiu que a equipe ficasse mais unida melhorando o fornecimento dos serviços oferecidos na UBS e por consequência, a saúde da comunidade em geral.

Impaired Incretin Secretion And Pancreatic Dysfunction With Older Age And Diabetes.

To estimate the impact of aging and diabetes on insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, adipocytokines, and incretin production. Hyperglycemic clamps, arginine tests and meal tolerance tests were performed in 50 non-obese subjects to measure insulin sensitivity (IS) and insulin secretion as well as plasma levels of glucagon, GLP-1 and GIP. Patients with diabetes and healthy control subjects were divided into the following groups: middle-aged type 2 diabetes (MA-DM), aged Type 2 diabetes (A-DM) and middle-aged or aged subjects with normal glucose tolerance (MA-NGT or A-NGT). IS, as determined by the homeostasis model assessment, glucose infusion rate, and oral glucose insulin sensitivity, was reduced in the aged and DM groups compared with MA-NGT, but it was similar in the MA-DM and A-DM groups. Insulinogenic index, first and second phase insulin secretion and the disposition indices, but not insulin response to arginine, were reduced in the aged and DM groups. Postprandial glucagon production was higher in MA-DM compared to MA-NGT. Whereas the GLP-1 production was reduced in A-DM, no differences between groups were observed in GIP production. In non-obese subjects, diabetes and aging impair insulin sensitivity. Insulin production is reduced by aging, and diabetes exacerbates this condition. Aging associated defects superimposed diabetic physiopathology, particularly regarding GLP-1 production. On the other hand, the glucose-independent secretion of insulin was preserved. Knowledge of the complex relationship between aging and diabetes could support the development of physiopathological and pharmacological based therapies.

Compartment Syndrome After South American Rattlesnake (crotalus Durissus Terrificus) Envenomation.

In order to report the outcome of a patient who developed compartment syndrome after South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) envenomation, confirmed by subfascial pressure measurement and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 63-year-old male was admitted 1 h after being bitten on the right elbow by a large snake, which was not brought for identification. Physical and laboratory features upon admission revealed two fang marks, local tense swelling, paresthesia, intense local pain, hypertension, coagulopathy, and CK = 1530 U/L (RV < 170 U/L). The case was initially treated with bothropic antivenom (80 mL, intravenously), with no improvement. Evolution within 13-14 h post-bite revealed generalized myalgia, muscle weakness, palpebral ptosis, and severe rhabdomyolysis (CK = 126,160 U/L) compatible with envenoming by C. d. terrificus. The patient was then treated with crotalic antivenom (200 mL, intravenously), fluid replacement, and urine alkalinization. Twenty-four-hour post-bite MRI showed marked muscular edema in the anterior compartment of the right forearm, with a high subfascial pressure (40 mmHg) being detected 1 h later. ELISA of a blood sample obtained upon admission, before antivenom infusion, revealed a high serum concentration of C. d. terrificus venom. No fasciotomy was performed and the patient was discharged seven days later without sequelae. Snakebite by C. d. terrificus with subfascial venom injection may lead to increased intracompartmental pressure.

Phytochemical Markers Of Different Types Of Red Propolis.

Propolis is a resin that bees collect from different plant sources and use in the defense of the bee community. The intricate composition of propolis varies depending on plant sources from different geographic regions and many types have been reported. Red coloured propolis found in several states in Brazil and in other countries has known antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Different analytical methods have been applied to studies regarding the chemical composition and plant origins of red propolis. In this study samples of red propolis from different regions have been characterised using direct infusion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI(-)-MS) fingerprinting. Data from the fingerprints was extracted and analysed by multivariate analysis to group the samples according to their composition and marker compounds. Despite similar colour, the red coloured propolis samples were divided into three groups due to contrasting chemical composition, confirming the need to properly characterise the chemical composition of propolis.

Hypothermia And Early Neonatal Mortality In Preterm Infants.

To evaluate intervention practices associated with hypothermia at both 5 minutes after birth and at neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and to determine whether hypothermia at NICU admission is associated with early neonatal death in preterm infants. This prospective cohort included 1764 inborn neonates of 22-33 weeks without malformations admitted to 9 university NICUs from August 2010 through April 2012. All centers followed neonatal International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation recommendations for the stabilization and resuscitation in the delivery room (DR). Variables associated with hypothermia (axillary temperature <36.0 °C) 5 minutes after birth and at NICU admission, as well as those associated with early death, were analyzed by logistic regression. Hypothermia 5 minutes after birth and at NICU admission was noted in 44% and 51%, respectively, with 6% of early neonatal deaths. Adjusted for confounding variables, practices associated with hypothermia at 5 minutes after birth were DR temperature <25 °C (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.67-2.28), maternal temperature at delivery <36.0 °C (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.49-2.51), and use of plastic bag/wrap (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.40-0.70). The variables associated with hypothermia at NICU admission were DR temperature <25 °C (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.10-1.88), respiratory support with cold air in the DR (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.03-1.88) and during transport to NICU (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.08-2.13), and cap use (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39-0.78). Hypothermia at NICU admission increased the chance of early neonatal death by 1.64-fold (95% CI 1.03-2.61). Simple interventions, such as maintaining DR temperature >25 °C, reducing maternal hypothermia prior to delivery, providing plastic bags/wraps and caps for the newly born infants, and using warm resuscitation gases, may decrease hypothermia at NICU admission and improve early neonatal survival.

Screening The Life Cycle Of Schistosoma Mansoni Using High-resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Schistosomiasis is a common tropical disease caused by Schistosoma species Schistosomiasis' pathogenesis is known to vary according to the worms' strain. Moreover, high parasitical virulence is directly related to eggs release and granulomatous inflammation in the host's organs. This virulence might be influenced by different classes of molecules, such as lipids. Therefore, better understanding of the metabolic profile of these organisms is necessary, especially for an increased potential of unraveling strain virulence mechanisms and resistance to existing treatments. In this report, direct-infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI(+)-HRMS) along with the lipidomic platform were employed to rapidly characterize and differentiate two Brazilian S. mansoni strains (BH and SE) in three stages of their life cycle: eggs, miracidia and cercariae, with samples from experimental animals (Swiss/SPF mice). Furthermore, urine samples of the infected and uninfected mice were analyzed to assess the possibility of direct diagnosis. All samples were differentiated using multivariate data analysis, PCA, which helped electing markers from distinct lipid classes; phospholipids, diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols, for example, clearly presented different intensities in some stages and strains, as well as in urine samples. This indicates that biochemical characterization of S. mansoni may help narrowing-down the investigation of new therapeutic targets according to strain composition and aggressiveness of disease. Interestingly, lipid profile of infected mice urine varies when compared to control samples, indicating that direct diagnosis of schistosomiasis from urine may be feasible.

Acute Exercise Decreases Trb3 Protein Levels In The Hypothalamus Of Obese Rats.

To evaluate the effects of acute exercise on the TRB3 protein levels and interaction between TRB3/Akt proteins in the hypothalamus of obese rats. In addition, we evaluated the relationship between TRB3 and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and verified whether an acute exercise session is able to influence these processes. In the first part of the study, the rats were divided into three groups: control (lean) - fed with a standard rodent chow, DIO - fed with a high fat diet and DIO submitted to a swimming acute exercise protocol (DIO-EXE). In the second part of the study, we used other three groups: control (lean) receiving an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of vehicle, lean receiving an i.c.v. infusion of thapsigargin, and lean receiving an i.c.v infusion of thapsigargin and performing an acute exercise session. Four hours after the exercise session, the food intake was measured and the hypothalamus was dissected and separated for subsequent protein analysis by immunoblotting and Real Time PCR. The acute exercise session reduced the TRB3 protein levels, disrupted the interaction between TRB3/Akt proteins, increased the phosphorylation of Foxo1 and restored the anorexigenic effects of insulin in the hypothalamus of DIO rats. Interestingly, the suppressive effects of acute exercise on TRB3 protein levels may be related, at least in part, to the decrease of ER stress (evaluated though pancreatic ER kinase phosphorylation - pPERK and C/EBP homologous protein - CHOP protein levels) in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, the reduction of hypothalamic TRB3 protein levels mediated by exercise may be associated with the reduction of ER stress. These data provided a new mechanism by which an acute exercise session improves insulin sensitivity in hypothalamus and restores food intake control in obesity.

Recovery Of The Incretin Effect In Type 2 Diabetic Patients After Biliopancreatic Diversion.

Context: Bariatric surgery often results in remission of the diabetic state in obese patients. Increased incretin effect seems to play an important role in the glycemic improvements after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but the impact of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) remains unexplored. Objective: To elucidate the effect of BPD on the incretin effect and its interplay with beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity (IS) in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Design, Setting and Patients: Twenty-three women were studied: a control group of 13 lean, normal glucose-tolerant women (lean NGT) studied once and 10 obese patients with T2DM studied before, 1 and 12 months after BPD. Intervention: The ObeseT2DM group underwent BPD. Main Outcome Measures: The change in incretin effect as measured by the isoglycemic intravenous glucose infusion test. Secondary outcomes encompassed IS and beta-cell function. Results: At baseline, the incretin effect was lower in obese T2DM compared to lean NGT (p<0.05). One month after BPD, the incretin effect was not changed, but at 12 months it reached the level of the lean NGT group (p>0.05). IS improved (p<0.05) 1 month after BPD and at 12 months it resembled the levels of the lean NGT group. Insulin secretory rate and beta-cell glucose sensitivity increased after BPD and achieved levels similar to lean NGT group 1 month after BPD and even higher levels at 12 months (p<0.05). Conclusions: BPD has no acute impact on the reduced incretin effect, but 12 months after surgery the incretin effect normalizes alongside normalization of glucose control, IS and beta-cell function.

The Effects Of Cyclosporin A And Heteropterys Tomentosa On The Rat Liver.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely employed immunosuppressive drug that is associated with several side effects, among then hepatotoxicity. Heteropterys tomentosa is a Brazilian plant efficient in reducing damage caused by CsA on the rat testis and prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CsA and H. tomentosa (administered isolated or simultaneously) on the liver of Wistar rats. The animals were treated daily with water (control), CsA (15mg/kg/day), H. tomentosa infusion or CsA+H. tomentosa, for 21 or 56 days. The treatments did not alter liver morphology or cause fibrosis. H. tomentosa administered for 21 days increased the number of hepatocyte nuclei and Kupffer cell volumetric proportion. After 56 days of treatment, H. tomentosa administration did not alter the parameters analyzed. Biochemical plasma dosages and liver stereology showed impairment caused by CsA-treatment after 21 days; these results were not observed after 56 days of treatment. The simultaneous treatment with CsA and H. tomentosa for 21 or 56 days did not alleviate nor accentuate CsA hepatic effects. The present study showed that the 21 days treatment with CsA caused more alteration to the liver than the 56 days treatment; this could be related to hepatic recovery after the long term treatment.

Determinação do perfil de compostos voláteis e avaliação do sabor e aroma de bebidas produzidas a partir da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Volatile compounds from green and roasted yerba mate were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the flavor profile from yerba mate beverages was determined by descriptive quantitative analyses. The main compounds tentatively identified in green mate were linalool, alpha-terpineol and trans-linalool oxide and in roasted mate were (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal isomers and 5-methylfurfural. Green mate infusion was qualified as having bitter taste and aroma as well as green grass aroma while roasted mate was defined as having a smooth, slightly burnt aroma. The relationship between the tentatively identified compounds and flavor must be determined by olfatometric analysis.

Atividade de extratos de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verlot obtidos por processos biotecnológicos sobre a proliferação de fibroblastos e células tumorais humanas

Arrabidaea chica (H&B) Verlot is a plant popularly known as Pariri and this species is a known source of anthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins. This report describes an approach involving enzymatic treatment prior to extraction procedures to enhance A chica crude extract anticancer activity. Anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines in vitro using a 48 h SRB cell viability assay was performed to determine growth inhibition and cytotoxic properties. The final extraction yield without enzyme treatment was higher (24.28%) compared to the enzyme-treated material (19.03%), with an enhanced aglycones anthocyanin ratio as determined by HPLC- DAD and LC-MS with direct infusion.

Evaluation of the performance of different plastics used to seal nylon cDNA arrays

cDNA arrays are a powerful tool for discovering gene expression patterns. Nylon arrays have the advantage that they can be re-used several times. A key issue in high throughput gene expression analysis is sensitivity. In the case of nylon arrays, signal detection can be affected by the plastic bags used to keep membranes humid. In this study, we evaluated the effect of five types of plastics on the radioactive transmittance, number of genes with a signal above the background, and data variability. A polyethylene plastic bag 69 μm thick had a strong shielding effect that blocked 68.7% of the radioactive signal. The shielding effect on transmittance decreased the number of detected genes and increased the data variability. Other plastics which were thinner gave better results. Although plastics made from polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride (both 13 μm thick) and polyethylene (29 and 7 μm thick) showed different levels of transmittance, they all gave similarly good performances. Polyvinylidene chloride and polyethylene 29 mm thick were the plastics of choice because of their easy handling. For other types of plastics, it is advisable to run a simple check on their performance in order to obtain the maximum information from nylon cDNA arrays.

Comparative analysis of adverse events between infliximab and adalimumab in Crohn's disease management: a Brazilian single-centre experience

INTRODUCTION: Data is scarce regarding adverse events (AE) of biological therapy used in the management of Crohn's Disease (CD) among Brazilian patients. OBJECTIVES: To analyse AE prevalence and profile in patients with CD treated with Infliximab (IFX) or Adalimumab (ADA) and to verify whether there are differences between the two drugs. METHOD: Retrospective observational single-centre study of CD patients on biological therapy. Variables analysed: Demographic data, Montreal classification, biological agent administered, treatment duration, presence and type of AE and the need for treatment interruption. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were analysed, 25 treated with ADA and 24 with IFX. The groups were homogeneous in relation to the variables studied. The average follow-up period for the group treated with ADA was 19.3 months and 21.8 months for the IFX group (p = 0.585). Overall, 40% (n = 10) of patients taking ADA had AE compared with 50% (n = 12) of IFX users (p = 0.571). There was a tendency towards higher incidence of cutaneous and infusion reactions in the IFX group and higher incidence of infections in the ADA treated group, although without significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: No difference was found in the AE prevalence and profile between ADA and IFX CD patients in the population studied.