O jornalismo de proximidade como promotor da cultura e identidade de uma região: o caso do Porto Canal

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

La representación del trabajo de las mujeres en la prensa española

Este artículo presenta los principales resultados de una investigación de doctorado donde abordamos la representación del trabajo de las mujeres en la prensa española. Nuestra metodología se basó en la aplicación de la herramienta de análisis de contenido, Test ADSH, para evaluar la mirada informativa sobre este aspecto concreto de la realidad social.

Criação de uma plataforma e-commerce para a página de Facebook Handmade, nós apoiamos

Trabalho de projeto apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.

A Contabilidade nas instituições particulares de solidariedade social em Portugal

Relatório de Estágio apresentado ao Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administração do Porto para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças, sob orientação do Mestre Adalmiro Álvaro Malheiro de Castro Andrade Pereira e do Engenheiro José Manuel Cadão Formosinho

As aberturas nos “desenvolvimentos” dos noticiários da TSF: Rádio Notícias

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

Do impresso ao on-line: o caso da revista Sábado.

Relatório de estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

Abordagem farmacoepidemiológica da terapêutica no idoso: um ensaio em meio hospitalar

Introdução: O envelhecimento demográfico e o aumento da esperança de vida, criam condições para uma maior incidência de doenças degenerativas. Vários aspectos críticos envolvem a medicação no idoso, tais como: polimedicação frequente, com risco acrescido de ocorrência de reacções adversas, relacionadas com interacções medicamentosas e eventual medicação desaconselhada, em que o risco pode ser superior ao benefício. Estes aspectos são particularmente críticos no idoso hospitalizado. Objectivo: Este estudo teve como objectivo estimar a prevalência da polimedicação em idosos hospitalizados e analisar a medicação considerada inadequada nesta população. Participantes e metodologia: Seguiu-se um modelo retrospectivo descritivo transversal, reportando-se os dados a um período de um ano e meio, incidindo sobre o último internamento. A natureza da medicação, foi analisada de acordo com o Formulário Terapêutico Nacional, Resumo das Caracteristicas do Medicamento e com critérios de Beers-2002.Englobou 100 idosos (>65 anos) utentes do Hospital Cuf Descobertas, em regime de internamento. Os dados pessoais e clínicos e respectivo mapa farmacoterapêutico, foram introduzidos em base de dados construída para este estudo, em Access 2003 SP2. Procedeu-se à analise estatística (SPSS 13,0), descritiva, com cálculo de medidas de tendência central; análise univariada para todas as variáveis relevantes e análise bi-variada para quantificar a prevalência da polimedicação por sexo e grupo etário. Resultados:Dos doentes estudados (65-98 anos), maioritariamente femininos, 7 apresentavam 4 patologias em simultâneo, 13:3 patologias, 27:2 patologias e 30:1 patologia. Em 23 não se verificou qualquer patologia crónica. A hipertensão (n=49:27,5%) e a patologia cardiovascular (n=41:23%) foram as mais frequentemente encontradas na amostra em estudo sendo as de menor frequência a patologia reumática (n=1:0,56%), a osteoporose e os problemas psíquicos (n=2:1,12%. A prevalência de polimedicação foi de 84% e nº de medicamentos prescrito em simultâneo variou entre 2 e 23.Não se observou associação entre a polimedicação, a idade: e o sexo. Em apenas um caso foi identificado um medicamento desaconselhado em função do diagnóstico (metoclopramida:Parkinson), e independentemente do diagnóstico a amiodariona foi o mais frequente (25%), hidroxizina (22%), ticlopidina (2%) e cetorolac (1%). Conclusões: A polimedicação é um fenómeno muito frequente nos idosos hospitalizados; o número de medicamentos envolvidos pode ser elevado e a prevalência de medicamentos que requerem uma ponderação sobre o risco/benefício no idoso, indicia a vantagem da revisão da terapêutica, impondo-se a implementação de estratégias informativas sobre os mesmos. Background: The demographic aging and expansion of life expectancy create conditions for increased occurrence of degenerative illnesses. Several critical aspects involve the medication of the elderly, such as: frequent polipharmacy with increased occurrence of adverse drug reactions, related to medication interactions and inappropriate prescribing, in which the benefits can be inferior to the risks.These aspects are particularly critical in the hospitalized elderly. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of polipharmacy in hospitalized elderly and to analyze the medication considered inappropriate in this population. Participants and Methodology: A cross sectional model was followed, in which the data used relate to a period of a year and a half, focussing on the last hospitalization. The nature of the medication was analysed according to National Therapeutic Formulary, Drug Characteristics Summary and according to Beers-2002.It considered 100 elderly (>65 years) hospitalized at Hospital Cuf Descobertas. The personal and clinical data and the corresponding pharmacotherapeutic registration were introduced in a database created for this study in Access 2003 SP2. Descriptive statistics was calculated trough SPSS 13,0,.Exploraty analysis consisted in measures of average and spread for all variable considered relevant and univariate and bivariate analysis to quantify the prevalence of polipharmacy by sex and age and to relate polipharmacy with inappropriate medication. Results: Of the patients studied (65-98 years), the majority were women, 7 presented 4 pathologies, 13:3 pathologies, 27:2 pathologies and 30:1 pathology. In 23 patients there was any chronic pathology. Hypertension (n=49:27,5%) and cardiovascular disease (n=41:23%) were the most frequent disease in our study, and the minimal values were observed in rheumatism (n=1:0,56%), osteoporosis and psychic disorders (n=2:1,12%. The prevalence of polipharmacy was of 84% and the amount of medication simultaneously prescribed varied between 2 and 23.No association was observed between polipharmacy and age or gender. In only one case inappropriate medication was identified concerning diagnosis (metoclopramid: Parkinson), and independent of diagnosis the amiodaron was the most frequent (25%), hydroxyzin (22%), ticlopidin (2%). and ketorolac (1%). Conclusions: Polipharmacy is very prevalent among elderly people admitted to the hospital; the number of inappropriate medication can also be very high and this evidence should be collected in order to accomplish good drug use reviews and informative strategies in the hospital setting.

As televisões generalistas portuguesas online: estudo sobre a presença de conteúdos Informativos nos sites da RTP, SIC e TVI

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Audiovisual e Multimédia.

A segurança dos consumidores

The present report, about consumer’s safety, shows the development of the knowledge on this particular subject and the actions carried out by entities that fight for the protection of consumer’s rights. The internship was based on the knowledge acquirement on the theoretical and practical aspects of the fight lead by the Direção Geral do Consumidor, together with other entities, towards the elimination or solely the reduction of risks caused by some products and services made available for the consumers or put on the market. During the internship, I counted with the support of my supervisor in the DGC, Dr. Ana Catarina Fonseca and, for the writing of the report, I had the help of my thesis advisor, Dr. Jorge Morais Carvalho, whenever I needed constructive criticism. My participation on the creation of the informative brochures about consumer’s safety, and the study of the legislation used by the DGC on the daily work, enabled me, effectively, to consolidate my guiding principles as a future professional on the matters of the creation of entities, private and public, which aim to ensure the protection of consumers’s rights, informing them of the possible risks or solving the already existing problems, removing dangerous products and services from the market.The report clarifies the action of the DGC on the protection of consumer’s safety, and enables some knowledge on the relations between the entities that work for the protection of the consumers and the market operators and on their work on identifying dangerous products and warning the consumers about it. The final part of this report contains information that allows us to form an idea of the importance that consumer safety has had in Cape Verde, compared with the laws of Portugal on the matter.

Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, genotyping error estimation and de novo assembly optimization for population genetic inference.

Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) provides researchers with the ability to record genetic polymorphism across thousands of loci for nonmodel organisms, potentially revolutionizing the field of molecular ecology. However, as with other genotyping methods, RADseq is prone to a number of sources of error that may have consequential effects for population genetic inferences, and these have received only limited attention in terms of the estimation and reporting of genotyping error rates. Here we use individual sample replicates, under the expectation of identical genotypes, to quantify genotyping error in the absence of a reference genome. We then use sample replicates to (i) optimize de novo assembly parameters within the program Stacks, by minimizing error and maximizing the retrieval of informative loci; and (ii) quantify error rates for loci, alleles and single-nucleotide polymorphisms. As an empirical example, we use a double-digest RAD data set of a nonmodel plant species, Berberis alpina, collected from high-altitude mountains in Mexico.

Effect on renal function of tenofovir co-administered with either efavirenz or boosted lopinavir or boosted atazanavir: the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Reduced re'nal function has been reported with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). It is not clear whether TDF co-administered with a boosted protease inhibitor (PI) leads to a greater decline in renal function than TDF co-administered with a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).Methods: We selected ail antiretroviral therapy-naive patients in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) with calibrated or corrected serum creatinine measurements starting antiretroviral therapy with TDF and either efavirenz (EFV) or the ritonavir-boosted PIs, lopinavir (LPV/r) or atazanavir (ATV/r). As a measure of renal function, we used the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We calculated the difference in eGFR over time between two therapies using a marginal model for repeated measures. In weighted analyses, observations were weighted by the product of their point of treatment and censoring weights to adjust for differences both in the sort of patients starting each therapy and in the sort of patients remaining on each therapy over time.Results: By March 2011, 940 patients with at least one creatinine measurement on a first therapy with either TDF and EFV (n=484), TDF and LPVlr (n=269) or TDF and ATV/r (n=187) had been followed for a median of 1. 7, 1.2 and 1.3 years, respectively. Table 1 shows the difference in average estimated GFR (eGFR) over time since starting cART for two marginal models. The first model was not adjusted for potential confounders; the second mode! used weights to adjust for confounders. The results suggest a greater decline in renal function during the first 6 months if TDF is used with a PI rather than with an NNRTI, but no further difference between these therapies after the first 6 months. TDF and ATV/r may lead to a greater decline in the first 6 months than TDF and LPVlr.Conclusions: TDF co-administered with a boosted PI leads to a greater de cline in renal function over the first 6 months of therapy than TDF co-administered with an NNRTI; this decline may be worse with ATV/r than with LPV/r.

The Discrimination of Colored Acrylic, Cotton, and Wool Textile Fibers Using Micro-Raman Spectroscopy. Part 1 : In Situ Detection and Characterization of Dyes

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to characterize fiber dyes and determine the discriminating ability of the method. Black, blue, and red acrylic, cotton, and wool samples were analyzed. Four excitation sources were used to obtain complementary responses in the case of fluorescent samples. Fibers that did not provide informative spectra using a given laser were usually detected using another wavelength. For any colored acrylic, the 633-nm laser did not provide Raman information. The 514-nm laser provided the highest discrimination for blue and black cotton, but half of the blue cottons produced noninformative spectra. The 830-nm laser exhibited the highest discrimination for red cotton. Both visible lasers provided the highest discrimination for black and blue wool, and NIR lasers produced remarkable separation for red and black wool. This study shows that the discriminating ability of Raman spectroscopy depends on the fiber type, color, and the laser wavelength.

High throughput sequencing and proteomics to identify immunogenic proteins of a new pathogen: the dirty genome approach.

With the availability of new generation sequencing technologies, bacterial genome projects have undergone a major boost. Still, chromosome completion needs a costly and time-consuming gap closure, especially when containing highly repetitive elements. However, incomplete genome data may be sufficiently informative to derive the pursued information. For emerging pathogens, i.e. newly identified pathogens, lack of release of genome data during gap closure stage is clearly medically counterproductive. We thus investigated the feasibility of a dirty genome approach, i.e. the release of unfinished genome sequences to develop serological diagnostic tools. We showed that almost the whole genome sequence of the emerging pathogen Parachlamydia acanthamoebae was retrieved even with relatively short reads from Genome Sequencer 20 and Solexa. The bacterial proteome was analyzed to select immunogenic proteins, which were then expressed and used to elaborate the first steps of an ELISA. This work constitutes the proof of principle for a dirty genome approach, i.e. the use of unfinished genome sequences of pathogenic bacteria, coupled with proteomics to rapidly identify new immunogenic proteins useful to develop in the future specific diagnostic tests such as ELISA, immunohistochemistry and direct antigen detection. Although applied here to an emerging pathogen, this combined dirty genome sequencing/proteomic approach may be used for any pathogen for which better diagnostics are needed. These genome sequences may also be very useful to develop DNA based diagnostic tests. All these diagnostic tools will allow further evaluations of the pathogenic potential of this obligate intracellular bacterium.

Transfer factor for carbon monoxide: a glance behind the scene.

The transfer factor for carbon monoxide (TLCO) is widely used in pulmonary function laboratories because it represents a unique non-invasive window on pulmonary microcirculation. The TLCO is the product of two primary measurements, the alveolar volume (VA) and the CO transfer coefficient (KCO). This test is most informative when VA and KCO are examined, together with their product TLCO. In a normal lung, a low VA due to incomplete expansion is associated with an elevated KCO, resulting in a mildly reduced TLCO. Thus, in case of low VA, a seemingly "normal KCO" must be interpreted as an abnormal gas transfer. The most common clinical conditions associated with an abnormal TLCO are characterised by a limited number of patterns for VA and KCO: incomplete lung expansion, discrete loss of alveolar units, diffuse loss of alveolar units, emphysema, pulmonary vascular disorders, high pulmonary blood volume, alveolar haemorrhage.

Diagnostic microbiologique de la pneumonie [Microbiological diagnosis of pneumonia].

Les pneumonies causent une mortalité et une morbidité significatives. De manière simplifiée, deux types de pneumonie sont décrits : la pneumonie communautaire et la pneumonie nosocomiale avec le pneumocoque et l'Haemophilus influenzae comme causes principales pour la première, le Pseudomonas et diverses entérobactéries pour la deuxième. La réalité est cependant plus complexe puisque l'on distingue aussi la pneumonie d'aspiration par exemple. La culture est très importante dans le cas des pneumonies nosocomiales car elle permet de déterminer la sensibilité aux antibiotiques de l'agent infectieux et d'adapter le traitement. Pour les patients immunosupprimés, le diagnostic différentiel est plus large et la recherche par tests moléculaires de certains virus, de champignons filamenteux et du Pneumocystis peut se révéler informative. Pneumonia is an importance cause of mortality and morbidity in adults. Two types of pneumonia are defined: community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia with their corresponding etiology such as pneumococci or Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas or enterobacteriaceae, respectively. However, the reality is more complex with aspiration pneumonia, pneumonia in immunocompromised patient, and pneumonia in ventilated patients. Culture in the case of nosocomial pneumonia is especially important to obtain the antibiotic susceptibility of the infectious agent and to adjust therapy. Moreover for immunocompromised patients, the differential diagnosis is much wider looking for viruses, filamentous fungi and Pneumocystis can be very informative, using new molecular assays.