Une littérature du décloisonnement : la construction de la figure de l'écrivain et du littéraire dans Comment faire l'amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer et Cette grenade dans la main du jeune Nègre est-elle une arme ou un fruit? de Dany Laferrière

Dany Laferrière, récemment admis à la prestigieuse Académie française, a produit une œuvre considérable au cours des trente dernières années. Deux de ces premiers romans, Comment faire l’amour avec un Nègre sans se fatiguer et Cette grenade dans la main du jeune Nègre est-elle une arme ou un fruit?, sont caractérisés par une intertextualité riche et variée. La trame narrative de ces deux romans est construite par fragments. Dans le premier texte, on retrouve un écrivain fictif qui procède à l’écriture d’un roman qu’il nomme Paradis du dragueur nègre. Dans le deuxième roman, nous retrouvons le même écrivain, mais ce dernier est plutôt employé par un magazine de la côte est afin de rédiger un reportage sur l’Amérique. Dans les deux cas, il y a une mise en scène de l’écriture par un écrivain fictif qui présente beaucoup de ressemblances avec Laferrière lui-même. Le lecteur assiste à la construction du récit qu’il est en train de lire à travers une autofiction originale. Il y a donc une multitude de ressemblances, et mêmes correspondances, entre les deux récits. Les deux romans de Laferrière s’inscrivent par leur thème, leur style et leur genre dans une « généalogie » de textes qui peuvent être regroupés en « familles » littéraires. Nous tenterons, dans le mémoire qui suit, de définir et de comprendre le rôle de ces « familles » et d’illustrer comment l’appropriation de ces textes permet à l’auteur à la fois de s’en inspirer et de s’en distancer. Il s’agira donc, dans les deux premiers chapitres, d’étudier les références intertextuelles appartenant à ces deux « familles » d’écrivains pour ensuite étudier plus particulièrement la construction de la figure de l’écrivain et de son espace littéraire à travers ces deux œuvres. MOT-CLÉS : Dany Laferrière ; intertextualité ; autofiction ; roman contemporain ; littérature québécoise.

Valorization of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruit processing by-products and wastes using bioprocess technology – Review

The date palm Phoenix dactylifera has played an important role in the day-to-day life of the people for the last 7000 years. Today worldwide production, utilization and industrialization of dates are continuously increasing since date fruits have earned great importance in human nutrition owing to their rich content of essential nutrients. Tons of date palm fruit wastes are discarded daily by the date processing industries leading to environmental problems. Wastes such as date pits represent an average of 10% of the date fruits. Thus, there is an urgent need to find suitable applications for this waste. In spite of several studies on date palm cultivation, their utilization and scope for utilizing date fruit in therapeutic applications, very few reviews are available and they are limited to the chemistry and pharmacology of the date fruits and phytochemical composition, nutritional significance and potential health benefits of date fruit consumption. In this context, in the present review the prospects of valorization of these date fruit processing by-products and wastes’ employing fermentation and enzyme processing technologies towards total utilization of this valuable commodity for the production of biofuels, biopolymers, biosurfactants, organic acids, antibiotics, industrial enzymes and other possible industrial chemicals are discussed

Assessment of the strategies of organic fruit production and fruit drying in Uganda

Organic agriculture in Uganda is developing at a fast pace and despite this trend Uganda is still unable to produce enough fresh and dry organic fruits mainly pineapple to meet the exporters demand. This current research investigated the strategies of farmers at production level by assessing the pros and cons of fruit growing, organic agriculture and fruit drying in order to understand the underlying causal factor for the low production of organic dry fruits in a major fruit producing district of Uganda. The study was carried out in two separate and distinctive areas; one which only produces and export fresh organic pineapple and the other which exports dried fruits (mainly pineapple and papaya). About 10% of the farmers in the two study areas were surveyed using questionnaires which were further followed by semi-structured interviews and participatory rural appraisals activities with various types of farmers in order to understand the different decisions and strategies of farmers. 82% and 74% of farmers in the two study areas grew fruits as it gave better economic returns and for 77% and 90% respectively in the two study areas, the reasons for growing fruit was the ease of selling compared to other crops. All the farmers were relying on coffee husk for growing organic pineapples. However, 50% of the farmers want to grow pineapples (either organic or conventional) but couldn't afford to buy coffee husk. Fruit drying was mainly a strategy to utilize cheap fruits during harvesting seasons for value addition. 71% and 42% of farmers in the two study areas wanted to dry fruits but it was beyond their economic capacity to buy the driers. Decision of the farmers whether to grow fruits or cereals, organic or conventional agriculture and selling the fruits as fresh or dry were dependent mainly on the economic, knowledge and resource availability of each type of practices. It is concluded that the main barrier for an increase in the production of organic dried fruits is at the processing level, and the limited capacity for investments in drying facilities.

Dynamic characterization of olfactory receptors in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster

Temporal changes in odor concentration are vitally important to many animals orienting and navigating in their environment. How are such temporal changes detected? Within the scope of the present work an accurate stimulation and analysis system was developed to examine the dynamics of physiological properties of Drosophila melanogaster olfactory receptor organs. Subsequently a new method for delivering odor stimuli was tested and used to present the first dynamic characterization of olfactory receptors at the level of single neurons. Initially, recordings of the whole antenna were conducted while stimulating with different odors. The odor delivery system allowed the dynamic characterization of the whole fly antenna, including its sensilla and receptor neurons. Based on the obtained electroantennogram data a new odor delivery method called digital sequence method was developed. In addition the degree of accuracy was enhanced, initially using electroantennograms, and later recordings of odorant receptor cells at the single sensilla level. This work shows for the first time that different odors evoked different responses within one neuron depending on the chemical structure of the odor. The present work offers new insights into the dynamic properties of olfactory transduction in Drosophila melanogaster and describes time dependent parameters underlying these properties.

Bud development, flowering and fruit set of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Horseradish Tree) as affected by various irrigation levels

Moringa oleifera is becoming increasingly popular as an industrial crop due to its multitude of useful attributes as water purifier, nutritional supplement and biofuel feedstock. Given its tolerance to sub-optimal growing conditions, most of the current and anticipated cultivation areas are in medium to low rainfall areas. This study aimed to assess the effect of various irrigation levels on floral initiation, flowering and fruit set. Three treatments namely, a 900 mm (900IT), 600 mm (600IT) and 300 mm (300IT) per annum irrigation treatment were administered through drip irrigation, simulating three total annual rainfall amounts. Individual inflorescences from each treatment were tagged during floral initiation and monitored throughout until fruit set. Flower bud initiation was highest at the 300IT and lowest at the 900IT for two consecutive growing seasons. Fruit set on the other hand, decreased with the decrease in irrigation treatment. Floral abortion, reduced pollen viability as well as moisture stress in the style were contributing factors to the reduction in fruiting/yield observed at the 300IT. Moderate water stress prior to floral initiation could stimulate flower initiation, however, this should be followed by sufficient irrigation to ensure good pollination, fruit set and yield.

Effects of shoot pruning and inflorescence thinning on plant growth, yield and fruit quality of greenhouse tomatoes in a tropical climate

The combined effects of shoot pruning (one or two stems) and inflorescence thinning (five or ten flowers per inflorescence) on greenhouse tomato yield and fruit quality were studied during the dry season (DS) and rainy season (RS) in Central Thailand. Poor fruit set, development of undersized (mostly parthenocarpic) fruits, as well as the physiological disorders blossom-end rot (BER) and fruit cracking (FC) turned out to be the prevailing causes deteriorating fruit yield and quality. The proportion of marketable fruits was less than 10% in the RS and around 65% in the DS. In both seasons, total yield was significantly increased when plants were cultivated with two stems, resulting in higher marketable yields only in the DS. While the fraction of undersized fruits was increased in both seasons when plants were grown with a secondary stem, the proportions of BER and FC were significantly reduced. Restricting the number of flowers per inflorescence invariably resulted in reduced total yield. However, in neither season did fruit load considerably affect quantity or proportion of the marketable yield fraction. Inflorescence thinning tended to promote BER and FC, an effect which was only significant for BER in the RS. In conclusion, for greenhouse tomato production under climate conditions as they are prevalent in Central Thailand, the cultivation with two stems appears to be highly recommendable whereas the measures to control fruit load tested in this study did not proof to be advisable.

Achievement goals, social goals, and motivational regulations in physical education settings

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Plan de exportación de piña deshidratada con destino a Alemania

El presente trabajo “Plan de exportación de piña deshidratada con destino a Alemania” tiene como fundamento principal el aprovechamiento de las actuales relaciones comerciales con la Unión Europea y especialmente con Alemania, con lo que se busca abrir nuevos mercados a exportaciones no tradicionales en las que la materia prima haya pasado por un proceso de transformación, de igual modo se hace expresa la explotación de las potenciales condiciones geoespaciales del territorio colombiano como ventaja competitiva. La piña fue seleccionada como la fruta ideal para atravesar el proceso de deshidratación con base en sus características físicas y nutricionales, a lo largo del trabajo se describe desde el cultivo mismo de la fruta hasta los diferentes procesos de deshidratación existentes en donde es enfatiza en el seleccionado para el presente proyecto haciendo referencia a los beneficios del mismo. Por otra parte se realiza todo un análisis de mercado en el que se involucra el comportamiento del consumidor alemán, sus ingresos per capita, la competencia, los diversos mecanismos internacionales de exportación y la reglamentación necesaria para ingresar a este mercado. Finalmente, se desarrolla la viabilidad financiera del proyecto en la que se realizaron las proyecciones correspondientes a los primeros años de funcionamiento y las tasas de rendimiento esperadas.

Drug Administration: rules and regulations for health care practitioners

These narrated slides explain the roles, responsibilites and practicalities in administering drugs. Although it has been developed with student nurses and midwives in mind it will be of use to students of all health care professions.

How do I set up my thesis so it meets the University's Page Setup regulations for paper size and margins?

This video shows how to ensure the document: • has mirror margins that alternate on left and right hand pages • is A4 in size • has margins that are in-line with the regulations • has its major sections starting on the right hand (odd numbered) page Although this video shows how to perform these tasks in Word 2010, they are virtually identical in Word 2013. In Word 2011 for Mac the steps are very similar and precise details can be found in the Word 2011 Sections manual.

Plan de factibilidad de exportación y comercialización de uchuva deshidratada con destino a España

En este escrito “PLAN DE FACTIBILIDAD DE EXPORTACION Y COMERCIALIZACION DE UCHUVA DESHIDRATADA CON DESTINO A ESPAÑA” se parte del hecho de la necesidad que existe en Colombia, por abrir su mercado y comercio a nivel internacional; con un marcado interés por la Unión Europea. Al interior de este trabajo, se encuentra un recorrido que va desde la siembra, recolección y manejo del producto base –uchuva fresca- hasta la logística, normatividad, exigencias y aranceles entre otros; hasta la entrega de la uchuva deshidratada, en manos del consumidor final. El mercado objetivo, fue escogido teniendo en cuenta los grandes beneficios que existen en la Unión Europea; y que favorecen a países como Colombia, en cuanto a que no cancelamos aranceles para productos del sector agroindustrial. Por otro lado, la escogencia del producto a exportar esta sustentado en que se trata de una fruta exótica, con alto contenido vitamínico, que se cosecha en grandes cantidades en Cundinamarca; y que gusta en Europa, especialmente en España. El mercado va dirigido inicialmente a inmigrantes latinos, especialmente Ecuatorianos y Colombianos que conocen las bondades de la fruta, y Españoles que disfrutan de nuestra gastronomía.

Estudio de factibilidad para la exportación de pitahaya amarilla al mercado de Japón, como uno de los países líderes de la cuenca del Pacífico

A través de la elaboración de un análisis de mercado, de la situación actual del producto a exportar a nivel mundial y del sector agrícola tanto Colombiano como Japonés, y tomando como referente las diversas teorías de comercio internacional, se logra establecer un plan de negocio viable, en donde se define la forma correcta y factible de llevar a cabo el proceso de exportación, y de esta manera lograr el posicionamiento de un fruto exótico colombiano en el exterior. A partir del análisis realizado al sector agrícola Colombiano y Japonés, y teniendo en cuenta la situación actual de la pitahaya amarilla a nivel mundial, se logró identificar el comportamiento de la oferta y la demanda de este fruto, y la frecuencia con la que se realizan las exportaciones, con el fin de establecer las necesidades del mercado de Japón y aprovechar la ventaja comparativa que Colombia tiene frente a este país para poder suplir el mercado. Ante la indiscutible escasez de frutos exóticos como lo es la pitahaya amarilla en un país como Japón, dadas las condiciones geográficas con las que cuenta, y al ser este uno de los productos más apetecidos en esta sociedad, fue el motivo por el cual este país se escogió como destino para realizar el proceso de exportación. Adicional a esto, la ubicación geográfica de ambos países, y sus regulaciones y normas internacionales, hacen posible y viable la ejecución del presente estudio.

La narració d'experiències : la localització de les idees rellevants. La comprensió del present com a fruit del passat. 'La narración de experiencias : la localización de las ideas relevantes. La comprensión del presente como fruto del pasado'.

Módulo cuatro del primer crédito para el área de Inglés del ciclo 12-16. Trabaja las funciones de la descripción de la gente, lo que gusta y no gusta, las explicaciones, la narración de historietas y las expresiones de cantidad a través de los siguientes temas: animales salvajes (en libertad, granja y zoo), estados anímicos, colores, texturas, partes del cuerpo y tiempo libre. Plantea los objetivos didácticos del crédito, los contenidos y las actividades de aprendizaje. Éstas son de diversos tipos y fomentan la comprensión y expresión oral del inglés.