¿Jornadas de acogida en la alfabetización informacional?

La alfabetización informacional debería ser un elemento estratégico de las universidades en el proceso de adaptación de los estudios universitarios al EEES. Esto obliga a las bibliotecas a diseñar planes de formación que abarquen todos los niveles educativos. La adaptación de las jornadas de acogida al EEES pasa por la adaptación de su contenido al sistema de crédito europeo (ECTS) en aquellas universidades que hasta ahora han dado créditos por las mismas y, por supuesto, por la utilización del entorno virtual. En nuestra propuesta intentamos conjugar las enseñanzas presenciales con las virtuales diseñando para el campus virtual herramientas como archivos pdf multimedia, flash, vídeo.

I progetti di Oswald Mathias Ungers per la città di Treviri. Questioni di composizione architettonica

Abstract This PhD thesis focuses on two projects carried out by Oswald Mathias Ungers in the city of Trier. More specifi cally, this study focuses on the relationship between composition principles, architectural forms, historical context and the nature of the city where these buildings have been built. The works carried out by Ungers in Trier are unique experiences - if taken in this master’s works context - and each one of them refl ects - in its specifi c project and architectural composition theme - the results - in terms of design - of a complex research on the fundamentals of architecture carried out by Ungers in more than fi ve decades of his activity. The theoretical and compositional experiment aspect is one of the main subjects to defi ne these buildings in terms of architecture. This aspect is so crucial that it is possible to consider them as an example of radical and specifi c experiences, referred to a specifi c place and based on a specifi c theoretical corpus. More specifi cally, this study focuses on the design activity carried out by Ungers in this city, mainly between the 80s and 90s and in the fi rst decade of the 21st century. It puts forward an interpretation that does not only defi ne the essential features, elements and questions lying behind these two architectures, but fi rst and foremost analyzes the theoretical, methodological and compositional relationship between Ungers and Trier, his adopted city. An increasingly closer relationship between the architect and his city highlights the wider relationship network established between the place and the projects carried out by Ungers in this city and makes it possible to understand the importance of Trier in the work of this architect, in his education and in his way to see, think and make architecture. The projects analyzed - the Thermen am Forum Museum (1988-1996) and the Kaiserthermen entrance hall (2003-2007) - were analyzed in terms of their architectural composition in an attempt to highlight the poetry of these architectures and to fi nd out their progressive, rational - and therefore transmissible - character. This study is an attempt to assess and unveil the compositional themes characterizing these projects while detecting the compositional principles lying behind the works and verifying the design process through which such principles were translated into architecture. Looking at these works as architectural composition examples makes it possible to clarify Ungers’ hermeneutic relationship established with the city’s history and structure. More specifi cally, the main subject of this thesis is the relationship between the architect, his city and history in the architectural solutions offered by two exemplary case studies, which were both built and placed in the historical city center of Trier and both connected with the ancient core of the city. The Thermen am Forum Museum and the Kaiserthermen entrance hall projects are - though being developed at different times of Ungers’ architectural life and though being extremely different in terms of approach to their context, due to their architectural image - two works that can be compared with the historical heritage of the city and this makes them ideal examples of the relationship between architectural forms, history and environment.

Classificazione a faccette di obiettivi formativi dell’insegnamento universitario, nelle discipline umanistiche in Austria, Germania, Italia e Regno Unito

Il processo di riforma a carattere europeo che ha condotto alla nascita di uno Spazio Europeo dell’Istruzione Superiore ha conosciuto diverse tappe fondamentali, fra cui, per esempio, la ripartizione in cicli e l’adozione dei crediti ECTS. Una di queste tappe, ossia il passaggio da una pianificazione della didattica basata sui contenuti ad una basata sui risultati dell’apprendimento, ricopre un ruolo di primo piano nel presente progetto di dottorato. Lo studio qui descritto ha esaminato, da un punto di vista sintattico e semantico, un campione di obiettivi e risultati dell’apprendimento di insegnamenti di alcuni corsi di laurea di primo e secondo ciclo, delle scienze umanistiche, in Austria, Germania, Italia e Regno Unito. L’obiettivo del progetto è proporre uno schema per una classificazione a faccette di obiettivi dell’apprendimento denominato FLOC. Tale schema è adottato per classificare gli obiettivi dell’apprendimento di quattro contesti linguistico-culturali (nei paesi summenzionati), dando vita a FLOC-AT, FLOC-DE, FLOC-IT e FLOC-EN. Queste quattro classificazioni forniscono inoltre il contesto per un’analisi contrastiva multilingue fra unità di obiettivi di apprendimento.

A scanning electron microscope for ultracold quantum gases

This thesis presents a new imaging technique for ultracold quantum gases. Since the first observation of Bose-Einstein condensation, ultracold atoms have proven to be an interesting system to study fundamental quantum effects in many-body systems. Most of the experiments use optical imaging rnmethods to extract the information from the system and are therefore restricted to the fundamental limitation of this technique: the best achievable spatial resolution that can be achieved is comparable to the wavelength of the employed light field. Since the average atomic distance and the length scale of characteristic spatial structures in Bose-Einstein condensates such as vortices and solitons is between 100 nm and 500 nm, an imaging technique with an adequate spatial resolution is needed. This is achieved in this work by extending the method of scanning electron microscopy to ultracold quantum gases. A focused electron beam is scanned over the atom cloud and locally produces ions which are subsequently detected. The new imaging technique allows for the precise measurement of the density distribution of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. Furthermore, the spatial resolution is determined by imaging the atomic distribution in one-dimensional and two-dimensional optical lattices. Finally, the variety of the imaging method is demonstrated by the selective removal of single lattice site. rn

Characterisation of human co-culture systems for applications in bone tissue engineering

For the successful integration of bone tissue engineering constructs into patients, an adequate supply with oxygen and nutrients is critical. Therefore, prevascularisation of bone tissue engineering constructs is desirable for bone formation, remodelling and regeneration. Co-culture systems, consisting of human endothelial cells and primary osteoblasts (pOB) as well as osteosarcoma cell lines, represent a promising method for studying the mechanisms involved in the vascularisation of constructs in bone tissue en- gineering and could provide new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that control essential processes during angiogenesis. The present study demonstrated the im- portant components of co-culture systems with a focus on bone tissue replacement and the angiogenic effects of pOB and osteosarcoma cell lines on human endothelial cells. Furthermore, the studies emphasised an overall approach for analysis of signal molecules that are involved in the angiogenic activation of human endothelial cells by the regulation of VEGF-related pathways at the transcriptional and translational levels. The osteosarcoma cell lines Cal-72, MG-63 and SaOS-2, as well as pOB from several donors, differed in their angiogenesis-inducing potential in 2-D and 3-D co-culture systems. SaOS-2 cells appeared to have a high osteogenic differentiation level with no detectable angiogenesis-inducing potential in co-culture with human endothelial cells. The angiogenic potential of the osteoblast-like cells is mainly correlated with the upregulation of essential angiogenic growth factors, such as VEGF, bFGF and HGF and the downregulation of the angiogenesis inhibitor, endostatin. However, other factors involved in angiogenic regulation were found to differ between SaOS-2 cells, compared to Cal-72 and MG-63. The present study focuses on VEGF pathway-effecting genes as key players in the regulation of angiogenesis. The levels of VEGF and VEGF-effecting genes, such as TGF-α and TIMP-2 are down-regulated in SaOS-2 cells. In contrast, direct regulators of VEGF, such as IL6, IL8 and TNF are strongly upregulated, which indicates disruptions in growth factor regulating pathways in SaOS-2 cells. Potential pathways, which could be involved include MEK, PI3K, MAPK, STAT3, AKT or ERK. Additional treatment of co-cultures with single growth factors did not accelerate or improve the angiogenesis-inducing potential of SaOS-2 cells. Knowledge of the detailed molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis control will hopefully allow improved approaches to be developed for prevascularisation of bone tissue engineering constructs.

Observations and modeling of the Marginal Ice Zone

Global climate change in recent decades has strongly influenced the Arctic generating pronounced warming accompanied by significant reduction of sea ice in seasonally ice-covered seas and a dramatic increase of open water regions exposed to wind [Stephenson et al., 2011]. By strongly scattering the wave energy, thick multiyear ice prevents swell from penetrating deeply into the Arctic pack ice. However, with the recent changes affecting Arctic sea ice, waves gain more energy from the extended fetch and can therefore penetrate further into the pack ice. Arctic sea ice also appears weaker during melt season, extending the transition zone between thick multi-year ice and the open ocean. This region is called the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ). In the Arctic, the MIZ is mainly encountered in the marginal seas, such as the Nordic Seas, the Barents Sea, the Beaufort Sea and the Labrador Sea. Formed by numerous blocks of sea ice of various diameters (floes) the MIZ, under certain conditions, allows maritime transportation stimulating dreams of industrial and touristic exploitation of these regions and possibly allowing, in the next future, a maritime connection between the Atlantic and the Pacific. With the increasing human presence in the Arctic, waves pose security and safety issues. As marginal seas are targeted for oil and gas exploitation, understanding and predicting ocean waves and their effects on sea ice become crucial for structure design and for real time safety of operations. The juxtaposition of waves and sea ice represents a risk for personnel and equipment deployed on ice, and may complicate critical operations such as platform evacuations. The risk is difficult to evaluate because there are no long-term observations of waves in ice, swell events are difficult to predict from local conditions, ice breakup can occur on very short time-scales and wave-ice interactions are beyond the scope of current forecasting models [Liu and Mollo-Christensen, 1988,Marko, 2003]. In this thesis, a newly developed Waves in Ice Model (WIM) [Williams et al., 2013a,Williams et al., 2013b] and its related Ocean and Sea Ice model (OSIM) will be used to study the MIZ and the improvements of wave modeling in ice infested waters. The following work has been conducted in collaboration with the Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center and within the SWARP project which aims to extend operational services supporting human activity in the Arctic by including forecast of waves in ice-covered seas, forecast of sea-ice in the presence of waves and remote sensing of both waves and sea ice conditions. The WIM will be included in the downstream forecasting services provided by Copernicus marine environment monitoring service.

Institutions as key drivers of collective action in WUAs [Water User Associations] of Uzbekistan

This paper presents a multifactor approach for performance assessment of Water Users Associations (WUAs) in Uzbekistan in order to identify the drivers for improved and effi cient performance of WUAs. The study was carried out in the Fergana Valley where the WUAs were created along the South Fergana Main Canal during the last 10 years. The farmers and the employees of 20 WUAs were questioned about the WUAs’ activities and the quantitative and qualitative data were obtained. This became a base for the calculation of 36 indicators divided into 6 groups: Water supply, technical conditions, economic conditions, social and cultural conditions, organizational conditions and information conditions. All the indicators assessed with a differentiated point system adjusted for subjectivity of several of them give the total maximal result for the associations of 250 point. The WUAs of the Fergana Valley showed the score between 145 and 219 points, what refl ects a highly diverse level of the WUAs performance in the region. The analysis of the indicators revealed that the key points of the WUA’s success are the organizational and institutional conditions including the participatory factors and awareness of both the farmers and employees about the work of WUA. The research showed that the low performance of the WUAs is always explained by the low technical and economic conditions along with weak organization and information dissemination conditions. It is clear that it is complicated to improve technical and economic conditions immediately because they are cost-based and cost-induced. However, it is possible to improve the organizational conditions and to strengthen the institutional basis via formal and information institutions which will gradually lead to improvement of economic and technical conditions of WUAs. Farmers should be involved into the WUA Governance and into the process of making common decisions and solving common problems together via proper institutions. Their awareness can also be improved by leading additional trainings for increasing farmers’ agronomic and irrigation knowledge, teaching them water saving technologies and acquainting them with the use of water measuring equipment so it can bring reliable water supply, transparent budgeting and adequate as well as equitable water allocation to the water users.

Elucidating underlying processes of psychometric intelligence: A comparison of behavioral response latency and P3 latency in a modified Hick reaction time paradigm

The mental speed approach explains individual differences in intelligence by faster information processing in individuals with higher compared to lower intelligence - especially in elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs). One of the most examined ECTs is the Hick paradigm. The present study aimed to contrast reaction time (RT) and P3 latency in a Hick task as predictors of intelligence. Although both, RT and P3 latency, are commonly used as indicators of mental speed, it is also known that they measure different aspects of information processing. Participants were 113 female students. RT and P3 latency were measured while participants completed the Hick task with four levels of complexity. Intelligence was assessed with Cattell's Culture Fair Test. A RT factor and a P3 factor were extracted by employing a PCA across complexity levels. There was no significant correlation between the factors. Commonality analysis was used to determine the proportions of unique and shared variance in intelligence explained by the RT and P3 latency factors. RT and P3 latency explained 5.5% and 5% of unique variance in intelligence. However, the two speed factors did not explain a significant portion of shared variance. This result suggests that RT and P3 latency in the Hick paradigm are measuring different aspects of information processing that explain different parts of variance in intelligence.

Decomposing speed of information processing in elementary cognitive tasks

Many studies obtained reliable individual differences in speed of information processing (SIP) as measured by elementary cognitive tasks (ECTs). ECTs usually employ response times (RT) as measure of SIP, but different ECTs target different cognitive processes (e.g., simple or choice reaction, inhibition). Here we used modified versions of the Hick and the Eriksen Flanker task to examine whether these tasks assess dissociable or common aspects of SIP. In both tasks, task complexity was systematically varied across three levels. RT data were collected from 135 participants. Applying fixed-links modeling, RT variance increasing with task complexity was separated from RT variance unchanging across conditions. For each task, these aspects of variance were represented by two independent latent variables. The two latent variables representing RT variance not varying with complexity of the two tasks were virtually identical (r = .83). The latent variables representing increasing complexity in the two tasks were also highly correlated (r = .72) but clearly dissociable. Thus, RT measures contain both task-unspecific, person-related aspects of SIP as well as task-specific aspects indicating the cognitive processes manipulated with the respective task. Separating these aspects of SIP facilitates the interpretation of individual differences in RT.

Equation of State and Opacities for Warm Dense Matter.

We will present recent developments in the calculation of opacity and equation of state tables suitable for including in the radiation hydrodynamic code ARWEN [1] to study processes like ICF or X-ray secondary sources. For these calculations we use the code BiG BART to compute opacities in LTE conditions, with self-consistent data generated with the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC) [2]. Non-LTE effects are approximately taken into account by means of the improved RADIOM model [3], which makes use of existing LTE data tables. We use the screened-hydrogenic model [4] to derive the Equation of State using the population and energy of the levels avaliable from the atomic data

Assessment of work performed by paired students: a pedagogical experience

“Teamwork” is one of the abilities most valued by employers. In [16] we describe the process of adapting to the ECTS methodologies (for ongoing assessment), a course in computer programming for students in a technical degree (Marine Engineering, UPM) not specifically dedicated to computing. As a further step in this process we have emphasized cooperative learning. For this, the students were paired and the work of each pair was evaluated via surprise tests taken and graded jointly, and constituting a substantial part of the final grade. Here we document this experience, discussing methodological aspects, describing indicators for measuring the impact of these methodologies on the educational experience, and reporting on the students’ opinion of it.

Assessment of transferable competences in computing

The European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) is the credit system for higher education used in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), which involves all the countries engaged in the Bologna Process. This paper describes a study which is part of the project of the Bologna Experts Team-Spain and was carried out with the following aims: 1) designing some procedures for the assessment of transferable competences; and 2) testing some basic psychometric features that an assessment device with some consequences for the subjects being evaluated needs to prove. We will focus on the degrees of Computing. The sample of students (20) includes first year students from the Technical University of Madrid. In this paper, we will report some results of data analyses carried out to this moment on reliability and validity of the task designed to measure problem solving.

Towards Understanding Reasoning Complexity in Practice

Although the computational complexity of the logic underlying the standard OWL 2 for the Web Ontology Language (OWL) appears discouraging for real applications, several contributions have shown that reasoning with OWL ontologies is feasible in practice. It turns out that reasoning in practice is often far less complex than is suggested by the established theoretical complexity bound, which reflects the worstcase scenario. State-of-the reasoners like FACT++, HERMIT, PELLET and RACER have demonstrated that, even with fairly expressive fragments of OWL 2, acceptable performances can be achieved. However, it is still not well understood why reasoning is feasible in practice and it is rather unclear how to study this problem. In this paper, we suggest first steps that in our opinion could lead to a better understanding of practical complexity. We also provide and discuss some initial empirical results with HERMIT on prominent ontologies

Structural behaviour and design criteria of under-deck cable-stayed bridges subjected to seismic action

Under-deck cable-stayed bridges are very effective structural systems for which the strong contribution of the stay cables under live loading allows for the design of very slender decks for persistent and transient loading scenarios. Their behaviour when subjected to seismic excitation is investigated herein and a set of design criteria are presented that relate to the type and arrangement of bearings, the number and configuration of struts, and the transverse distribution of stay cables. The nonlinear behaviour of these bridges when subject to both near-field and far-field accelerograms has been thoroughly investigated through the use of incremental dynamic analyses. An intensity measure that reflects the pertinent contributions to response when several vibration modes are activated was proposed and is shown to be effective for the analysis of this structural type. The under-deck cable-stay system contributes in a very positive manner to reducing the response when the bridges are subject to very strong seismic excitation. For such scenarios, the reduction in the stiffness of the deck because of crack formation, when prestressed concrete decks are used, mobilises the cable system and enhances the overall performance of the system. Sets of natural accelerograms that are compliant with the prescriptions of Eurocode 8 were also applied to propose a set of design criteria for this bridge type in areas prone to earthquakes. Particular attention is given to outlining the optimal strategies for the deployment of bearings

Critical Role of Two-Dimensional Island-Mediated Growth on the Formation of Semiconductor Heterointerfaces

We experimentally demonstrate a sigmoidal variation of the composition profile across semiconductor heterointerfaces. The wide range of material systems (III-arsenides, III-antimonides, III-V quaternary compounds, III-nitrides) exhibiting such a profile suggests a universal behavior. We show that sigmoidal profiles emerge from a simple model of cooperative growth mediated by twodimensional island formation, wherein cooperative effects are described by a specific functional dependence of the sticking coefficient on the surface coverage. Experimental results confirm that, except in the very early stages, island growth prevails over nucleation as the mechanism governing the interface development and ultimately determines the sigmoidal shape of the chemical profile in these two-dimensional grown layers. In agreement with our experimental findings, the model also predicts a minimum value of the interfacial width, with the minimum attainable value depending on the chemical identity of the species.