Progress in front propagation research

We review the progress in the field of front propagation in recent years. We survey many physical, biophysical and cross-disciplinary applications, including reduced-variable models of combustion flames, Reid's paradox of rapid forest range expansions, the European colonization of North America during the 19th century, the Neolithic transition in Europe from 13 000 to 5000 years ago, the description of subsistence boundaries, the formation of cultural boundaries, the spread of genetic mutations, theory and experiments on virus infections, models of cancer tumors, etc. Recent theoretical advances are unified in a single framework, encompassing very diverse systems such as those with biased random walks, distributed delays, sequential reaction and dispersion, cohabitation models, age structure and systems with several interacting species. Directions for future progress are outlined

Abcès pulmonaires: évolution dans la prise en charge [Lung abscess: changes in the management?].

L'abcès pulmonaire se présente de manière très pléomorphe selon les germes initialement impliqués. Des symptômes gé­ néraux et une évolution souvent subaiguë sont retrouvés en cas d'aspiration de la flore oropharyngée, chez des patients avec des troubles de l'état de conscience ou de la déglutition. L'infection est très souvent polymicrobienne, avec présence de germes anaérobes dans deux tiers des cas. La prise en charge consiste en un traitement antibiotique prolongé, jusqu'à résolution ou stabilité de l'image radiologique. En cas d'état toxique ou d'absence de drainage bronchique spontané, un drainage de l'abcès est à discuter. Les sanctions chirurgicales sont peu souvent nécessaires et envisagées indépendamment de la taille de l'abcès excepté lors de néoplasie sous-jacente. Lung abscess occurs in very pleomorphic according to germs initially involved. The mechanism commonly found is an aspiration of the oropharyngeal flora in patients with disorders of consciousness or swallowing. The infection is polymicrobial, with presence of anaerobic germs in 2/3 of the cases. The support consists of a prolonged antibiotic treatment, as well as anaerobic until resolution or stability of the radiological image. In case of prolonged toxic state, drainage of the abscess is to be discussed especially if there is no airways drainage. Surgical sanctions is rarely needed regardless of the size of the abscess, unless underlying carcinoma is present.

Les conductes indisciplinades a les classes d'educació física de l'E.S.O. del Col·legi sant Antoni Abat

Aquest treball té tres objectius. El primer, conèixer el concepte de les conductes indisciplinades i les seves diferents tipologies existents a les classes d’Educació Física mitjançant una gran recerca bibliogràfica. Com a segon objectiu, esbrinar quines són les conductes indisciplinades més freqüents dels alumnes de 1r d’E.S.O A i C del Col·legi Sant Antoni Abat dins d’aquesta matèria mitjançant la utilització d’un instrument observacional per a la recollida de dades. I com a últim objectiu, descobrir les habilitats i actituds que ha de portar a terme el professor d’Educació Física per a reduir el nombre de conductes indisciplinades fent una altra recerca bibliogràfica. Aquesta ens possibilitarà la creació d’un instrument observacional dirigit als dos professors d’Educació Física amb la finalitat de saber si aquests les compleixen. Finalment, a partir dels resultats obtinguts dels dos instruments observacionals, tant dels alumnes com dels professors, compararem els resultats entre les classes del professor A i el professor B, els quals ens ajudaran a establir relacions per a respondre a la nostra hipòtesi del treball: Si els professors d’educació física porten a terme certes habilitats i actituds, llavors disminuiran el nombre de conductes indisciplinades.

Le pardon dans la Bible hébraïque

Dans la Bible hébraïque, le pardon joue un rôle dans des genres littéraires différents tels que les narratifs des patriarches, les textes législatifs, ainsi que les textes de réflexions théologiques. Plusieurs expressions s'y réfèrent : à part le verbe technique sālaḥ « pardonner », il y a également des termes métaphoriques comme « enlever», « faire passer », « éponger » et « nettoyer le péché », ou encore « ne plus s'en souvenir ». Sujet de l'acte du pardon est soit l'homme soit Dieu. Le thème du pardon est étroitement lié à celui de la transgression des normes et lois de la société comme de la religion de l'Ancien Israël. Les transgressions graves sont en principe impardonnables : elles créent une sphère du mal qui affecte tout l'environnement et peut entraîner des maladies, des incidents malencontreux, etc. En principe, cet effet perdure et ne cesse pas automatiquement, sauf si la transgression est sanctionnée d'une manière adéquate. Les sanctions se font selon les principes de la compensation, de la restitution et de la prévention : dans une ancienne collection de lois, le Code d'Alliance, le meurtre a ainsi pour conséquence la mise à mort de l'auteur du délit (cf. Ex 21,12) et le boeuf volé doit être restitué cinq fois (cf. Ex 21,37). Pour certains cas de transgressions, et sous certaines conditions, il y avait cependant des possibilités de protéger le délinquant et de substituer ou de réduire une sanction sévère prévue, voire d'y renoncer complètement. Cet article donne tout d'abord un aperçu du pardon accordé par l'homme et résume dans une deuxième partie les conceptions concernant l'arbitrage et le pardon de Dieu.

Workgroup climates and employees' counterproductive work behaviors: A social-cognitive perspective

This research examines employees' anticipation of social and self-sanctions as a self-regulatory mechanism linking workgroup climates and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) and personality as a limit to these effects. A cross-level study with 158 employees from 26 workgroups demonstrated that in groups with a high compliance climate-a climate emphasizing the importance of complying with organizational rules-employees anticipate more social and self-sanctions, leading those low in conscientiousness and low in agreeableness to engage less frequently in CWBs. In contrast, a high relational climate-a climate emphasizing the importance of positive social relations over self-interest-indirectly unbridles the CWBs of these employees by alleviating the social and self-sanctions they anticipate for CWBs. Climates did not have indirect effects for employees high in agreeableness and high in conscientiousness. These findings elucidate why workgroup climates do not affect the CWBs of all members in the same way.

11.

This chapter assesses the theories and related empirical evidence regarding the factors that explain cultural innovation by cultural organizations. It begins by defining key concepts, including what is meant by a cultural organization, cultural innovation, and the innovation referent. The chapter identifies two main disciplines that have been interested in cultural innovation or innovative programming by cultural organizations: sociology and economics. The focus, contributions, and overlap of these two disciplinary approaches to cultural innovation are discussed, and the chapter concludes by identifying some gaps and putting forward some suggestions for future research.

Changes in cannabis and tobacco use trajectories from age 17 to age 23

Much like the first volume published in 2011, the second volume of this anthology series gathers a selection of analyses which are empirically based on the data of the Swiss panel study TREE (Transitions from Education to Employment). The contributions of this volume carry on the investigation of the critical transitions during youth and young adulthood, drawing on sociological, economic, psychological and pedagogical research questions and thus highlighting the analytic and pluri-disciplinary research potential of the TREE data. One of the topical foci is the long-term influence of social origin on education and labour market pathways, particularly with regard to access to higher education.

Tilintarkastajan kurinpidollinen vastuu; TILA:n lausunnot 1990-2006

Tutkielman tavoitteena on selvittää kuinka tilintarkastajista tilintarkastuslautakunnalle tehdyt kantelut ovat muuttuneet vuosien 1990–2000 ja 2001–2006 aikana. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on tarkastella ovatko kansainvälistymisen aiheuttamat muutokset tilintarkastusta säätelevissä laeissa johtaneet kanteluiden määrälliseen tai laadulliseen muutokseen. Teoreettinen osa tarkastelee tilintarkastusta lainsäädännöllisesti sekä TILA:n tehtäviä tilintarkastusta valvovana elimenä. Empiirinen osa tutkii TILA:lle tehtyjen kanteluiden ratkaisuselosteita vuosien 1990–2000 ja 2001–2006 välillä. Kanteluita tutkitaan sekä määrällisesti että laadullisesti. Tulokset osoittavat että kanteluiden määrässä on tapahtunut muutos; vuosina 2001–2006 kanteluiden määrä on selvästi laskenut. Kanteluiden laadussa, kun sillä käsitetään kanteluiden syy sekä epäilyksen alainen toiminta, ei ole tapahtunut muutosta mutta sanktioiden jakaantumisessa eri toiminnan mukaan puolestaan on tapahtunut muutosta.

A química medicinal na próxima década

Medicinal chemistry is multi, trans and inter disciplinary on its essence. It has a great deal of challenging Brazilian chemists in the next decade. The pharmacy school is essentially attached and has an important role in the development on the field that is still in domain of big pharmaceutical industries. This work shows the challenges to face and directions to jointly follow for a myriad of researchers throughout the country. The unnamed science has to work out through specific objectives in order to diminish the problems associated with human being health. A brief history is presented where the main goal is to devise chemistry, as a natural science, and many other interfaced disciplines.

História da química e da geologia: Joseph Black e James Hutton como referências para educação em ciências

The second half of eighteenth century is marked by the advancement of chemistry and geology. The first science acquired the law of conservation of mass and this science represented a important support to geology and mineralogy. We say that both became modern science that time. Our aim is to show up some interrelations between history of chemistry and history of geology by means of the study of Joseph Black's and James Hutton's works. We defend that it is positive to science education to understand and approach the relations among different and disciplinary areas of science.

A Química Ambiental no Brasil

Defining environmental chemistry is a not an easy task because it encompasses many different topics. According to Stanley E. Manahan, author of a classical textbook of Environmental Chemistry, this branch could be defined as the one centered in the study of the sources, transport, effects and fates of chemical species in the water, soil, and air environments, as well as the influence of human activity upon these processes. More recently, new knowledge emerged from the Environmental Toxicology allowed to go even deeper in the meaning of 'effects' and 'fates' of a continuous growing number of organic and inorganic species disposed in water bodies, soils and atmosphere. Toxicity tests became an important tool to evaluate the environmental impact of such species to a great number of organisms, thus allowing to set quality criteria for drinking water, sediments and biota. The state of art shows that environmental chemistry is a multi-inter disciplinary science by nature; therefore, it needs more than a limited, unique-approach and non-oriented set of data to understand the nature of natural processes. Taking all these aspects into consideration, one can say that Environmental Chemistry in Brazil is now a well established area of research within the classical areas of the Chemistry, with a large number of emerging groups as well research groups with worldwide recognition.

Utilizando o monitoramento ambiental para o ensino da química: pedagogia de projeto

The article shows how the monitoring of the water quality can be utilized in an inter-disciplinary pedagogical project involving Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Microbiology making the apprenticeship more dynamic and consolidating the link between the student and the community.

Vertical cultural transmission effects on demic front propagation: Theory and application to the Neolithic transition in Europe

It is shown that Lotka-Volterra interaction terms are not appropriate to describe vertical cultural transmission. Appropriate interaction terms are derived and used to compute the effect of vertical cultural transmission on demic front propagation. They are also applied to a specific example, the Neolithic transition in Europe. In this example, it is found that the effect of vertical cultural transmission can be important (about 30%). On the other hand, simple models based on differential equations can lead to large errors (above 50%). Further physical, biophysical, and cross-disciplinary applications are outlined

Plan de seguridad y salud para el suministro y montaje del Parque Eólico Rancho Viejo en el T.M. de Medina-Sidonia (Cádiz)

No hace más de 3 años se podía leer en las revistas especializadas que España había pasado a ocupar el tercer puesto en el ranking mundial por potencia eólica instalada. La industria eólica española a su vez ha pasado a ocupar el tercer puesto en la fabricación e instalación de aerogeneradores, con una cuota de mercado del 13%, siendo así un sector con gran capacidad de exportación. Por otra parte, tras diez años de promulgación de la Ley 31/95, de 8 de noviembre, de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, y después su desarrollo reglamentario, es un hecho incontestable que, pese a todo, y a los ingentes esfuerzos realizados por los distintos actores implicados en la prevención de riesgos laborales (Estado, Comunidades Autónomas, Agentes Sociales, Entidades especializadas, etcetera), existe un sector como el de la construcción que, constituyendo uno de los ejes del crecimiento económico de nuestro país, está sometido a unos riesgos especiales y continúa registrando una siniestralidad laboral muy notoria por sus cifras y gravedad. La legislación de prevención, los manuales sobre las distintas disciplinas preventivas, los libros especializados, los expertos... han abordado ya, con mayor o menor acierto, muchas de las cuestiones generales y específicas que afectan a la seguridad y salud: la evaluación de riesgos, las medidas higiénicas, los equipos de trabajo y equipos de protección individual, la planificación, la formación, los servicios de prevención , los sistemas de gestión de la prevención, las auditorías ... forman parte de los contenidos que se han ido creando en torno a este tema. No obstante, resulta de gran interés la elaboración de un estudio de Seguridad y Salud, en el que partiendo de un desarrollo técnico concreto, pero sobre todo integral, es decir, que comprenda todas las fases para el suministrp e instalación de aerogeneradores para un parque eólico, vayamos desgranando cada uno de los puntos desarrollados en su construcción. Entre las conclusiones más destacadas de este trabajo, se encuentra la definición de las condiciones relativas a la prevención de accidentes y enfermedades laborales durante la ejecución de los trabajos de suministro e instalación de un parque eólico y la gestión de su prevención, las características de las instalaciones preceptivas para higiene y bienestar de los trabajadores, así como directrices básicas mínimas, que deben reflejarse y desarrollarse en el Plan de Seguridad y Salud que las empresas contratistas deberán presentar para su aprobación por el director de obra, antes del comienzo de los trabajos, de forma que sea posible la disminución de accidentes laborales así como evitar las posibles sanciones administrativas y/o penales.