999 resultados para Competição (Esportiva)
Resumo:
Uma compreensão aprofundada da dinâmica de competição portuária é particularmente importante dado o contexto atual do setor, que orienta à outorga de novos portos e terminais no Brasil, à luz da Nova Lei dos Portos, Lei Nº 12.815 de 2013. A avaliação dos reais impactos decorrentes do aumento de capacidade portuária em cada região será atividade fundamental para que, por um lado, o poder público oriente a alocação efetiva de recursos, sem prejudicar a operação dos complexos existentes; e para que a iniciativa privada, por sua vez, possa compreender os impactos dos possíveis novos empreendimentos sobre as suas operações e delinear estratégias comerciais compatíveis com o novo cenário competitivo. A partir de extensa revisão bibliográfica e da aplicação de técnicas a casos específicos, o presente trabalho detalha a dinâmica competitiva entre terminais de contêineres e avalia criticamente seis métodos utilizados para identificar a existência de competição: correlação de market share, comparação de taxas de ocupação, sobreposição de escalas marítimas, comparação de custos logísticos terrestres, representatividade da região de influência contestável e existência de poder de mercado sobre a região de influência. Dos seis métodos analisados, dois apresentam conclusões fulminantes para a questão, embora sua aplicação demande grande volume de informações; um é assertivo em condições normais de distribuição geográfica de cargas; dois apresentam condições necessárias, porém não suficientes para a identificação de competição; e um deve ser aplicado com ressalvas, uma vez que pode levar a conclusões equivocadas.
Resumo:
Tendo em conta a importância assumida das bolas paradas (BP), como elementos decisivos no desenvolvimento e decisão nos jogos de futebol, o objetivo do estudo foi construir e validar um Sistema de Observação em Competição no Futebol de Bolas Paradas (SOCFutBP), de acordo com a metodologia observacional e suportado por um software de análise de jogo (VideObserver). O estudo foi constituído por uma amostra de 80 ações de bolas paradas observadas numa das partes de um jogo de futebol do Campeonato Nacional de Juvenis de Sub-17. A metodologia de desenvolvimento do sistema de observação adotou os seguintes passos: definição de critérios (e respetivas categorias); seleção e adequação do instrumento; aperfeiçoamento e validação facial do sistema; validação propriamente dita do sistema (intra e inter-observadores) e aplicação do estudo piloto. O Sistema de Observação em Competição de Futebol de Bola Paradas (SOCFutBP) foi construído e validado apresentando dez critérios adequados e ajustados para a recolha e análise de dados no âmbito da investigação focada nas bolas paradas no Futebol, uma vez que todos os critérios apresentaram valores de K superiores a 0,75 na fiabilidade intra-observador e inter-observadores.
Resumo:
Este projeto tem o seu enquadramento no âmbito da biomecânica desportiva, aplicada ao ciclismo adaptado. Numa linha de apoio a um ciclista amputado transtibial, atleta da Seleção Nacional de ciclismo adaptado, foi desenvolvido um dispositivo de apoio para a prática da modalidade na classe C2 da União Ciclista Internacional, que consiste em pedalar com uma só perna. O protótipo do dispositivo foi desenvolvido em material compósito, otimizado com vista à redução da sua massa, testado em ambiente laboratorial e experimentado em contexto real. A disponibilização deste dispositivo ao atleta será seguramente uma mais-valia e um passo importante com vista à sua representação de Portugal nos Jogos Para-Olímpicos de 2016.
Resumo:
Alguma forma de atenção está continuamente presente na atividade consciente humana, trazendo implicações e interesses tanto de cunho clínico quanto para a Psicologia da Saúde. A atenção é entendida como um estado seletivo, intensivo e dirigido da percepção. Dentro do contexto esportivo a muito da atenção para ser explorada. O objetivo neste trabalho foi testar a atenção de goleiros de futebol de campo através de duas tarefas experimentais. Nossas hipóteses foram que prática esportiva, especificamente em goleiros, e em função do seu treinamento, melhora seu desempenho em tarefas dissociativas do contexto peculiar ao esporte. E ainda; havendo melhora no desempenho, se é devida a componente perceptivo de discriminação, ao alocamento temporal de atenção, ou à sustentação da mesma por períodos prolongados, isto é, uma maior capacidade de concentração ou menos fadigabilidade. Comparamos 27 goleiros de futebol de campo, com idades entre 15 e 27 anos; separados por tempo de treino. Utilizamos neste estudo um programa comercial de computador, configurado para a criação de testes de atenção (Stim, Neurosoft. Inc); que controla todos os aspectos da tarefa. Correlacionamos tempo de reação e porcentagem de acertos com duração do treinamento dos goleiros em meses (e com a idade). Dividimos o grupo de goleiros em dois subgrupos, pela mediana de tempo de treinamento. Apesar da alta correlação entre tempo de treinamento e idade, inevitavelmente em nossa amostra, não houve correlação significativa entre idade e desempenho em ambas as tarefas. A correlação entre desempenho e tempo de treinamento foi altamente significativa na tarefa I. Não verificamos a correlação entre desempenho e tempo de treinamento na tarefa II, apesar da correlação significativa entre desempenhos nas duas tarefas. Foram feitas análises de correlações entre tempo de treinamento e desempenho nas tarefas separadas por blocos. Na tarefa I, a correlação entre tempo de treino e desempenho em cada bloco foi sempre significativa; tanto em teste paramétrico quanto em teste não paramétrico. Já na tarefa II não houve correlação significativa em tempo de treinamento e desempenho em qualquer dos blocos. Na análise categórica, ou seja, dos grupos divididos em dois subgrupos pela mediana de tempo de treinamento; a diferença de desempenho entre os subgrupos foi significativa apenas na tarefa I, no total de acertos (T- test de amostras independentes; F=4.36, p=0.037) e em acertos nos últimos dois blocos (bloco 3 p=0.048; bloco 4 p=0.026). Com o tempo de treinamento, a melhora no que diferenciar e o aumento na condição da fadigabilidade, tende a refinar e a diminuir. A prática esportiva pode de fato melhorar a capacidade perceptiva e a sustentação da atenção, que é à base da disciplina humana para realização de qualquer tarefa. Conseqüentemente, uma melhora afetiva e somática, além disso, uma melhora cognitiva e intelectual traz consigo uma aplicabilidade real na qualidade de vida das pessoas
Resumo:
O presente estudo teve por objetivos: a) descrever estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) utilizados por adolescentes atletas participantes de competições; b) descrever e relacionar os tipos de enfrentamento desses adolescentes segundo a prática esportiva individual e coletiva c) identificar o nível de stress desses atletas; d) relacionar as estratégias de enfrentamento com grau de stress. Selecionou-se por critério aleatório e conveniência, uma amostra de 141 atletas-adolescentes, estudantes, com idades entre 15 e 18 anos, sendo 66 meninas e 75 meninos. Estes eram estudantes do ensino médio de escolas privadas da região da Grande São Paulo, atletas que treinavam e participavam de competições esportivas de âmbito escolar e alto rendimento em categorias de base. Utilizou-se uma escala auto-aplicável de enfrentamento (coping) para adolescentes, composta por 80 itens, e um inventário de stress composto por 44 itens. Os resultados indicaram qure na amostra geral houve maior emprego da estratégia de aproximação; porém, numa separação em sub-grupos foram verificadas diferenças quanto ao gênero, pois as houve predomínio da estratégia de evitação entre as meninas. Quanto ao tipo de esporte coletivo e individual não se encontraram diferenças significativas, mestre entre meninos e meninas. O grau de stress esteve em média normal na amostra geral, porém quando se separa meninos e meninas, observou-se maior presença de sintomas entre os meninos e entre atletas praticantes da modalidade individual - xadrez. Também não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na correlação entre enfrentamento e stress. Entendeu-se que esse tipo de investigação pode auxiliar na compreensão desses jovens praticantes de esporte, bem como se levanta a hipótese de que a prática esportiva escolar, ainda que em nível de competição, pode ter uma influência positiva, tanto no enfrentamento quanto na administração do stress entre esses jovens.
Resumo:
This study aims to analyze the relationship between average price with the concentration in the markets (municipalities) in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, is using a little tool applied to the Brazilian market is the spatial econometric model. A data base contains all the stations of the major cities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte and includes 142 observations on stations was used. Theoretical models predict the relationship between the number of competitors in a market and the average price; these theoretical models include: the monopolistic competition of Perloff and Salop (1985), and the search-theoretic, of Carlson and McAfee (1983) and Varian (1980). The empirical results showed that a higher density within a geographic area is associated with a lower average price, thus converging with the monopolistic competition model and with the search-theoretic of Carlson and McAfee (1983). The parameters varied little with the inclusion / exclusion of control variables, showing the robustness of them.
Resumo:
Feeding is the primary selective pressure in all forms of animals. Nutritional ecological models predict consequences of preferred and non-preferred food consumption on behavioural, physiological and morphological adaptations. At same time, socioecological models infer socio-organizarion patterns based on feeding competition faced by animals. A list of preferred foods, and inferences regarding the intensity of feeding competition and its behavioural consequences are information of much importance for management of populations in fragments. In this work we observed the feeding behavior and spatial positioning of a group of more than 100 blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius) that inhabit a fragment of Atlantic forest, surrounded by sugarcane plantation. We compared the consumption of different food items with their monthly availability in the area to define the preferred and fallback food items. We recorded the vocalizations of aggression and the inter-individual distance (area of Minimum Convex Polygon/n individuals) to infer the type of food competition experienced by animals. In the year studied the fruit feeding time correlated with top consumed fruit productivity, indicating preference for fruits. Our data indicate that the species Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. and Simarouba amara are the preferred food items in the diet. Available all year round and uniformly distributed, sugarcane was a regular item in the diet and its was characterized as a staple fallback food for this group. Although fruits are preferential food items, direct competition rate did not correlate to fruit productivity in the area, maintaining the high rates throughout the year (2.45 events/ hour). The inter-individual distance index positively correlated with rain fall indicating scramble food competition. The number of neighbours of females carrying infants was smaller when fruit productivity is low, indicating that females carrying infants are suffering increased indirect competition. Our data indicates that blond capuchins in this fragment make use of sugar cane as a staple fallback food, which evidence the importance of sugar cane landscape for the survival of this critically endangered capuchin species in fragmented habitats in Northeast Brazil. A preliminary list of preferred and important foods is offered, and can assist in the choice of trees for reforestation, better fragments to be preserved and areas of release and translocation of animals. We did not observe an increase of contest competition while using preferred foods, but when using staple FBF. This may be due the altered environment, which results in high competition food throughout the year. Both the food preference as the social and behavioral consequences of high food competition experienced by animals in this fragment must be accompanied over the years to ensure the survival of this population.
Resumo:
Feeding is the primary selective pressure in all forms of animals. Nutritional ecological models predict consequences of preferred and non-preferred food consumption on behavioural, physiological and morphological adaptations. At same time, socioecological models infer socio-organizarion patterns based on feeding competition faced by animals. A list of preferred foods, and inferences regarding the intensity of feeding competition and its behavioural consequences are information of much importance for management of populations in fragments. In this work we observed the feeding behavior and spatial positioning of a group of more than 100 blond capuchin monkeys (Sapajus flavius) that inhabit a fragment of Atlantic forest, surrounded by sugarcane plantation. We compared the consumption of different food items with their monthly availability in the area to define the preferred and fallback food items. We recorded the vocalizations of aggression and the inter-individual distance (area of Minimum Convex Polygon/n individuals) to infer the type of food competition experienced by animals. In the year studied the fruit feeding time correlated with top consumed fruit productivity, indicating preference for fruits. Our data indicate that the species Elaeis sp., Cecropia palmata, Inga spp. and Simarouba amara are the preferred food items in the diet. Available all year round and uniformly distributed, sugarcane was a regular item in the diet and its was characterized as a staple fallback food for this group. Although fruits are preferential food items, direct competition rate did not correlate to fruit productivity in the area, maintaining the high rates throughout the year (2.45 events/ hour). The inter-individual distance index positively correlated with rain fall indicating scramble food competition. The number of neighbours of females carrying infants was smaller when fruit productivity is low, indicating that females carrying infants are suffering increased indirect competition. Our data indicates that blond capuchins in this fragment make use of sugar cane as a staple fallback food, which evidence the importance of sugar cane landscape for the survival of this critically endangered capuchin species in fragmented habitats in Northeast Brazil. A preliminary list of preferred and important foods is offered, and can assist in the choice of trees for reforestation, better fragments to be preserved and areas of release and translocation of animals. We did not observe an increase of contest competition while using preferred foods, but when using staple FBF. This may be due the altered environment, which results in high competition food throughout the year. Both the food preference as the social and behavioral consequences of high food competition experienced by animals in this fragment must be accompanied over the years to ensure the survival of this population.
Resumo:
This work deals with two concepts which serve as a support for studies on sport: "sport culture" and "sport habitus". We aim to identify points of intersection and differences between them in the Brazilian field of Physical Education. We conclude that sport culture concept corresponds to the descriptive and structural dimensions of culture conformation in relation to sport in contemporary society, marked by the phenomenon of economic globalization. This concept refers to the symbolic conception of culture that understands the meanings and directions assigned to the sport phenomenon and to its practice by different individuals and social groups. The sport habitus gradually acquired through the exposure of social agents to the logic of the sport field, corresponds to a willingness to think, to make sense and to act in this space. Not everything that is culturally produced in sports is incorporated in the form of sport habitus, but the habitus is based on aspects of culture. That is, the sport culture has a plurality of manifestations that are not always incorporated in the form of a habitus. The aspect that differentiates the manipulation of concepts of culture and sport habitus is the analytical focus of each, working with both in a complementary manner might become a theoretical and methodological option that contributes to the enlargement of the analysis.
Resumo:
This work deals with two concepts which serve as a support for studies on sport: "sport culture" and "sport habitus". We aim to identify points of intersection and differences between them in the Brazilian field of Physical Education. We conclude that sport culture concept corresponds to the descriptive and structural dimensions of culture conformation in relation to sport in contemporary society, marked by the phenomenon of economic globalization. This concept refers to the symbolic conception of culture that understands the meanings and directions assigned to the sport phenomenon and to its practice by different individuals and social groups. The sport habitus gradually acquired through the exposure of social agents to the logic of the sport field, corresponds to a willingness to think, to make sense and to act in this space. Not everything that is culturally produced in sports is incorporated in the form of sport habitus, but the habitus is based on aspects of culture. That is, the sport culture has a plurality of manifestations that are not always incorporated in the form of a habitus. The aspect that differentiates the manipulation of concepts of culture and sport habitus is the analytical focus of each, working with both in a complementary manner might become a theoretical and methodological option that contributes to the enlargement of the analysis.
Resumo:
Public policies have been studied in the various fields of humanities and social sciences, from different theoretical and technical aspects. However, there is still a lack of studies that incorporate the dimension that encompasses the political action and its interference in such actions, also recognizing the importance of the institutional setting of the Brazilian presidential model in implementing these policies. This fragmented and multiparty system has led to power heterogeneous sets of political parties. Thus, the ministerial offices, more than assisting the President´s government project, manage particularized agendas, which are party biased and have the influence of interest groups in hegemonic themes addressed by government agencies. When these agendas operate in sectoral and specialized policies, the friction level is apparently low. However, when this occurs in intersectoral actions, such as in regional development, there is evidence of strong signs of competition among government agencies, which in theory, should operate in an integrated manner. Although this is not a specific feature of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva´s government- the period to be studied- there was similar behavior in Fernando Henrique Cardoso´s presidency, one realizes that the expansion of coalition on behalf of governance is increasingly interfering in the outcome of intersectoral public policies, due to these multiple arguments in action. In order to understand these processes, this study focused on the Sustainable and Integrated Development Programme for Differentiated Meso-Regions (PROMESO), part of the National Policy for Regional Development (NPRD). The program provides interface with various government agencies and their public policies in a clear intersectoral design. The research sought to identify and analyze the relationships between government agencies and their programs with interest groups, whether political parties or other segments of civil society, highlighting the logic of favoritism, which poses in second place the integration of actions in the intersectoral policies. Therefore, besides the theoretical debate that incorporates several categories of political science, public administration, public policy, geography and economics, the study focused on secondary sources, using different government agencies databases in order to raise information. It was observed that the interference of partisan politics has been disastrous for some public policies. Thus, the research confirms that cooperative character is fragile within government agencies, often limited to official documents, and that there is indeed, a striking feature of competition, especially when it comes to transversalized policies
Resumo:
This body of work discusses the gender meanings associated with cowboys while endorsing contemporary rodeos in Rio Grande do Norte as a recreational sport and a form of ludic expression. As a result, this research has focused on rodeo practices, aiming to understand the different aspects emphasizing masculinity: these associations being constructed through relationships, contexts and the competitiveness between participants. These gender meanings hinge on the desire for a wining performance and on the behaviour exhibited among cowboys outside the competitive ring in specific social settings such as parties and recreational time. The latter were the focus of the ethnographic research; direct observation and semistructured interviews with cowboys in rodeo stadiums were also used. Through qualitative analysis of the collected data, it was revealed that historically and socially different trajectories do not immediately cause a gender crisis in cowboys, but the assignment of new significance by the social acts in each historical context. However, the presence of cowboys leads to other models of masculinity configured by expressions and the insertion of new personas, not coming directly from field activities, but imbued by the symbolic elements of the cowboy persona, constructed throughout history