Transitional Justice: Conceptualising 'Transition'

Scholars and practitioners working in ‘transitional justice’ are concerned with remedies of accountability and redress in the aftermath of conflict and state repression. Transitional justice, it is argued, provides recognition of the rights of victims, promotes civic trust, and strengthens the democratic rule of law. As serious scholarship flourishes around this critical concept as never before, this new collection from Routledge meets the need for an authoritative reference work to map a vibrant site of research and reflection. In four volumes, Transitional Justice brings together foundational and the best and most influential cutting-edge materials, including key works produced before the term ‘transitional justice’ gained wide currency but which anticipate approaches now included under that rubric.

The collection covers themes such as: truth and history; acknowledgement, reconciliation, and forgiveness; retribution, restorative justice and reparations; and democracy, state-building, identity, and civil society

Urban Conflicts

Three sources of urban conflicts are identified: (1) changing state-city relationships; (2) the relationship between the dynamics of capitalist development and cities and (3) the specific dynamics of urban life and the urban environment where the city itself is seen as a causal variable. Two sets of questions cross-cut all three strands. The first addresses how violent conflicts can be regulated, transformed and rendered into more constructive non-violent conflicts through the processes of urban civil society. The second concerns how, why, and where urban conflicts turn violent and with what consequences. In summary cities now rival states as arenas and stakes in political conflict and urban conflicts have increasing transnational and transcultural salience which underlines the necessity for sustained comparative analyis

Thinking ‘Dignity’ as a basis towards inclusive development

In an era of increasing political disenfranchisement, deep economic inequalities and associated social humiliations encountered by the rapidly globalising planet, this paper seeks to chart the current thinking about the paths that civil society need to take in order to achieve distinctive peace. Here commitment as part of the universal cosmopolitan order is critical to go beyond the binaries of religious and cultural differences. The role of dignity, of interdependency, respect and understanding has become all the more critical to sustain hope and life in this age of austerity. The paper argues for an empowered citizenship, based on dignity and respect to think socially towards inclusive development.

A cartografia educacional de um território como fator enriquecedor da oferta educativa. O caso da localidade de São José da Lamarosa

Com a elaboração da cartografia educacional do território da localidade de São José da Lamarosa, concelho de Coruche, pretendia-se identificar e caraterizar, com algum pormenor, as aprendizagens institucionais que estiveram disponíveis nesse território, no período 2005-2010. Aspirava-se identificar o potencial formador das várias instituições da sociedade civil, nos contextos formais e não formais de educação, assim como o seu contributo para a qualificação da população. Realizou-se uma primeira abordagem teórica, fundamentada nos contributos de diversos autores no campo de estudo em análise, tomando por base as palavras-chave estabelecidas e registadas nesta página. A fim de realizar o estudo empírico optou-se por uma metodologia de complementaridade entre o cariz qualitativo e o cariz quantitativo, com aproximação ao estudo de caso, optando-se por uma análise de dados efetuada de forma descritiva e interpretativa. A recolha de dados realizou-se através da aplicação de inquérito por questionário aplicado. Depois da recolha, análise e interpretação dos dados recolhidos estabeleceram-se algumas considerações, realçando-se o importante potencial formador das instituições inquiridas, que organizaram e disponibilizaram atividades propensas a situações de aprendizagem, e que constituíram uma maior valia para o território. Salientou-se ainda a necessidade de uma reestruturação organizacional a nível das instituições mais ativas do território, no sentido de se estabelecerem parcerias mais consistentes, contribuindo para a real qualificação do território. No final da dissertação expressaram-se recomendações e sugestões que poderão potenciar futuras investigações; ### Abstract: The cartography educational territory of the village of São José da Lamarosa aims to identify and characterize, in some detail, learned that were available at that territory in the period of 2005-2010. The aim of this study is to identify the potential forming for the various civil society institutions in formal and non-formal education, as well as it’s contribute to the population quality. Held to the first theoretical approach, based on the contributions from various authors on the field study analysis, established and make registered based to the keywords on this page. In the order to perform the empirical study chosen complementary methodology between the qualitative and quantitative methods, with the case study approach, opting for a data analysis performed in descriptive and interpretative. Collection data was realized through by the applicable questionnaires. After the collection, analysis and interpretation data had to settle down some considerations, underlying the important potential trainers from some institutions that organized and provided prone learning activities, which constitute the greater value to the territory. Also mention for the needs of some restructuring organizational within the more active institutions in that territory, in order to establish more consistent partnerships, to contribute for the real territory qualification. At the end of this thesis will express some recommendations and suggestions that may useful for the future research.

e-Participação : estudo sobre a participação em ambiente Web 2.0

Como reflexo da crescente disponibilização de recursos tecnológicos em ambiente Web 2.0 tem-se assistido, de forma gradual, a um contraponto de ordem social à inércia do poder político em sede da participação, traduzido numa intervenção mais ativa dos cidadãos, individualmente ou sob a forma de grupos de interesses, com recurso a processos de interação nos media participativos, nomeadamente nas redes sociais. Embora seja possível reconhecer alguma evolução no sentido da transparência na ação dos Governos, através de canais habitualmente mais vocacionados para procedimentos comunicacionais de natureza unidirecional, este estudo decorreu no sentido da caraterização das práticas participativas dos cidadãos, em ambiente digital, e das políticas e canais disponibilizados pelas administrações públicas, nomeadamente no âmbito da EU, em função dos compromissos assumidos por parte dos seus Estados-Membros para a criação e implementação de mecanismos de interação, no sentido de uma democracia digital, que enquanto conceção, enquadraria a participação dos cidadãos. Com este estudo pretendeu-se identificar necessidades e expectativas dos cidadãos, no contexto da cidadania participativa ou da democracia digital, sendo referenciados contextos enquadradores, correspondentes aos níveis da intervenção no exercício da cidadania em ambiente Web e ao estado da arte da componente que nessa matéria caberia aos Estados, nomeadamente no contexto da União Europeia e em particular, em Portugal. Para a concretização deste trabalho recorreu-se a bibliografia diversa, a exemplos práticos e à expressão da opinião de entidades singulares de reconhecido mérito e de representantes de Organizações da sociedade civil, sob a forma de entrevistas, parecendo pode retirar-se que as TIC não terão de assumir como objetivo procurar implantar uma democracia direta, em detrimento do contexto representativo, antes vir o seu potencial tecnológico a assumir um papel relevante no âmbito da complementaridade de interesses entre os poderes e os cidadãos.

Políticas, conceções e práticas dominantes do ensino superior em Moçambique

O presente trabalho começa por analisar a evolução dos sistemas ao longo de vários períodos históricos, bem como os conceitos e tipologias que os sustentam, no quadro da problemática e da conceptualização teórica do ensino superior. A origem da universidade na idade média, na Europa e em outras partes do mundo, fundamenta-se, principalmente, na procura do saber e nas condicionantes socioeconómicas da época. A evolução da universidade sustentada pela narrativa da modernidade, resultou em modelos diferenciados de ensino superior, que mantinham, no entanto, a razão e a epistemologia do conhecimento académico, como fatores unificadores. O modelo utilizado para traduzir a referida evolução, é proposto por Scott (1995) e configura a relação que se estabelece entre a universidade e outras formas de ensino superior. Na sequência do desenvolvimento dos sistemas, suscitados pelas relações entre os diversos atores envolvidos no ensino superior, procurou-se evidenciar a relação entre o Estado o mercado e os académicos, bem como outros atores sociopolíticos, institucionais e da sociedade civil. O quadro de análise dos mecanismos de coordenação destas envolventes, baseou-se no “Triângulo de Clark”, complementado com o modelo da “Metáfora da Flutuação”. Desde o início da década de 80 do século XX, que a missão, o modo de organização e o funcionamento das IES têm vindo a ser questionadas, como resultado das mudanças económicas de cariz neoliberal. Este cenário, propiciador de crises e de transformações, não tem impedido, porém, de manter o papel fundamental da universidade como produtora e difusora do conhecimento. No contexto da globalização e da cada vez maior influência do mercado no ensino superior, procura-se impor um modelo hegemonizado de racionalidade económica, competitividade e eficiência - o managerialismo. Não obstante alguns êxitos, esta ideologia não tem sido completamente bem-sucedida. Aliás, à tentativa da globalização de gerar uma ordem uniformista, têm sido contrapostos modelos de recontextualização que procuram refletir as realidades locais. Embora num reduzido número de países, África, registou formas de ensino superior endógenas, no período pré-colonial. Depois do espectro colonial que mantém, ainda hoje, a sua influência, os sistemas debatem-se na atualidade com diferentes dilemas, originados pelas correntes da globalização. Porém, o ensino superior em África assume um papel central no contexto do desenvolvimento dos diferentes países contribuindo, igualmente, para a construção da Nação e da sua identidade. Esta dimensão, não é impeditiva do seu envolvimento, nos desafios da sociedade e da economia do conhecimento, buscando, ao mesmo tempo, modelos e práticas equilibradoras, que proporcionem uma resposta satisfatória às necessidades sociais e económicas, nacionais e regionais. Ao enquadrar o sistema de ensino superior em Moçambique merecem destaque as etapas do processo histórico, nomeadamente o surgimento dos estudos gerais universitários como primeira forma de ensino superior mais tarde transformada em universidade, a mudança de paradigma após a independência nacional, a abertura ao setor privado e, ainda, a expansão do sistema. A discussão sobre políticas e estratégias é sustentada pela análise dos respetivos planos estratégicos bem como, pela compreensão das leis fundamentais e respetivos documentos reguladores. Este conjunto de instrumentos concorre para a reforma do sistema, que se procura implementar em Moçambique. Nesta sequência, é de salientar o debate público realizado em torno das qualificações e graus oficialmente estabelecidos, que parece constituir uma problemática ainda não completamente resolvida. Numa outra parte do trabalho, procede-se à apresentação e análise dos resultados de uma investigação sobre o ensino superior em Moçambique. Seguindo uma metodologia de análise qualitativa, foi possível estruturar a informação obtida, em diferentes dimensões e categorias. A informação foi recolhida e tratada, a partir de entrevistas efetuadas a diferentes grupos de atores, direta ou indiretamente relacionados com o ensino superior em Moçambique. Os resultados da análise conduziram à sistematização de um conjunto de linhas de força e ao traçar de conclusões, contributivas para a melhoria do quadro de referência sobre políticas, conceções e práticas do ensino superior em Moçambique.

Tourism in Timor Leste: contributions to a sustainable development

The main goal of this thesis is to analyse tourism as a contributor to sustainable development, from a supply and demand perspective, in Timor-Leste, a destination not only “young” but also framed in an early stage of touristic development. From the supply side, studies 1 and 2 present a literature review on the concept of sustainable development, in small islands destinations, its weaknesses and vulnerabilities, and whose attractiveness lies in an integrated set of natural resources (attractive beaches, biodiversity, the coral triangle, a rich fauna and flora), its geographic location, tropical climate, socio cultural tradition and a Luso-Timorense cultural mix, that can meet the needs of important segments of the tourist demand. In these studies, the focus is on the residents’ attitudes in relation to sustainable development and, in particular, on the perceptions of local leaders about the importance of the operationalization of the concept. As Timor-Leste is a “young” destination, it is travel industry is still faced with several problems in order to be able to satisfy the demand and to meet the tourists’ motivations, preferences and requirements. In this perspective, the study 3 examines diaspora tourism, while a niche market, allowing for not only the entry of Timor-Leste in the international tourism market, but also an articulation between the people of Timor-Leste in the diasporas and the development of sustainable tourism . In general, the results show that the development of sustainable tourism cannot be successfully implemented without the involvement of all stakeholders such as residents, public sector (local government, policy makers, planners), private sector (tourism operators), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that include civil society, religious institutions, the academic community (the supply side), and Timorese diasporas tourists as consumers (the demand side).

Transformation or bureaucratisation?: the changing role of community representation in local strategic partnerships in England

The debate about the need to build social capital and to engage local communities in public policy has become a central issue in many advanced liberal societies and developing countries. In many countries new forms of governance have emerged out of a growing realisation that representative democracy by itself is no longer sufficient. One of the most significant public policy trends in the UK has been the involvement of community organisations and their members in the delivery of national policy, mediated through local systems of governance and management. One such policy area is urban regeneration. Central government now requires local authorities in England to set up Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) to bring together stakeholders who can prepare Community Strategies and deliver social and economic programmes which target areas of deprivation. This paper reviews the key institutional processes which must be addressed, such as representation, accountability and transformation.

Brazil's Emerging Roadmap for Internet Governance

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2014

Portugal's Quota-Parity Law: An Analysis of its Adoption

In August 2006, Portugal approved a new quota law, called the parity law. According to this, all candidate lists presented for local, parliamentary, and European elections must guarantee a minimum representation of 33 per cent for each sex. This article analyses the proximate causes that led to the adoption of gender quotas by the Portuguese Parliament. The simple answer is that the law’s passage was a direct consequence of a draft piece of legislation presented by the Socialist Party (PS), which enjoyed a majority. However, the reasons that led the PS to push through a quota law remain unclear. Using open-ended interviews with key women deputies from all the main Portuguese political parties, and national public opinion data, among other sources, the role of four actors/factors that were involved in the law’s adoption are critically examined: notably, civil society actors, state actors, international and transnational actors, and the Portuguese political context.

The role, organisation and contribution of community enterprise to urban regeneration policy in the UK

This monograph investigates the organisation, constitution and delivery of community-based organisations which are normally called community enterprises in the UK. These are organisations which emerge from local communities at the neighbourhood level, work in partnership with the public and private sectors, and provide a range of services to meet social, economic and environmental needs. The main focus of the paper is to explore how these organisations contribute to local regeneration strategies, generate social capital and contribute towards the promotion of civil society in general. The main emphasis is on organisations in England and Wales but comparisons are made with the USA and other countries where relevant literature is available. The key questions to be answered relate to the organisation and management of these bodies; the extent to which they engage with and contribute to local regeneration strategies; and the impact they have particularly in acquiring and managing assets. The diversity of the sector, and the range, scale and level of benefits it can deliver is illustrated through five detailed case studies of community enterprises established at different times, in different geographical locations and with different objectives and funding regimes. But, whilst the UK political economy is moving towards less state intervention and more community self-help, the community development corporations in the USA provide an indication of the future direction community enterprises might take in the UK as part of a broad trend towards civic capacity building.

Institutions of Activism: Museums and Ukraine’s Revolution of Dignity

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2015-12

Democracy, cosmopolitanism and national identity in a ‘globalising’ world

Broadly globalising processes have been in train for centuries, but contemporary discourse about globalisation is here located within a specific historical context, particularly characterised by new forms of communications and the pressures on states produced by the decline of Keynesianism and the end of the Cold War. Coincident changes also led to a growing interest in national identities, marked not least by the founding of this journal in 1999. Globalisation, a series of processes rather than a single force, has a range of effects on states, nations and national identities, including accommodation and adaptation as well as resistance. Indeed, globalising forces, such as democratisation, are shown to require nation-building. Attempts to impose order on international society through cosmopolitan devices are arguably more inimical to national identities. As with nations, cosmopolitanism involves an imagined community. Because this necessarily exists outside time, the building of a sense of trust and commonality across people and territory is however more challenging. Without popular ownership, it is argued, cosmopolitanism is often more likely to appear a threat than a boon. Building a global civil society, or indeed local democracies, is also unlikely when so many societies still lack local versions anchored in some form of national identity.

The potential for neighbourhood regeneration in a period of austerity: changing forms of neighbourhood governance in two cities

Localism is an active political strategy, developed in a period of austerity by the UK's coalition government as a justification for the restructuring of state-civil society relationships. The deprived neighbourhood has long been a site for service delivery and a scale for intervention and action, giving rise to a variety of forms of neighbourhood governance. Prior international comparative research indicated convergence with the US given the rise of the self-help conjuncture and the decline of neighbourhood governance as a medium of regeneration. The subsequent shift in the UK paradigm from ‘big’ to ‘small state’ localism and deficit-reducing cuts to public expenditure confirm these trends, raising questions about the forms of neighbourhood governance currently being established, the role being played by local and central government, and the implications for neighbourhood regeneration. Two emerging forms of neighbourhood governance are examined in two urban local authorities and compared with prior forms examined in earlier research in the case study sites. The emerging forms differ significantly in their design and purpose, but as both are voluntary and receive no additional funding, better organised and more affluent communities are more likely to pursue their development. While it is still rather early to assess the capacity of these forms to promote neighbourhood regeneration, the potential in a period of austerity appears limited. Reduced funding for local services increases the imperative to self-help, while rights to local voice remain limited and the emerging forms provide little scope to influence (declining) local services and (still centralised) planning decisions, especially in neighbourhoods with regeneration needs which are likely to lack the requisite capacities, particularly stores of linking social capital. Initial conclusions suggest greater polarity and the further containment of deprived neighbourhoods.

What works for Nutrition? Stories of success from Vietnam, Uganda and Kenya

This report discusses the drivers of progress in tackling multiple forms of malnutrition in these three countries: Vietnam, Uganda, and Kenya. It also identifies some of the challenges which pose as barriers to sustaining progress. Finally, it makes recommendations for key stakeholders such as governments of high burden countries, donor governments, development partners, and civil society, on their role to promote further success.