Social-cognitive Antecedents of Ambidextrous Orientation in Family-owned Startups: The Role of Family Ties, Achievement Motivation, and Internal Locus of Control

Regulatory Focus Theory predicts that the motivation to self-regulate goal-directed thought and behavior depends on two distinct regulation strategies: a promotion focus based on attaining gains and a prevention focus based on avoiding losses. This study took a social-cognitive approach predicting that regulatory focus has an impact on how family startups (several family related founders) explore “new ideas”, exploit “old certainties” and achieve the balance of both (ambidexterity), compared to lone founder startups (only one founder present). It was proposed that the social context of family ties among founders leads them to a prevention focus concerned with avoiding the loss of the socio-emotional benefits of those ties. In order to avoid such a loss, family founders were expected to increase their risk perceptions and thus, explore less than lone founders, who lack such socio-emotional ties. It was also proposed that two commonly used psychological traits in entrepreneurship research --achievement motivation and internal locus of control, predispose entrepreneurs to a promotion focus. Founders with a promotion focus, in turn, were hypothesized to lead startups to more risk-seeking behaviors and to more explorative orientation. The previous argument was used as a springboard to derive hypotheses about ambidexterity (the ability to exploit and explore simultaneously) and survival hazards. Using Regulatory Focus Theory, exploitative orientation, conceptualized as the motivational strength to continue on previous paths of action, was hypothesized to be not significantly different from that of lone founder startups. Taking previous arguments together, lone founder startups were hypothesized to be more ambidextrous than family startups. Finally, ambidexterity and internal locus of control were hypothesized to reduce survival hazards in family startups. The findings suggested that family startups explore less than lone founder startups even after controlling for group effects. Interesting but contradictory findings revealed that internal locus of control have both a positive direct effect and a positive interaction that increases the explorative and ambidextrous orientation gap of family startups over lone founder startups. As expected, ambidexterity and internal locus of control reduced survival hazards on family startups. Implications for practitioners were derived based on a sample of 470 nascent entrepreneurs.

Validade estrutural e concorrente das escalas de integração social no ensino superior e de suporte relacional extra-universitário

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Emotional Skills and Promoting School Success in the 3rd Cycle: Students Perception

The perceptions about school play a central role in behavior, performance and learning outcomes. There is evidence that an improvement in emotional skills is associated with a higher school success. The aim of this paper is to know the relationship between internalizing and externalizing behaviors, emotional skills and academic success of students of the 3rd cycle of basic education. In order to promote students social and emotional skills, a pilot study in a School Grouping of the central region (Portugal) was carried out. It was made a diagnosis of disruptive behavior (ASEBA) and identified 6 children aged between 12 and 14 years old and followed by 3 focus groups with students, parents, and teachers, respectively. Six students mostly male were identified, with the predominance of externalizing behaviors and academic failure. They don’t like school and have no motivation for learning. The relationship between parents and teachers is conflictive. All parents have the utmost concern academic success and teachers perceived good practices, but without success. This program is seen in a perspective of empowerment of the educational agents to manage various environments and relationships. The results point to the importance of the systemic intervention program on the improvement of the social and emotional competences and academic achievement.

Emotional skills and promoting School Success in the 3rd cycle: students perception

Problem Statement: The perceptions about school, play a central role in behavior, performance and results. There is evidence that an improvement in emotional skills is associated with a higher success. Research Questions: What is the relationship between internalizing and externalizing behaviors, emotional skills and academic success in the 3rd cycle of basic education? Purpose of Study: To promote social and emotional skills of students, in the 3rd cycle of basic education. Research Methods: A pilot study with groups of 7th year at a school central Portugal. Made diagnosis of disruptive behavior (ASEBA) was identified 6 children aged 12 0s and 14 and followed by 3 focus groups with students, parents, and teachers respectively. Findings: 6 students mostly male were identified (70 %), with the predominance of externalizing behaviors and academic failure. Not like school (80%) and have no motivation for learning. The relationship between parents and teachers is conflituoso. 100 % of parents have the utmost concern academic success and teachers perceptional good practices, but without success. Conclusions: This program is seen in a perspective of empowerment of the various educational agents to manage various environments and relationships. The results point to the importance of the focus group in the awareness of relational problems in schools. Less adjusted change behaviors imply the involvement of all educators.

Apoio social, saúde mental e bem-estar em idosos institucionalizados e não institucionalizados

O apoio social e o bem-estar são variantes importantes para a saúde mental, em particular, quando se trata da população idosa. O presente estudo visa avaliar o apoio social, o bem-estar e a saúde mental em idosos não institucionalizados e institucionalizados. O método utilizado é o quantitativo, tendo sido realizado um estudo descritivo-correlacional, comparativo, transversal, com uma amostra de 100 idosos: 50 institucionalizados em lar e 50 não institucionalizados, mas que frequentam o centro de dia. Os instrumentos de recolha de dados foram a Escala de Bem-Estar Mental de Warwick-Edimburgh (WEMWBS); a Escala Continuum de Saúde Mental (MHC-SF); a Escala de Rede de Apoio Social de Lubben (LSNS-6); Questionário Sociodemográfico. Genericamente, os resultados demonstram que a maioria dos participantes apresenta níveis elevados de bem-estar, nomeadamente bem-estar emocional, bem-estar psicológico e bem-estar social, encontrando-se maioritariamente em flourishing. Relativamente ao apoio social, este evidencia-se como razoável ao nível da família e baixo ao nível dos amigos. Na análise da relação entre bem-estar, saúde mental e apoio social nos idosos em estudo, foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas positivas entre todas estas dimensões, quer nos indivíduos não institucionalizados e quer nos institucionalizados. Assim, a relação positiva encontrada entre a maioria das variáveis consideradas permite concluir que o bem-estar, a saúde mental e o suporte social se encontram relacionados. Os idosos mais velhos, em particular os institucionalizados, são os que apresentam resultados mais baixos ao nível do bem-estar mental, emocional e suporte social.

Íntimamente distantes: diferencia social en las intimidades del servicio doméstico

En este trabajo de investigación cualitativa exploro las formas en que la desigualdad social se proyecta en las intimidades del servicio doméstico. Me intereso por analizar las experiencias y trayectorias de vida de tres mujeres que trabajan como empleadas domésticas en Bogotá, en torno a las tensiones que implican las diferencias sociales entre patronos y empleadas. Por un lado, propongo considerar las experiencias de los procesos de violencias en las trayectorias de estas mujeres como aspectos que marcan de forma contundente la distancia social entre ellas y sus empleadores. Por otra parte, abordo discusiones analíticas en torno a las definiciones de intimidad para comprender las contradicciones, ambigüedades y ejercicios de poder que configuran diferentes situaciones de intimidad en estas relaciones de servicio doméstico. El argumento central de este texto sostiene que en el servicio doméstico se dan múltiples configuraciones de intimidad que están entretejidas por las diferentes formas en que se marcan las diferencias sociales entre las empleadas y los empleadores. Las relaciones de servicio doméstico difieren entre sí en función de las formas de acceder y transferir informaciones privadas entre las empleadas y los patrones, así como según los modos en que se establecen vínculos de confianza y afecto entre ellos. De igual manera, expongo cómo operan las intimidades ilícitas “compartidas” e “individuales” en el marco de la “intimidad pública” de los hogares para los que trabajan las empleadas domésticas.

Adesão ao tratamento em pacientes com depressão major: A influência da percepção de doença, suporte social, espiritualidade e do estado emocional

Este estudo teve como finalidade investigar a relação entre alguns factores psicossociais e a adesão terapêutica, utilizando como variáveis preditoras, as representações de doença, a ansiedade e depressão as previsões de suporte social, e a espiritualidade e como variáveis de resultado, a adesão ao regime terapêutico, através da avaliação da adesão à medicação. Pretendeu-se testar quatro hipóteses: (1) Prevê-se que as representações de depressão nas suas dimensões da consequências, duração e controlo pessoal e de tratamento, identidade, preocupação, emoções e compreensão da doença sejam preditores significativos da adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso; (2) Prevê-se que os níveis de ansiedade e depressão dos doentes depressivos estarão significativa e negativamente correlacionados com os níveis de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso; (3) Prevê-se que os níveis de suporte social percebido estarão significativa e positivamente correlacionados com os níveis de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e (4) Prevê-se que os níveis de espiritualidade se encontrem significativa e positivamente correlacionados com os níveis de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, com desenho correlacionai e foi desenvolvido num Hospital da Região do Alentejo, mais especificamente, num Departamento de Psiquiatria a saúde Mental, com uma amostra não aleatória de 15 pacientes com o diagnóstico de Depressão. Os resultados confirmaram parcialmente a primeira hipótese, sendo as representações de doença, nas suas dimensões controlo pessoal, controlo do tratamento e emoções preditores significativos da adesão (mais especificamente das alterações das doses da medicação). A segunda hipótese também foi confirmada parcialmente, sendo a depressão preditora da adesão (tanto na dimensão do esquecimento, quanto na alteração das doses da medicação). A terceira hipótese foi, também, parcialmente confirmada sendo a aliança fiável preditora significativa da adesão (na dimensão do esquecimento da toma da medicação). Por último, a quarta hipótese foi igualmente confirmada parcialmente sendo a esperança/optimismo preditora significativa da adesão (tanto na dimensão do esquecimento, quanto na alteração das doses da medicação). Nas análises exploratórias verificou-se a influência da variável sócio­ demográfico “sexo” nas representações cognitivas e também na depressão. A "idade" também demonstrou algum efeito nas alterações à medicação e nas provisões sociais. O "estado civil" mostrou efeito no aconselhamento e na oportunidade de prestação de valores. As variáveis clínicas também mostraram ter influência. O "tempo de doença" mostrou efeito significativo nas representações emocionais, nas crenças, esperança/optimismo e no esquecimento da medicação. A "duração do tratamento com medicação" mostrou efeito na compreensão da doença e no esquecimento da medicação. Por fim, são apresentadas algumas implicações da depressão, bem como algumas sugestões para estudos futuros. /ABSTRACT: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between some psychosocial factors and the adherence, using as predictor variables, the representations of illness, the anxiety and depression, the social support predictions, and spirituality, and as outcome variables, adherence to treatment regimen, through the assessment of medication adherence. lt was intended to test four hypotheses: (1) lt is expected that the depression representations in its dimensions of consequences, duration and personal control and treatment, identity, concern, emotions and disease understanding are significant predictors of adherence to therapy; (2) lt is expected that anxiety and depression levels in depressed patients are significantly and negatively correlated with the levels of adherence to therapy; (3) lt is expected that the levels of perceived social support are significantly and positively correlated with the levels of adherence to drug treatment and (4) lt is expected that the levels of spirituality are significantly and positively correlated with levels of adherence to therapy. This was a cross-sectional study with correlational design and was developed in one Hospital of the Alentejo Region, more specifically, in a Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, with a non¬random sample of 15 patients diagnosed with depression. The results partially confirmed the first hypothesis, being the representations of disease, in its dimensions of personal control, treatment control and emotions, significant predictors of adherence (more specifically, of the changes in the doses of medication). The second hypothesis was also partially confirmed, with depression being a predictor of adherence {both in the extent of oblivion and in the changes of medication doses). The third hypothesis was also partially confirmed, being the trustable alliance a quite significantly reliable predictor of adherence {in the dimension of the medication oblivion). Finally, the fourth hypothesis was equally partially confirmed, being the hope/optimism significant predictor of adherence (both in the extent of oblivion and in changing doses of medication). ln exploratory analyzes, it was verified the influence of socio-demographic variable "sex" in the cognitive representations and also in depression. The "age" also had some effect on changes to medication and social provisions. The "marital status" had effect in the counseling and in the opportunity to provide values. The clinical variables also proved to have influence. "Time sickness" had a significant effect on emotional representations, beliefs, hope/optimism and medication oblivion. The "treatment duration with medication" had effect in the disease understanding and the medication oblivion. Finally, are presented some implications of depression as well as some suggestions for future studies.

The dark and bright side of remote work: social isolation, concentration, and performance of remote workers

This dissertation, comprised of three separate studies, focuses on the relationship between remote work adoption and employee job performance, analyzing employee social isolation and job concentration as the main mediators of this relationship. It also examines the impact of concern about COVID-19 and emotional stability as moderators of these relationships. Using a survey-based method in an emergency homeworking context, the first study found that social isolation had a negative effect on remote work productivity and satisfaction, and that COVID-19 concerns affected this relationship differently for individuals with high and low levels of concern. The second study, a diary study analyzing hybrid workers, found a positive correlation between work from home (WFH) adoption and job performance through social isolation and job concentration, with emotional stability serving respectively as a buffer and booster in the relationships between WFH and the mediators. The third study, even in this case a diary study of hybrid workers, confirmed the benefits of work from home on job performance and the importance of job concentration as a mediator, while suggesting that social isolation may not be significant when studying employee job performance, but it is relevant for employee well-being. Although each study provides autonomously a discussion and research and practical implications, this dissertation also presents a general discussion on remote work and its psychological implications, highlighting areas for future research

[the Teaching Of Social Sciences In Health: Between Practice And Theory].

The models of teaching social sciences and clinical practice are insufficient for the needs of practical-reflective teaching of social sciences applied to health. The scope of this article is to reflect on the challenges and perspectives of social science education for health professionals. In the 1950s the important movement bringing together social sciences and the field of health began, however weak credentials still prevail. This is due to the low professional status of social scientists in health and the ill-defined position of the social sciences professionals in the health field. It is also due to the scant importance attributed by students to the social sciences, the small number of professionals and the colonization of the social sciences by the biomedical culture in the health field. Thus, the professionals of social sciences applied to health are also faced with the need to build an identity, even after six decades of their presence in the field of health. This is because their ambivalent status has established them as a partial, incomplete and virtual presence, requiring a complex survival strategy in the nebulous area between social sciences and health.

[almost An Autobiography: A Study Of Social Scientists In Health Based On The Lattes Curriculum].

Among the various ways of adopting the biographical approach, we used the curriculum vitaes (CVs) of Brazilian researchers who work as social scientists in health as our research material. These CVs are part of the Lattes Platform of CNPq - the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, which includes Research and Institutional Directories. We analyzed 238 CVs for this study. The CVs contain, among other things, the following information: professional qualifications, activities and projects, academic production, participation in panels for the evaluation of theses and dissertations, research centers and laboratories and a summarized autobiography. In this work there is a brief review of the importance of autobiography for the social sciences, emphasizing the CV as a form of autobiographical practice. We highlight some results, such as it being a group consisting predominantly of women, graduates in social sciences, anthropology, sociology or political science, with postgraduate degrees. The highest concentration of social scientists is located in Brazil's southern and southeastern regions. In some institutions the main activities of social scientists are as teachers and researchers with great thematic diversity in research.

[larynx Cancer: Quality Of Life And Voice After Treatment].

Treatments for patients with laryngeal cancer often have an impact on physical, social, and psychological functions. To evaluate quality of life and voice in patients treated for advanced laryngeal cancer through surgery or exclusive chemoradiation. Retrospective cohort study with 30 patients free from disease: ten total laryngectomy patients without production of esophageal speech (ES); ten total laryngectomy patients with tracheoesophageal speech (TES), and ten with laryngeal speech. Quality of life was measured by SF-36, Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) protocols, applied on the same day. The SF-36 showed that patients who received exclusive chemoradiotherapy had better quality of life than the TES and ES groups. The V-RQOL showed that the voice-related quality of life was lower in the ES group. In the VHI, the ES group showed higher scores for overall, emotional, functional, and organic VHI. Quality of life and voice in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy was better than in patients treated surgically. The type of medical treatment used in patients with laryngeal cancer can bring changes in quality of life and voice.

Juan César García: Social Medicine As Project And Endeavor.

This paper analyses some aspects of the trajectory of the Argentinian physician and sociologist Juan César García (1932-1984) in the field of Latin American Social Medicine. Three dimensions constituting his basic orientations are highlighted: the elaboration of systematic and reflective social thought; a critical attitude in questioning teaching and professional practices; a commitment to the institutionalization and dissemination of health knowledge.

Brazilian multicentre study of common mental disorders in primary care: rates and related social and demographic factors

Mental health problems are common in primary health care, particularly anxiety and depression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and their associations with socio-demographic characteristics in primary care in Brazil (Family Health Strategy). It involved a multicenter cross-sectional study with patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza (Ceará State) and Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul State), assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The rate of mental disorders in patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre were found to be, respectively, 51.9%, 53.3%, 64.3% and 57.7% with significant differences between Porto Alegre and Fortaleza compared to Rio de Janeiro after adjusting for confounders. Prevalence proportions of mental problems were especially common for females, the unemployed, those with less education and those with lower incomes. In the context of the Brazilian government's moves towards developing primary health care and reorganizing mental health policies it is relevant to consider common mental disorders as a priority alongside other chronic health conditions.

Quality of life in patients with ileal pouch for ulcerative colitis

INTRODUCTION:proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the standard surgical procedure for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and is associated with the prospect of cure. Experience gained over the years has demonstrated the occurrence of a high number of complications as well as bowel disorders that can compromise quality of life (QoL).OBJECTIVE:evaluate QoL in patients with IPAA for ulcerative colitis.PATIENTS AND METHODS:the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) was used to assess QoL in patients with IPAA after its validation in Portuguese.RESULTS:thirty-one patients submitted to IPAA by the same group of professionals were evaluated. QoL was classified as regular in all domains evaluated (intestinal and systemic symptoms and emotional and social aspects). There were no differences in relation to gender, type of pouch or postoperative time. However, elderly patients showed a tendency toward lower scores. Having a professional activity was associated with higher scores in systemic symptoms and social aspects (p < 0.05). Patients with ileostomy showed lower values in the domains of systemic symptoms, emotional and social aspects (p <0.05).CONCLUSION:in all domains assessed, patients with IPAA for UC had QoL classified as regular. Ileostomy and lack of professional activity negatively influenced QoL.

Identidade social e auto conceito do dançarino em cadeira de rodas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física