Retos en el cumplimiento del protocolo de Palermo. Estudio de caso: trata de personas con fines de explotación sexual en Colombia

El presente estudio de caso tiene como objetivo analizar los retos frente al cumplimiento del Protocolo de Palermo, en materia de explotación sexual, en el Sistema Institucional Colombiano, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2003 y 2014. De manera preliminar se indica que dichos retos son político-jurídicos en cuanto a la manera en la que se cumplen los tratados internacionales, las obligaciones derivadas de ellos y quiénes tienen competencia para desarrollar los mandatos contenidos en los mismos. Igualmente existen retos institucionales y organizacionales pues Colombia carece de una estructura organizacional clara y la coordinación inter-agencial es escasa en materia de trata. En este sentido, esta investigación tiene un enfoque multidisciplinar, puesto que combina aspectos propios tanto del Derecho Internacional Público como de las Relaciones Internacionales. Para ello, se hará un análisis cualitativo por medio del análisis de datos y de literatura académica respecto a la trata de personas en Colombia, con el fin de lograr comprender con mayor precisión el panorama actual del país respecto al flagelo.

Trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en el marco de cooperación de Naciones Unidas y su Oficina UNODC. Colombia (2007—2010)

El interés de este caso de estudio es mostrar un diagnóstico sobre la situación de trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en Colombia, basado en el avance de las acciones emprendidas por parte de los Organismos Internacionales y del Estado, durante el periodo comprendido entre los años 2007 y 2010. A partir de lo anterior, se utilizaron tres conceptos claves los cuales fueron: Globalización, Derechos Humanos y Perspectiva de Género con el fin de hacer una descripción del fenómeno de trata en Colombia. Se plantean como propósitos particulares contextualizar el fenómeno de la trata y su impacto a nivel mundial, identificar las políticas del Estado; y finalmente identificar el rol que tuvo la participación de Organización de las Naciones Unidas y su oficina especial UNODC frente al delito de trata de mujeres con fines de explotación sexual en Colombia.

" Sucursal do Paraíso: Libro del principio de la belleza y fin de la sabidúria que trata de los fundamentos da arte de la agricultura, de Ibn Luyun

Uma história de jardins: a arte dos jardins na tratadística e na literatura é uma obra dedicada à arte dos jardins e aos livros que permitiram a circulação de ideias, de formas e de conhecimentos sobre o desenho de jardins e as técnicas de jardinagem. É composto por duas partes: os Estudos - com textos de diversos especialistas nacionais e estrangeiros - e o Catálogo, que elenca as principais edições que espelham as ideias sobre a arte dos jardins que circulavam em Portugal na Idade Moderna.

Los Orígenes de los esclavos en las américas. Perspectivas metodológicas

Introducción: En el presente trabajo presentamos algunas líneas de las nuevas tendencias en la investigación sobre la esclavitud de origen afroamericano  y que significan un cambio radical en los paradigmas utilizados. Lo radical del nuevo enfoque está en su intento de entender a los africanos esclavizados como individuos con historias personales concretas, cuyas biografías fueron moldeadas por coyunturas históricas específicas en sus lugares de origen, y cuyas actuaciones como individuos y como colectividades en las Américas, no son comprensibles sino a la luz de esas expectativas.

Procedencia de los esclavos negros analizada a través del complejo de distribución, desarrollado desde Cartagena.

Introducción Cartagena de Indias fue el puerto de mayor importancia en el comercio de esclavos en la América Hispana  Colonial. Fue el mayor centro de  recepción y dispersión de los mismos al eje del Pacifico utilizando el paso de  Panamá y el mar del sur va a cubrir la demanda desde Chile hasta Acapulco.

Saúde dos adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

Brazilian multicentre study of common mental disorders in primary care: rates and related social and demographic factors

Mental health problems are common in primary health care, particularly anxiety and depression. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and their associations with socio-demographic characteristics in primary care in Brazil (Family Health Strategy). It involved a multicenter cross-sectional study with patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza (Ceará State) and Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul State), assessed using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The rate of mental disorders in patients from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre were found to be, respectively, 51.9%, 53.3%, 64.3% and 57.7% with significant differences between Porto Alegre and Fortaleza compared to Rio de Janeiro after adjusting for confounders. Prevalence proportions of mental problems were especially common for females, the unemployed, those with less education and those with lower incomes. In the context of the Brazilian government's moves towards developing primary health care and reorganizing mental health policies it is relevant to consider common mental disorders as a priority alongside other chronic health conditions.

Insegurança alimentar em domicílios brasileiros com crianças menores de cinco anos

This article analyzes food insecurity and hunger in Brazilian families with children under five years of age. This was a nationally representative cross-sectional study using data from the National Demographic and Health Survey on Women and Children (PNDS-2006), in which the outcome variable was moderate to severe food insecurity, measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Prevalence estimates and prevalence ratios were generated with 95% confidence intervals. The results showed a high prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity, concentrated in the North and Northeast regions (30.7%), in economic classes D and E (34%), and in beneficiaries of conditional cash transfer programs (36.5%). Multivariate analysis showed that the socioeconomic relative risks (beneficiaries of conditional cash transfers), regional relative risks (North and Northeast regions), and economic relative risks (classes D and E) were 1.8, 2.0 and 2.4, respectively. Aggregation of the three risks showed 48% of families with moderate to severe food insecurity, meaning that adults and children were going hungry during the three months preceding the survey.

Taxonomia do gênero Heliotropium L. (Heliotropiaceae) no Brasil

The taxonomy of the genus Heliotropium L. in Brazil was studied, revealing nine species and two varieties: H. amplexicaule Vahl, H. angiospermum Murray, H. curassavicum L., H. curassavicum var. argentinum I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum (Lehm.) I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum var. burchellii I.M. Johnst., H. indicum L., H. leiocarpum Morong, H. nicotianaefolium Poir., H. phylicoides Cham. and H. transalpinum Vell. Descriptions, illustrations, comments on relationships based on morphology and data on species distribution are presented.

Taxonomia do gênero Euploca Nutt. (Heliotropiaceae) no Brasil

This work deals with a taxonomic study of the genus Euploca (Heliotropiaceae) in Brazil; seventeen species are recorded. A keyfor identification, descriptions, illustrations and comments, besides distribution, habitat, flowering and fruiting data for the species are presented.

Formação de professores: aspectos históricos e teóricos do problema no contexto brasileiro

This article deals with the theme of teacher training from the historical and theoretical perspectives. In the first part, the historical focus is introduced and the trajectory of teacher training in Brazil is examined, dividing it into six periods beginning with the passing of the Law of Schools of First Letters in 1827 and closing with the promulgation of the new law for national education in 1996. The second part deals with theoretical aspects, considering the two basic models of teacher training, their implications for the training of teachers of primary and pre-school education, the dilemma resulting from the contraposition between the two models and the way for overcoming it and concluding with observations on the training of teachers for special education.

Sistema Nacional de Educação articulado ao Plano Nacional de Educação

This text which discusses the central theme of the National Conference on Education (CONAE), held in Brasília from 28th March to 1st April 2010, deals with the concept of a National System of Education in articulation with the National Plan of Education. To that end, after pointing to the basic uses of the concept of system, it discusses the question of the National System of Education exploring the federative question in order to reveal the complete compatibility of the organization of the National System of Education with the federative regime. Thereafter, it deals with the historical meaning of the National Plan of Education demonstrating that the plan is a demand of the system, since planned action is implicit in systematized education. Thus the National Plan of Education is fulfilling those goals and objectives for which it is responsible.

Movimentos sociais na contemporaneidade

The work aims to present an overview of social movements in actuality, in the Latin America, and presents a mapping of their main forms in Brazil. The search ponders the educational character of their actions, both for its participants, as for society in general and public agencies. The basic premise of assertion that social movements are sources of innovation and knowledge-generating arrays. However, because it is not an isolated process but social-political character, the paper search joints in the network of relationships that establish movements in political, economic and socio-cultural country, to understand the factors that generate learning built and values of political culture that are being built. . The text highlights movements that occurs in the areas of education - formal and non-formal education.

Autoscopia: um procedimento de pesquisa e de formação

This article considers a procedure for data collection called autoscopy. Autoscopy entails the video recording of a practice with the purpose of allowing analysis and self-evaluation by one of the protagonists of that practice. The objective of the video recording is that of apprehending the actions of the agent (or agents), the scenario, and the plot that make up a situation. The recorded material is subjected to sessions of analysis after the action that aim at the understanding of the reflective process of the agent (or agents) through their verbalizations during the analysis of video recorded scenes. The present text introduces a theoretical basis for the procedure of autoscopy, deals with advantages and limitations of its use, as well as with aspects that deserve attention and, finally, describes the authors' experiences in two studies in which the procedure was employed. Starting from these two experiences, differences and similarities are pointed out between the studies, especially regarding the participants, object, and the time distribution of the video recordings. The authors draw considerations about the formative-reflective potential of the procedure, both for research situations and for the learning and training of various professionals, considering it to be an excellent educational instrument. It is, however, vital to keep in mind the need to recognize and return to the teacher, as an autoscopic participant, his condition as subject of his own profession, thereby promoting, besides the self-evaluation, also the autonomy of his thinking and doing.

Neuronal Ceroid-lipofuscinosis with prominent chorea and without visual manifestations: a case report

A case of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) is reported in a 11-year-old girl, whose main symptoms were progressive dementia since the age of 4 years and choreic movements since age 10. Seizures, myoclonus and visual deterioration were absent and optic fundi were normal. A cerebral biopsy disclosed two basic types of stored substance in the cytoplasm of neurons: a) severely balloned nerve cells in cortical layers HI and V contained a non-autofluorescent material, which stained with PAS and Sudan Black B in frozen, but not in paraffin sections; ultrastructurally, these neurons showed abundant corpuscles similar to the membranous cytoplasmic bodies of Tay-Sachs disease and, in smaller amounts, also zebra bodies; b) slightly distended or non-distended neurons in all layers contained lipopigment granules, which were autofluorescent, PAS-positive and sudanophil in both frozen and paraffin sections; their ultrastructure was closely comparable to that of lipofuscin. Similar bodies were found in the swollen segments of axons and in a few astrocytes and endothelial cells. The histochemical and ultrastructural demonstration of large amounts of lipopigments allows a presumptive classification of the case as NCL. However, the presence of involuntary movements, the absence of visual disturbances and the unusual ultrastructural features place the patient into a small heterogeneous group within the NCL. A better classification of such unique instances of the disease must await elucidation of the basic enzymatic defects.