Estratégias de desenvolvimento do turismo: em busca de uma tipologia

BEZERRA, Márcia Maria de Oliveira. Estrategias de desenvolvimento do turismo: em busca de uma tipologia. Economia e Sociedade, Campinas, v. 15, n. 2, p. 347-374, ago. 2006.

Optimization models and methods for real-time transportation planning in forestry

Lors du transport du bois de la forêt vers les usines, de nombreux événements imprévus peuvent se produire, événements qui perturbent les trajets prévus (par exemple, en raison des conditions météo, des feux de forêt, de la présence de nouveaux chargements, etc.). Lorsque de tels événements ne sont connus que durant un trajet, le camion qui accomplit ce trajet doit être détourné vers un chemin alternatif. En l’absence d’informations sur un tel chemin, le chauffeur du camion est susceptible de choisir un chemin alternatif inutilement long ou pire, qui est lui-même "fermé" suite à un événement imprévu. Il est donc essentiel de fournir aux chauffeurs des informations en temps réel, en particulier des suggestions de chemins alternatifs lorsqu’une route prévue s’avère impraticable. Les possibilités de recours en cas d’imprévus dépendent des caractéristiques de la chaîne logistique étudiée comme la présence de camions auto-chargeurs et la politique de gestion du transport. Nous présentons trois articles traitant de contextes d’application différents ainsi que des modèles et des méthodes de résolution adaptés à chacun des contextes. Dans le premier article, les chauffeurs de camion disposent de l’ensemble du plan hebdomadaire de la semaine en cours. Dans ce contexte, tous les efforts doivent être faits pour minimiser les changements apportés au plan initial. Bien que la flotte de camions soit homogène, il y a un ordre de priorité des chauffeurs. Les plus prioritaires obtiennent les volumes de travail les plus importants. Minimiser les changements dans leurs plans est également une priorité. Étant donné que les conséquences des événements imprévus sur le plan de transport sont essentiellement des annulations et/ou des retards de certains voyages, l’approche proposée traite d’abord l’annulation et le retard d’un seul voyage, puis elle est généralisée pour traiter des événements plus complexes. Dans cette ap- proche, nous essayons de re-planifier les voyages impactés durant la même semaine de telle sorte qu’une chargeuse soit libre au moment de l’arrivée du camion à la fois au site forestier et à l’usine. De cette façon, les voyages des autres camions ne seront pas mo- difiés. Cette approche fournit aux répartiteurs des plans alternatifs en quelques secondes. De meilleures solutions pourraient être obtenues si le répartiteur était autorisé à apporter plus de modifications au plan initial. Dans le second article, nous considérons un contexte où un seul voyage à la fois est communiqué aux chauffeurs. Le répartiteur attend jusqu’à ce que le chauffeur termine son voyage avant de lui révéler le prochain voyage. Ce contexte est plus souple et offre plus de possibilités de recours en cas d’imprévus. En plus, le problème hebdomadaire peut être divisé en des problèmes quotidiens, puisque la demande est quotidienne et les usines sont ouvertes pendant des périodes limitées durant la journée. Nous utilisons un modèle de programmation mathématique basé sur un réseau espace-temps pour réagir aux perturbations. Bien que ces dernières puissent avoir des effets différents sur le plan de transport initial, une caractéristique clé du modèle proposé est qu’il reste valable pour traiter tous les imprévus, quelle que soit leur nature. En effet, l’impact de ces événements est capturé dans le réseau espace-temps et dans les paramètres d’entrée plutôt que dans le modèle lui-même. Le modèle est résolu pour la journée en cours chaque fois qu’un événement imprévu est révélé. Dans le dernier article, la flotte de camions est hétérogène, comprenant des camions avec des chargeuses à bord. La configuration des routes de ces camions est différente de celle des camions réguliers, car ils ne doivent pas être synchronisés avec les chargeuses. Nous utilisons un modèle mathématique où les colonnes peuvent être facilement et naturellement interprétées comme des itinéraires de camions. Nous résolvons ce modèle en utilisant la génération de colonnes. Dans un premier temps, nous relaxons l’intégralité des variables de décision et nous considérons seulement un sous-ensemble des itinéraires réalisables. Les itinéraires avec un potentiel d’amélioration de la solution courante sont ajoutés au modèle de manière itérative. Un réseau espace-temps est utilisé à la fois pour représenter les impacts des événements imprévus et pour générer ces itinéraires. La solution obtenue est généralement fractionnaire et un algorithme de branch-and-price est utilisé pour trouver des solutions entières. Plusieurs scénarios de perturbation ont été développés pour tester l’approche proposée sur des études de cas provenant de l’industrie forestière canadienne et les résultats numériques sont présentés pour les trois contextes.

Étude comparative de deux clientèles relativement à leurs attentes et à leurs perceptions de la performance d’entreprises membres d’un organisme de promotion gourmand

Les organismes de promotion gourmands sont bien implantés au Québec. En effet, à l’aide des regroupements de producteurs locaux, la majorité des régions touristiques possèdent leur marque de commerce régionale gourmande favorisant le développement économique des régions du Québec. Sachant que ces organismes de promotions gourmands sont de propriété collective et qu’ils disposent tous d’un cahier de charges pouvant être plus ou moins exigeant d’une région à l’autre, une recension des écrits a permis d’établir les principales attentes qu’entretiennent les divers segments de marché (i.e., clientèle locale, clientèle touristique, clientèle originaire de la région promotionnelle de l’organisme et clientèle non originaire de la région promotionnelle de l’organisme) envers ceux-ci. L’objectif est de vérifier si ces divers types de clientèles entretiennent des attentes différentes vis-à-vis les entreprises membres d’un organisme de promotion gourmand, en plus d’analyser si ces diverses clientèles évaluent la performance des entreprises membres de Gaspésie Gourmande de la même manière. Un questionnaire a été mis à la disposition des répondants sur le site internent de Gaspésie Gourmande. Les résultats indiquent qu’il y a quelques différences entre ces divers types de clientèles quant aux variables étudiées. De plus, une analyse des écarts « performances perçues – attentes » selon la méthodologie du paradigme de confirmation / disconfirmation des attentes a permis de savoir si Gaspésie Gourmande répond aux attentes des divers segments de marché.

Ação pública na formação e transformação do destino turístico de Porto de Galinhas: um estudo dos referenciais no período de 1970 a 2010

The central interest of this thesis is to comprehend how the public action impels the formation and transformation of the tourist destinies. The research was based on the premise that the public actions are the result of the mediation process of state and non-state actors considered important in a section, which interact aiming for prevailing their interests and world visions above the others. The case of Porto de Galinhas beach, in Pernambuco, locus of the investigation of this thesis, allowed the analysis of a multiplicity of actors on the formation and implementation of local actions toward the development of the tourism between the years 1970 and 2010, as well as permitted the comprehension of the construction of the referential on the interventions made. This thesis, of a qualitative nature, has as theoretical support the cognitive approach of analysis of the public policies developed in France, and it has as main exponents the authors Bruno Jobert and Pierre Muller. This choice was made by the emphasis on the cognitive and normative factors of the politics, which aspects are not very explored in the studies of public policies in Brazil. As the source of the data collection, documental, bibliographic and field researches were utilized to the (re)constitution of the formation and transformation in the site concerned. The analysis techniques applied were the content and the documental analysis. To trace the public action referential, it started by the characterization of the touristic section frontiers and the creation of images by the main international body: the World Tourism Organization, of which analysis of the minutes of the meetings underscored guidelines to the member countries, including Brazil, which compounds the global-sectorial reference of the section. As from the analysis of the evolution of the tourism in the country, was identified that public policies in Brazil passed by transformations in their organization over the years, indicating changes in the referential that guided the interventions. These guidelines and transformations were identified in the construction of the tourist destination of Porto de Galinhas, of which data was systematized and presented in four historical periods, in which were discussed the values, the standard, the algorithms, the images and the important mediators. It has been revealed that the State worked in different roles in the decades analyzed in local tourism. From the 1990s, however, new actors were inserted in the formulation and implementation of policies developed, especially for local hotelkeepers. These, through their association, establishes a leadership relation in the local touristic section, thereby, they could set their hegemony and spread their own interest. The leadership acquired by a group of actors, in the case of Porto de Galinhas, does not mean that trade within the industry were neutralized, but that there is a cognitive framework that confronts the actors involved. In spite of the advances achieved by the work of the mediators in the last decades, that resulted in an amplification and diversification of the activity in the area, as well as the consolidation at the beach, as a tourist destiny of national standout, the position of the place is instable, concerned to the competitiveness, once that there is an situation of social and environmental unsustainability

Discapacidad y alojamientos turísticos en España

El turismo accesible representa un segmento con gran potencialidad y generador de una ventajacompetitiva para el sector, dado que los beneficiarios de acciones de accesibilidad engloban a colectivos en crecimiento como el de las personas mayores, las familias, personas con capacidades restringidas temporalmente y embarazadas. Su representatividad en el total de la actividad turística española está en incremento continuo, motivado por dos factores principales: la benevolencia climática y la normativa y cobertura social existente. Por todo ello, en esta investigación se busca determinar los principales hábitos y comportamientos de los turistas españoles con discapacidad en relación al alojamiento utilizado en susviajes, así como determinar cuáles son las variables que pueden influir en dicho comportamiento.

Do tratamento das reclamações à gestão da insatisfação: o comportamento de empresas hoteleiras mediante a insatisfação de seus clientes

Consumer dissatisfaction, when properly handled, is a significant information source for the manager. Studies in this area allow broadening the understanding of certain customer attitudes and behaviors, such as loyalty, repurchase intention or satisfaction and trust increase. Above and beyond supporting consumer feedback, dissatisfaction can provide significant opportunities for organizational learning. Starting from dissatisfied customer information, companies can detect service flaws and develop new products. This work presents the results of an investigation on the behavior of businesses belonging to the hotel sector in Natal, RN, through the dissatisfaction of their customers. We have sought to map the main problems presented by customers to hotels, in the perception of managers and employees, as well as to understand both the process of dissatisfactionrelated data collection, analysis, and processing, and the utilization of such information by businesses. Beyond this, we have compared the habits of organizations to the company reaction approaches described in the literature: Complaint Handling, Complaint Management, and Dissatisfaction Management. The used methodology has been based on case study. Data was collected via indepth interviews with managers and employees in six hotels, two independent ones and four belonging to national and international hotel networks. We have also made use of documents provided by the organizations, such as guest complaint registers and reports from satisfaction surveys on which content analysis was subsequently performed. The results of the investigation point to a high level of awareness in the companies concerning the importance of consumer dissatisfaction. Even though the maximum grade in the procedure scale is not achieved, it has been observed that answer to dissatisfaction is given in planned and systematic form, geared towards consumer satisfaction and improvement of products and processes. Hotel businesses still have to look into other possibilities for mapping consumer dissatisfaction, which implies, among other aspects, articulation with a range of public and private organizations in such a way as to guarantee sustainability of touristic activities in the long term

Relação entre ciclo de vida do produto turístico e estratégias de cooperação na faixa litorânea urbana do município de Natal

Tourism in the Northeast of Brazil was introduced as an alternative economic development for the Region by federal promoting policies that focused primarily in structuring the local geographic area. With the completion of these structuring actions, mass tourism expanding the area, as well as spread actions based on cooperation and formalization of governance institutions. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal and the cooperation strategies in a historical perspective. Thus was submitted to the life cycle of the tourism product 'Coastal Cities of Natal ; the major projects of tourism development were mapped, the existing cooperation strategies were characterized, and investigated the influence of the cooperation actions for the current stage of product. The specific theoretical support to tourism was built on the perspective of the Theory of Population Ecology, System of Tourism and Touristic Product Life Cycle. Regarding to cooperation the theoretical foundation addressed issues of strategy, New Forms and Collective Efficiency. The survey consisted of a causal descriptive study, using a case study. We used the qualitative and quantitative methodological approaches, and data collected by consulting of secondary data and semistructured interviews with twelve staff working in tourism in Natal. Results showed that the life cycle graph of product 'Coastal Cities of Natal is moving from one stage of growth to a stage of maturity, with a primary upward trend and with crises that are up over the graph. They have been mapped six of tourism development projects of relevance to the product: The Politics of Mega Projects, PRODETUR/NE, Municipalization National Program of Tourism, Regionalization Program, Urbanization Project Beach do Meio and Actions for the Promotion of Destiny. They have been identified sixty-four participating players in process of tourism development, which twenty were considered relevant to the respondents. The main strategies identified for cooperation were the consortium, collective strategy and clusters. Results indicated that co-operation strategies were adopted so that the benefits were obtained at the collective level, dedicated to the strengthening of Natal Destiny and its products. The main reasons were the need of cooperative marketing, international market entry and actions inducing the state. Finally, it was concluded that strategies for cooperation related to product life cycle 'Coastal Cities of Natal' as that work in the consolidation of projects for development of tourism, when the efficiency of collective action is achieved

Tourceira : design de um sistema produto-serviço de turismo acessível para a Ilha Terceira

Esta dissertação consiste no desenho de um sistema produto/serviço colaborativo – criado para a Ilha Terceira –, e dos elementos gráficos necessários, na área do turismo acessível. O “Tourceira” destina-se a todos os turistas, com ou sem limitações, que visitam a ilha, e que pretendem realizar actividades turísticas durante a sua estadia. Este serviço destina-se também a todos os habitantes que pretendem fazer parte do projecto, e ser um anfitrião acolhendo os visitantes. Vem combater a escassa oferta de actividades acessíveis e o distanciamento entre o turista, que viaja em excursões, e o residente. Este serviço ambiciona proporcionar novas experiências aos turistas, explorando a Ilha e os cinco sentidos do visitante, e estabelecer relações de maior proximidade entre o turista, a comunidade e a ilha.

Gestão de trajetos fora de estrada

Anualmente, realizam-se no país inúmeras iniciativas de Todo-Terreno Turístico (TTT) onde são automaticamente registadas as coordenadas de Global Positioning System (GPS) por aplicações de dispositivos móveis. Este tipo de informação pode ser utilizada, quer para fins de divulgação turística, quer por outro tipo de entidades que necessitem de circular nesses caminhos rurais, tipicamente no meio da montanha. Entre outras, são registadas a posição, velocidade e altitude do veículo, o que permite obter informações relevantes, tais como, se o percurso se encontra transitável ou qual a velocidade recomendada. Por exemplo, durante os combates a incêndios, os bombeiros e proteção civil poderão saber se estes percursos são utilizáveis no planeamento dos combates a incêndios com reduzida probabilidade de complicações relativa ao acesso dos veículos, melhorando assim o tempo de resposta. O presente documento discute como poderá ser concebida uma aplicação web mapping, de código aberto, que permita a partilha, utilização e valorização de dados relativos aos percursos todo-terreno dos praticantes de TTT. O presente documento descreve como a aplicação desenvolvida no âmbito da dissertação de mestrado permite selecionar e ordenar possíveis trajetos que incluem os trajetos de TTT, apresentando as caraterísticas do terreno de modo a auxiliar a tomada de decisão por membros das corporações de Bombeiros. Será igualmente apresentada a interface atual da aplicação que inclui um mapa dinâmico e um gestor de pontos de referência.

O design para a comunicação do território : rotas pedestres da Figueira da Foz

O concelho da Figueira da Foz é um local tipicamente turístico, conhecido essencialmente pela sua costa marítima, extenso areal e vida noturna. No entanto, esta localidade dispõe de um património cultural e ecológico desconhecido pela maioria da população. Com o objetivo de dar a conhecer o território, foi desenvolvido um Guia das Rotas Pedestres, que permite dar a conhecer um pouco desse ambiente desconhecido.

O Litoral e a metrópole dinâmica imobiliária, turismo e expansão urbana na região metropolitana de Natal-RN

The metropolitan regions of Northeast Brazil are being gradually included in a scenario of international investments, which are motivated by the restructuring of both touristic and real-estate sectors. The new capital, real-estate developers and space configurations that result from this process indicate the need for the creation and implementation of public tools which should, at least, allow the mitigation of the urban impacts and environmental losses resulting from this situation. The effects on landscape and on the socio-spatial configuration result from the intensification caused by the dynamism of the "real estate-tourism" sector. There is a regional integration as an expression of the urban expansion of the metropolitan area of Natal. This study investigates the uniqueness of the restructuring and territorial integration of coastal areas and the strategies of the circuit of capital accumulation formed by linking the real estate to tourism. It is intended to increase the understanding about the strategies of tourism, real estate and public policy agents involved in this territorial reconfiguration and in the fund-raising needed for the investments, to understand the existing social and environmental effects and their future trends and also to understand the forms of spatial production as results from the practices of approaching the land transformation and the tourism valorization of the landscape, in a synchronous manner, first in the Northeast region and, as a focal study, in the Metropolitan Area of Natal. Likewise, it is intended to apprehend the current processes of metropolization of the eastern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, in addition to indicate its physical-territorial transformation and the types of projects/developments promoted by the market in the recent period. Based upon analysis undertaken for the Metropolitan Region of Natal RN, this piece of work presents some considerations on possible legal instruments that can be adjusted to the municipalities which are experiencing the impact of this peculiar and recent phenomenon in the region, caused by the arrival of the real estate-touristic capital. It is also intended to point out basic proposals to the forms of public intervention, in a speculative way, starting from a Metropolitan Planning project within a medium and long term

Decision-making process in Portuguese Erasmus student mobility: case study

With the evolution of nowadays knowledge-based economies, the labour class becomes more competitive. As a way of getting skills that bring benefits to their careers, university students take advantage of the many opportunities available and go abroad to study. This study develops and empirically tests a structural model that examines the antecedents that influence the decision-making process of an Erasmus student under mobility for studies (EMS) in Aveiro, Coimbra and Porto (2014-2015). Reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis and linear regressions were used to evaluate the model. Based on a survey with a sample of 872 valid responses, this study has demonstrated that EMS students are also influenced by touristic factors, which gives support to what has recently been approached by other authors. Conclusions and suggestions can be applied by other organizations, mainly Higher Education Institutions in order to attract more EMS students.

Monitorização e gestão em turismo : uma proposta de dashboard visual

A presente investigação propõe-se a atuar no sector turístico, uma vez que este é bombardeado diariamente por uma quantidade considerável de dados e informações. Atualmente, usufrui-se significativamente mais da tecnologia com a finalidade de promover e vender os produtos/serviços disponíveis no mercado. A par da evolução tecnológica, os utilizadores/clientes conseguem comprar, cada vez mais, à distancia de um clique os produtos turísticos que desejam. No entanto, há um variado leque de aplicações sobre o turismo que permitem entender os gostos e as necessidades dos turistas assim como a sua atitude para com o mesmo. Porém, nem as entidades nem os gestores turísticos usufruem inteligentemente dos dados que lhes são facultados. Estes tendem normalmente a prender-se pelo turismo em Portugal e de que forma é que a sua entidade é apresentada acabando por esquecer que os dados podem e devem ser utilizados para expandir o mercado assim como entender/conhecer potenciais mercados. Deste modo, o fundamento principal desta investigação remete para a criação de uma plataforma infocomunicacional que analise na totalidade os dados obtidos, assim como fornecer as ferramentas pertinentes para que se consiga fazer esta análise, nomeadamente através de uma representação infográfica adequada e estratégias de a comunicar aos stakeholders.. Para tal foi aplicada no âmbito desta dissertação a metodologia investigação/ação, vista como um processo cíclico que para além de incluir simultaneamente estas duas vertentes, vai alternando entre a ação e a reflexão critica sendo sustentada por bases teóricas. A criação do protótipo da plataforma Smart Tourism, resultou num sistema inovador que tenta responder aos indicadores escolhidos no Dashbord e ao problema infocomunicacional, tentando criar as bases necessárias para que as entidades consigam analisar de forma mais integrada/sistematizada e racional a atividade turística. Foi por isso, desenvolvido e avaliado qualitativamente um protótipo de base infocomunicacional visual (dashboard visual) que para além do que para além do que já foi referido, consegue proporcionar a gestão dos produtos, clientes, staff e parceiros, aumentando assim o valor deste sector.

Estratégias de desenvolvimento do turismo: em busca de uma tipologia

BEZERRA, Márcia Maria de Oliveira. Estrategias de desenvolvimento do turismo: em busca de uma tipologia. Economia e Sociedade, Campinas, v. 15, n. 2, p. 347-374, ago. 2006.

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case