La régression tumorale n'est pas un facteur de risque d'atteinte du ganglion sentinelle dans les mélanomes fins (indice de Breslow < or = 1 mm) [Tumour regression is not predictive for higher risk of sentinel node involvement in thin melanomas (Breslow thickness < or = 1 mm)]

Background: Thin melanomas (Breslow thickness <= 1 mm) are considered highly curable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between histological tumour regression and sentinel lymph node (SLN) involvement in thin melanomas. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective single-centre study of 34 patients with thin melanomas undergoing SLN biopsy between April 1998 and January 2005. Results: The study included 14 women and 20 men of mean age 56.3 years. Melanomas were located on the neck (n = 3), soles (n = 4), trunk (n = 13) and extremities (n = 14). Pathological examination showed 25 SSM, four acral lentiginous melanomas, three in situ melanomas, one nodular melanoma and one unclassified melanoma with a mean Breslow thickness of 0.57 mm. Histological tumour regression was observed in 26 over 34 cases and ulceration was found in one case. Clark levels were as follows: I (n = 3), II (n = 20), III (n = 9), IV (n = 2). Growth phase was available in 15 cases (seven radial and eight vertical). Mitotic rates, available in 24 cases, were: 0 (n = 9), 1 (n = 11), 2 (n = 2), 3 (n = 1), 6 (n = 1). One patient with histological tumour regression (2.9% of cases and 3.8% of cases with regressing tumours) had a metastatic SLN. One patient negative for SLN had a lung relapse and died of the disease. Mean follow-up was 26.2 months. Conclusion: The results of the present study and the analysis of the literature show that histological regression of the primary tumour does not seem predictive of higher risk of SLN involvement in thin melanomas. This suggests that screening for SLN is not indicated in thin melanomas, even those with histological regression.

D'alumnes a mestres: explorant records escolars de noves generacions de mestres. Una mirada qualitativa i de gènere

Aquest treball de recerca té la finalitat de conèixer com noves generacions de mestres van construint la seva identitat professional. Com que la recerca es situa a l’inici del seu pas per la formació inicial, el que es pretén analitzar són les concepcions i l’experiència prèvies que han tingut amb el món docent durant la seva trajectòria escolar. Es vol comprendre quines poden haver estat les motivacions que les han i els han portat realment a escollir la carrera de Mestres, quines expectatives tenen sobre la professió des de la vivència personal de ser testimonis d’una professió que ara volen convertir en la seva. El disseny respon a una investigació de caràcter exploratori i descriptiu i el mètode d’investigació s’ha basat en l’anàlisi de contingut de textos autobiogràfics elaborats en el context d’una assignatura de primer de Grau en les carreres de Mestres. La informació s’ha analitzat amb el programa d’anàlisi qualitativa Atlas.ti.

Ce qu'ils n'ont pas dit de Pâques

Qu'ont-ils dit de Pâques, les évangélistes? Quand ils racontent qu'après le sabbat, les femmes ont vu le tombeau ouvert, et qu'un Revenu d'entre les morts est apparu aux disciples, que disent-ils et sur quoi font-ils silence? Relire leurs récits de Pâques conduit à une découverte: ils disent peu. Très peu. Juste quelques images, rapides, comme si le sujet se dérobait à la description. Les peintres, eux, nous informent beaucoup plus dans leurs tableaux: l'allure du Ressuscité, ses gestes, ses attitudes... mais ils peignent ce que personne ne sait. Ils violent le silence des textes. Tentons d'écouter ce peu que les récits nous livrent, et de nous interroger sur ces pesants silences.

Simulium spp. control program in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Insects of the Simuliidae family have been the object of control in Rio Grande do Sul since the 70s. Their constant attacks became a social-economical problem as well as a problem of Public Health, with serious consequences to men and to the economy of the areas in which the insects develop. At first, the control was done with a chemical larvicide Themephos ABATE 500 E, but an imperfect measuring of outflow to determine the quantity of the product made Simulium spp. resistant to it. From 1983 on, following a study of a new method for the outflow measuring, we started to use a biological larvicide Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis based. The biological control uses the new method in 36.4% of the state area, assisting about 3,500,000 inhabitants.

Solidarity and uniform rules in bankruptcy problems

The idea of ensuring a guarantee (a minimum amount of the resources) to each agent has recently acquired great relevance, in both social and politi- cal terms. Furthermore, the notion of Solidarity has been treated frequently in redistribution problems to establish that any increment of the resources should be equally distributed taking into account some relevant characteris- tics. In this paper, we combine these two general concepts, guarantee and solidarity, to characterize the uniform rules in bankruptcy problems (Con- strained Equal Awards and Constrained Equal Losses rules). Keywords: Constrained Equal Awards, Constrained Equal Losses, Lower bounds, Bankruptcy problems, Solidarity. JEL classification: C71, D63, D71.

Plan de comunicación para el lanzamiento de la marca país : Colombia

Aquest treball realitza un estudi de la imatge actual de la marca país “Colòmbia”, amb la finalitat de desenvolupar un Pla de Comunicació per al llançament d'aquesta marca a Espanya. Per aconseguir aquest objectiu s'analitza l'actual entorn colombià, els seus recursos naturals, la seva situació social i l'actual afluència de turistes al país. També s'analitza el mercat espanyol com a mercat d'origen. En el Pla de Comunicació Global, es planteja l'actual problema d'imatge que té Colòmbia a Espanya, i com el seu passat, i la ressonància que el mateix ha tingut gràcies als mitjans de comunicació, han fet que Colòmbia no sigui una de entre les destinacions triades pels espanyols, a causa de la percepció que es té de turísme d'alt risc.

Hépatite D:oubliée mais pas disparue [Hepatitis D: forgotten but not gone].

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a subviral agent which depends on the envelope proteins (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Therefore, hepatitis D is observed only in patients infected with HBV. Chronic hepatitis D is the least frequent albeit most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis. A resurgence of chronic hepatitis D has been observed in Northern and Central Europe, mainly due to immigration of patients from regions with high prevalence. Every HBsAg-positive patient should be screened for concurrent HDV infection. Standard treatment consists of pegylated interferon-alpha for at least one year. Sustained virological response rates are approximately 20%. Liver transplantation should be considered in patients with advanced cirrhosis or limited hepatocellular carcinoma. Preventive measures for hepatitis D are the same as for hepatitis B.

Including the workload effect in the parallel program signature

Performance prediction and application behavior modeling have been the subject of exten- sive research that aim to estimate applications performance with an acceptable precision. A novel approach to predict the performance of parallel applications is based in the con- cept of Parallel Application Signatures that consists in extract an application most relevant parts (phases) and the number of times they repeat (weights). Executing these phases in a target machine and multiplying its exeuction time by its weight an estimation of the application total execution time can be made. One of the problems is that the performance of an application depends on the program workload. Every type of workload affects differently how an application performs in a given system and so affects the signature execution time. Since the workloads used in most scientific parallel applications have dimensions and data ranges well known and the behavior of these applications are mostly deterministic, a model of how the programs workload affect its performance can be obtained. We create a new methodology to model how a program’s workload affect the parallel application signature. Using regression analysis we are able to generalize each phase time execution and weight function to predict an application performance in a target system for any type of workload within predefined range. We validate our methodology using a synthetic program, benchmarks applications and well known real scientific applications.