Auditoria ambiental de la Facultat de Dret de la UdG

La realització d’una auditoria ambiental es fa mitjançant l’anàlisi dels factors que interaccionen amb el medi ambient trencant l’equilibri natural. L’auditoria ambiental de la Facultat de Dret és una manera d’analitzar i diagnosticar elements com l’energia, l’aigua, els residus i la mobilitat, a la vegada que s’estudia la interacció del personal que gaudeix diàriament d’aquest edifici públic. L’objectiu bàsic del projecte és buscar els punts febles i forts de cada element a través de la metodologia seguida en l’estudi, l’anàlisi i diagnosi de les dades. S’intenta d’aquesta manera, establir unes propostes de millora que augmentin l’eficiència i redueixin els costos i a la vegada aconseguir una sostenibilitat en l’activitat diària de l’edifici

eSharespace

Aplicación para la gestión de una comunidad de usuarios que comparten elementos físicos. Puede usarse para gestionar reservas de pistas, salas, bicicletas, patines...

Adaptación de la vivienda en la población dependiente:necesidades, programas, casos.

Este trabajo aborda un tema escasamente estudiado hasta el momento, poco conocido pero probablemente destinado a tener un gran crecimiento en los próximos años : la transformación de la vivienda de las personas mayores y discapacitadas para facilitar su permanencia y calidad de vida en el hogar. En él se analizan los siguientes aspectos: 1) las necesidades de la población de acuerdo con sus limitaciones funcionales y demandas ; 2) casos prácticos : diagnóstico, soluciones y coste ; 3) Conclusiones y propuestas

La Sarcoïdosi a Osona: Revisió retrospectiva 1983-2011

Objectius: Determinar l’epidemiologia de la Sarcoïdosi a Osona. I descriure’n les característiques clíniques. Material i mètodes: Identificació i selecció de casos de Sarcoïdosi al nostre centre, entre 1983-2011. Revisió retrospectiva, recollida i anàlisi. Resultats: Incidència 2.12 casos/105habitants/any. n = 55. Predomini femení (69%), edat mitjana 47.8 anys. Clínica més freqüent: simptomatologia general. Patrons radiològics més freqüents: Estadi I-II. Biòpsia transbronquial: tècnica més utilitzada. Retard diagnòstic 5.9 mesos i mortalitat relacionada 7.6%. Conclusions: Incidència superior a la publicada a Catalunya. Predomini femení, amb diagnòstic més tardà que en homes. Presentació clínica predominant: síndrome Löfgren. Notable retard diagnòstic i baixa mortalitat.

Hearing loss in Adult Women with Turner Syndrome

L'objectiu d'aquest estudi és definir els patrons d’hipoacúsia en dones amb Síndrome de Turner i els possibles factors que poden afavorir el desenvolupament d’hipoacúsia neurosensorial en dones adultes amb Síndrome de Turner. Es va trobar que més de la meitat de les dones amb Sindrome de Turner presenten hipoacúsia a l’audiometria, confirmat pels potencials evocats auditius de tronc; la hipoacúsia neurosensorial és el tipus de pèrdua d'audició més freqüent entre dones de mitjana edat amb síndrome de Turner i l'edat, el cariotip i la història prèvia d'otitis mitja recurrent són possibles factors de risc per l’aparició d’hipoacúsia en aquestes pacients.

Social capital and the equilibrium number of entrepreneurs

Social capital is viewed either as a proprietary asset that serves private interests, including those of entrepreneurs, or as a collective asset that supports trust-based transactions saving on transaction costs both in markets and within the boundaries of firms, and benefiting society as a whole. This paper explains the relative specialization between entrepreneurs and market-governed exchanges as a result of the interaction between social capital that lowers transaction costs, and the scale economies of ability in managerial jobs (Lucas 1978). The main hypothesis formulated in the paper is that higher social capital will benefit the hierarchy relatively more than the market as a governance mechanism, and therefore in economies with higher social capital, the equilibrium number of entrepreneurs will be lower and their average span of control larger than in economies with lower social capital. The empirical evidence, with data from the Spanish Autonomous Communities, is consistent with this prediction.

Linguistic and maternal genetic diversity are not correlated in native mexicans

Mesoamerica, defined as the broad linguistic and cultural area from middle southern Mexico to Costa Rica, might have played a pivotal role during the colonization of theAmerican continent. It has been suggested that the Mesoamerican isthmus could have played an important role in severely restricting prehistorically gene flow between North and SouthAmerica. Although the Native American component has been already described in admixedMexican populations, few studies have been carried out in native Mexican populations. In thisstudy we present mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data for the first hypervariable region (HVR-I) in 477 unrelated individuals belonging to eleven different native populations from Mexico. Almost all the Native Mexican mtDNAs could be classified into the four pan-Amerindian haplogroups (A2, B2, C1 and D1); only three of them could be allocated to the rare Native American lineage D4h3. Their haplogroup phylogenies are clearly star-like, as expected from relatively young populations that have experienced diverse episodes of genetic drift (e.g. extensive isolation, genetic drift and founder effects) and posterior population expansions. In agreement with this observation is the fact that Native Mexican populations show a high degree of heterogeneity in their patterns of haplogroup frequencies. HaplogroupX2a was absent in our samples, supporting previous observations where this clade was only detected in the American northernmost areas. The search for identical sequences in the American continent shows that, although Native Mexican populations seem to show a closer relationship to North American populations, they cannot be related to a single geographical region within the continent. Finally, we did not find significant population structure on the maternal lineages when considering the four main and distinct linguistic groups represented in our Mexican samples (Oto-Manguean, Uto-Aztecan, Tarascan, and Mayan), suggesting that genetic divergence predates linguistic diversification in Mexico.

Genetic origin, admixture, and asymmetry in maternal and paternal human lineages in Cuba

Background: Before the arrival of Europeans to Cuba, the island was inhabited by two Native American groups, the Tainos and the Ciboneys. Most of the present archaeological, linguistic and ancient DNA evidence indicates a South American origin for these populations. In colonial times, Cuban Native American people were replaced by European settlers and slaves from Africa. It is still unknown however, to what extent their genetic pool intermingled with and was 'diluted' by the arrival of newcomers. In order to investigate the demographic processes that gave rise to the current Cuban population, we analyzed the hypervariable region I (HVS-I) and five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) coding region in 245 individuals, and 40 Y-chromosome SNPs in 132 male individuals. Results: The Native American contribution to present-day Cubans accounted for 33% of the maternal lineages, whereas Africa and Eurasia contributed 45% and 22% of the lineages, respectively. This Native American substrate in Cuba cannot be traced back to a single origin within the American continent, as previously suggested by ancient DNA analyses. Strikingly, no Native American lineages were found for the Y-chromosome, for which the Eurasian and African contributions were around 80% and 20%, respectively. Conclusion: While the ancestral Native American substrate is still appreciable in the maternal lineages, the extensive process of population admixture in Cuba has left no trace of the paternal Native American lineages, mirroring the strong sexual bias in the admixture processes taking place during colonial times.

Reassessing the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in autism spectrum disorder

Background: There is increasing evidence that impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism plays an important role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD; OMIM number: 209850). A significant proportion of ASD cases display biochemical alterations suggestive of mitochondrial dysfunction and several studies have reported that mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecule could be involved in the disease phenotype. Methods: We analysed a cohort of 148 patients with idiopathic ASD for a number of mutations proposed in the literature as pathogenic in ASD. We also carried out a case control association study for the most common European haplogroups (hgs) and their diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by comparing cases with 753 healthy and ethnically matched controls.Results: We did not find statistical support for an association between mtDNA mutations or polymorphisms and ASD.Conclusions: Our results are compatible with the idea that mtDNA mutations are not a relevant cause of ASD and the frequent observation of concomitant mitochondrial dysfunction and ASD could be due to nuclear factors influencing mitochondrion functions or to a more complex interplay between the nucleus and the mitochondrion/mtDNA.

Nível de pressão sonora em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal

Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o nível de pressão sonora (NPS) de duas salas de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e identificar as suas fontes. É uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, conduzida em duas salas de UTIN de hospital universitário de São Paulo - SP, Brasil. Registros de NPS foram realizados por três dosímetros, totalizando 261 horas de mensuração. Obteve-se 48 horas de registros das fontes que produzem ruídos. Os resultados indicam elevados níveis de pressão sonora nos dois ambientes. Os maiores níveis de Leq foram 71,0 dBA na sala A e 68,0 dBA na sala B. As principais fontes de ruído encontradas nas duas unidades foram ruído no corredor, trânsito e conversa entre os profissionais. Os resultados revelam que os NPS das salas da UTIN estão distantes dos recomendados pelos órgãos regulamentadores. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo e implementado um programa educativo, visando à redução dos níveis de pressão sonora.

Hipotermia em pacientes no período perioperatório

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os fatores que desencadeiam a hipotermia em pacientes em sala de operação e as manifestações em sala de recuperação anestésica. O estudo foi realizado em um hospital de grande porte da rede mista da cidade de Santos. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 30 pacientes adultos, com temperatura corpórea entre de 36ºC e 37,2ºC na entrada da sala de operações com procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos e anestesia geral. Os resultados demonstraram que os métodos preventivos de hipotermia mais utilizados foram a infusão venosa aquecida e a manta térmica. Na saída da sala de operação e até 30 minutos na sala de recuperação anestésica, os pacientes permaneceram hipotérmicos. As manifestações de hipotermia foram demonstradas pela hipoxemia e por tremores. Neste estudo, evidenciou-se que a hipotermia no paciente é desencadeada na sala de operação pela falta de medidas preventivas adequadas, acarretando complicações em período de recuperação anestésica.

Pessoas com úlceras vasculogênicas em atendimento ambulatorial de enfermagem: estudo das variáveis clínicas e sociodemográficas

Objetivou-se analisar características sociodemográficas e clínicas de pessoas com úlceras vasculogênicas e investigar a associação entre estas variáveis. Realizou-se um estudo clínico observacional transversal, em salas de curativo de serviços municipais de saúde, de fevereiro a agosto de 2009. Realizou-se entrevista, exame clínico, aplicação da escala Pressure Ulcer Scale Healing (PUSH) e registro fotográfico das lesões. Participaram 42 indivíduos, com média de 60 anos (± 12), 73,8% do sexo masculino, com lesões únicas (66,7%), decorrentes de alteração da circulação venosa (90,5%), duração de até um ano (55,5%). Houve associação entre o escore da PUSH (p=0,019) e profundidade da lesão (p=0,027) com exercício de atividade ocupacional na atualidade, assim como entre o histórico de tabagismo e o gênero (p=0,049). As características sociodemográficas evidenciadas são semelhantes às de outros, com exceção do gênero masculino, o que indica a necessidade de maiores investigações na população goianiense.

International variation in management of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

BACKGROUND: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) incidence has grown with the implementation of screening and its detection varies across International Cancer Screening Network (ICSN) countries. The aim of this survey is to describe the management of screen-detected DCIS in ICSN countries and to evaluate the potential for treatment related morbidity. METHODS: We sought screen-detected DCIS data from the ICSN countries identified during 2004-2008. We adopted standardised data collection forms and analysis and explored DCIS diagnosis and treatment processes ranging from pre-operative diagnosis to type of surgery and radiotherapy. RESULTS: Twelve countries contributed data from a total of 15 screening programmes, all from Europe except the United States of America and Japan. Among women aged 50-69years, 7,176,050 screening tests and 5324 screen-detected DCIS were reported. From 21% to 93% of DCIS had a pre-operative diagnosis (PO); 67-90% of DCIS received breast conservation surgery (BCS), and in 41-100% of the cases this was followed by radiotherapy; 6.4-59% received sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) only and 0.8-49% axillary dissection (ALND) with 0.6% (range by programmes 0-8.1%) being node positive. Among BCS patients 35% received SLNB only and 4.8% received ALND. Starting in 2006, PO and SLNB use increased while ALND remained stable. SLNB and ALND were associated with larger size and higher grade DCIS lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Variation in DCIS management among screened women is wide and includes lymph node surgery beyond what is currently recommended. This indicates the presence of varying levels of overtreatment and the potential for its reduction.

The Big Band Theory : català col·loquial i humor científic. Proposta de traducció del capítol pilot

Aquest treball elabora una proposta de traducció per al doblatge del capítol pilot de The Big Bang Theory, que combina llenguatge col•loquial i llenguatge científic.L’objectiu és doble: elaborar un llenguatge col•loquial creïble però a la vegada genuí i emprar els equivalents catalans adequats per als termes científics originals.