Ingestão Oral e Grau de Comprometimento da Disfagia Orofaríngea Neurogênica Pré e Pós-Fonoterapia

Objective. To compare, pre- and post-swallowing therapy, the level of oral intake scale, and the degree of severity of neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia. Method. 19 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia: 10 Post-Stroke adults, aged from 44 years to 76 years (group 1 – G1), and nine children with Cerebral Palsy, aged from two years and five months to 15 years (group 2 – G2). We excluded individuals in the process of spontaneous recovery. We held retrospective analysis of clinical protocols for clinical speech therapy evaluation with classification of the degree of dysphagia severity, applied before and after swallowing therapy. We used the Functional Oral Intake Scale - FOIS to assess the level of oral ingestion, pre and post-swallowing therapy. Results. The degree of commitment of dysphagia was favorable change only in adults, and in FOIS these changes occurred in both groups. Conclusion. There were favorable changes in the degree of impairment of oropharyngeal dysphagia and levels of FOIS, pre and post - speech therapy in stroke, but in ECINP markers used showed no favorable changes should even be reviewed for application in this population. Future studies are needed to investigate the variables in this sample.

Sistemas CAD/CAM: avaliação da precisão de aquisição de dados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Brassica campestris sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to promote health has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plants species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective for health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. Whereas both food intake and the oral treatment with different compounds can cause changes in gene expression and that a proper diet has been valuable as a mechanism for maintaining the body's vital functions, the objective of this project was to evaluate the effects of standardized extract of Brassica campestris L. in the decrease in weight and food intake control. In vivo trials of this product were conducted and studies of its effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice and with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extract orally. After 21 days the animals were killed and the effects of this product were evaluated on the daily feed intake and on body weight. According to the results obtained, the extract of Brassica campestris was not effective in reducing body weight of obese animals, and did not reduce food intake

Avaliação do potencial de sistemas nanoestruturados mucoadesivos para administração bucal do peptídeo p1025

A cárie dental é uma das doenças crônico-infecciosas mais comuns no mundo e é potencializada por fatores que favorecem a colonização da bactéria Streptococcus mutans na cavidade oral. O presente trabalho visa avaliar o potencial de sistemas nanoestruturados mucoadesivos para administração bucal do peptídeo sintético p1025, potencialmente ativo contra cárie dental. Este peptídeo, análogo aos fragmentos 1025-1044 da adesina celular de S. mutans mostrou-se, em estudos recentes, eficaz contra a adesão do patógeno na superfície do biofilme bacteriano. Acredita-se que, se incorporado em sistemas nanoestruturados mucoadesivos, sobretudo os sistemas líquido-cristalinos, sua ação possa ser modulada, pelo fato de que estes sistemas podem se aderir na mucosa bucal, de modo a proteger o peptídeo da degradação enzimática, além de prolongar o tempo de contato com a mucosa, diminuindo assim a frequência de administração. Os sistemas nanoestruturados de liberação controlada foram analisados estruturalmente através de microscopia de luz polarizada, determinação do comportamento reológico, TPA e bioadesão. Os resultados evidenciaram, através das análises de microscopia de luz polarizada, a presença de sistemas líquido-cristalinos de fase hexagonal e lamelar, além de domínios de microemulsões. As análises reológicas mostraram que ao adicionar dispersões poliméricas na fase aquosa do sistema, características como pseudoplasticidade e tixotropia são favorecidas, o que pode facilitar a aplicação do produto na mucosa bucal. O teste de biodesão mostrou que o emprego de dispersões poliméricas contribuiu para a adesão na mucosa bucal, sendo os melhores resultados obtidos com dispersão de Policarbofil® a 0,5 %.O teste microbiológico demonstrou a potencialização do efeito inibidor/redutor da carga microbiana com a utilização de óleo de melaleuca na fase oleosa do sistema. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o ...

Avaliação de gastrocitoproteção, mecanismo de ação e comparação do efeito da vitamina E (α-Tocoferol) nas formas natural e sintética

The aim of this study was to verify if α-tocopherol, the main substance of Vitamin E and also the one with the major antioxidant propriety, could offer citoprotection to a stomach damaged by alcohol. There are many forms of α-tocopherol, two forms of them were evaluated; d-l-α-tocopherol, the synthetic form and d-α-tocopherol, the natural form of α-tocopherol. Three experiments were made, all of them having absolute ethanol as the lesion agent, but the period and the doses changed in each of them. In the first two experiments, each group of animals received a different form of α-tocopherol and in the third experiment, they’ve received α-tocopherol p.o. for the period of seven days before the lesion agent was administrated. Moreover, immunohistochemistry assays were made from the stomachs samples of the third experiment to verify possible mechanisms involving nitric oxide and 2-cyclooxygenase. Satisfactory results of citoprotection have been obtained when the two forms were administered in the period of one week at doses of 100 mg/kg for synthetic form and 150 mg/kg for natural type. Nevertheless, the two forms didn’t differ statistically in their effectiveness against ethanol. The immunohistochemistry assays showed an increase of the levels of NO and COX2 in relation with the negative control, although there was no correlation between this increase and the gastroprotective effect. In conclusion, α-tocopherol has gastroprotection effect in some doses, but apparently there is no such a thing like the better the dose, the better the effect; that citoprotection don’t have a relationship with NO neither with COX2; the natural and the synthetic form don’t differ in their gastroprotection effect. More studies must be done looking forward an effective dose and also to understand the mechanisms underlay the citoprotection of α-tocopherol in the stomach

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Coffea arabica sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

Obesity along with overweight, has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to call health promotion has grown as a mechanism for prevention, control and treatment of chronic diseases such as obesity. Several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity with a major attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more effective health than the traditional treatment with appetite suppressants. This work aims to develop and standardize models of biological assays in stress and obesity, also aims to evaluate the effect of oil green beans of Coffea arabica in the regulation of body weight and energy balance in mice. To this end, trials were made in vivo studies of this product and their effects on energy metabolism in non-obese mice with obesity induced by hypercaloric diet. After induction of obesity by 8 weeks, animals were treated for 21 days with the extracts orally. After 21 days the animals were killed to evaluate the effects of these products on daily feed intake and on body weight. The group treated with the oil of Coffea arabica L. showed significant weight loss and feed intake high. According to the results, we conclude that the standardized extract of Coffea arabica L. decreased body weight without restriction or decrease the amount of food ingested

Avaliação preliminar do efeito da Physalis angulata L. sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

The obesity has been considered one of the most serious public health problem in the worldwide scale, especially for being one of the main risk factors for many chronic diseases that characterize the metabolic syndrome. In addition to these diseases, obesity also causes dermatoses that affect not only the individual emotions but also cause various cutaneous infections. Thus, overweighting can be an agent that causes many types of stress: psychological, physical and social. In order to improve people’s life quality, several ethnopharmacological studies indicate plant species for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity due to the attraction of this regimen is perceived as safer and more health effective when compared to the treatment performed by traditional anorectic substances. If considered both food intake and also oral treatment with different compounds can promote change in the gene expression, besides an appropriate diet has been maintenance mechanism of body's vital functions. The aim of this work was to develop new standard methods for induced obesity and stress, which stress is induced through physical and psychogenic stressors in Swiss male mice. Also to evaluate the effect of supercritical extract of Physalis angulata L. on the food intake and corporeal weight loss

Avaliação de parâmetros farmacêuticos em comprimidos matriciais empregando a técnica de Biosusceptometria AC

Oral administration is widely accepted route for drug delivery and solid dosage forms are commonly employed. The variation of absorption profiles along the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and the ability to target drugs by adequate dosage forms to distinct sites is the challenge in the pharmaceutical development of solid dosage forms. AC Biosusceptometry (ACB) is a technique that deserves consideration due to its features, accuracy of results and versatility. The purpose of this work was to evaluate, by employing the AC Biosusceptometer, the rate of swelling of systems matrices consisting of hydrophilic polymer (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose) and magnetic material. Matrices tablets were evaluated in vitro to a more detailed analysis of kinetics of swelling, in addition to the study and application of mathematical models to correlate the magnetic area variation and the water uptake. All the procedures for qualitative and quantitative analysis of digital signals as well as the magnetic images processing were performed in MatLab® (Mathworks Inc.). ACB technique proved to be useful towards estimating the swelling properties of hydrophilic matrices in vitro, showing a promising capacity for further analyses involving dissolution test and in vivo studies, supporting their innovative potential pharmaceutical applications

Avaliação preliminar dos efeitos de Bidens pilosa L. sobre a obesidade induzida por dieta hipercalórica

The obesity along with overweight has been considered one of the most serious public health problems in the world, especially because they are the main risk factors for many chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and some types of tumors, which are associated with high mortality rates. The use of functional foods and appropriate diets to promote health has grown as a prevention mechanism. Previous studies suggested Bidens pilosa L. for the treatment of disorders associated with obesity, with one important attraction of this regiment is perceived as safer and more effective health than the traditional anorexigen .The aim of this project is to standardize a new model of obesity induced by hipercaloric diet in Swiss mice, and also to evaluate the effect of Bidens pilosa L. extract in the reduction of food intake, weight and toxicity. After induction of obesity, the animals were treated for 21 days with the extract. Then the animals were killed and samples were collected for further analysis. Preliminary, the effect of this product has being evaluated on the daily food intake and body weight. In dose of 100mg/Kg, there were no significant changes in food intake and body weight. Thus, this concentration of Bidens pilosa was not effective in reducing body weight of obese animals, and did not reduce food intake

Avaliação da atividade do tipo ansiolítica e antidepressiva do óleo essencial de Cananga odorata por meio de procedimento sequencial em camundongos

Os distúrbios do sistema nervoso central mais comuns relatados no mundo são a ansiedade e a depressão, com grande incidência de casos nos quais aparecem juntos. Os tratamentos utilizados na clínica além de não serem efetivos na totalidade dos casos podem, por vezes, apresentar diversos efeitos não desejados. Assim, na busca novas drogas mais efetivas e com menor incidência de efeitos adversos, a Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook. f. & Thomson aparece como uma alternativa. Esta espécie vegetal é utilizada na aromaterapia como na prevenção do estresse, ansiedade e depressão (BIRD, 2003). A busca de novas ferramentas terapêuticas depende do uso de animais de experimentação, e com as discussões na sociedade científica sobre o uso de animais, há uma maior preocupação em se desenvolver novas técnicas experimentais onde se possa aplicar os conceitos dos 3Rs objetivando a redução (Replacement) do número de animais, sua substituição (Reduction) e o refinamento (Refinement) das técnicas experimentais. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a atividade ansiolítica e antidepressiva do óleo essencial (OE) de Cananga odorata, em animais que foram sucessivamente submetidos a testes para avaliar a atividade motora, ansiolítica e antidepressiva. Camundongos machos foram tratados por via oral com OE nas doses de 0,1; 1, 10 e 100 mg/kg, e após 30 minutos foram submetidos ao teste do Campo Aberto, da Caixa Claro-Escuro e Suspensão pela Cauda, nesta ordem, com um intervalo de 30 minutos entre eles. Os resultados indicaram que a seqüência de testes é adequada para a avaliação destas atividades com economia de tempo, animais e drogas

Avaliação da atividade anti -ulcerogênica, antidiarréica e antiinflamatõria de astronium fraxinifolium Schott: Uma espécie medicinal do cerrado

Este trabalho visa o estudo dos efeitos biológicos dos extratos hidroalcóolicos (HDA) obtidos das cascas e folhas de Astronium fraxinifolium (Anacardiaceae), uma espécie medicinal do Cerrado brasileiro. Com base nas indicações populares de uso da espécie no combate a diversos males como a diarréia, cólicas, inflamação e reumatismo e a confirmação pela literatura da atividade gastroprotetora da espécie congênere Astronium urundeuva, foram realizados modelos experimentais in vivo para caracterizar a propriedade anti-úlcera, antidiarrêica e antiinflamatória dos extratos hidroalcóolicos de cascas (A.f.cs) e folhas (A.f.fol) de A. fraxinifolium. A propriedade antiulcerogênica dos A.f.cs e A.f.fol, administrado pela via oral, em diferentes doses (125, 250 e 500 mg/kg) foi avaliada em modelos experimentais in vivo em que os ratos Wistar machos foram confrontados com agentes ulcerogênicos químicos como etanol absoluto e droga antiinflamatória não-esteroidal (DAINE). Os fatores envolvidos na gastroproteção dos extratos foram avaliados através da quantificação de glutationa total do raspado da mucosa, volume do suco gástrico, concentração de íons H+ e pH do suco gástrico. A atuação de fatores protetores da mucosa gástrica como óxido nítrico (NO) e compostos sulfidrílicos (SH) também foram analisados sob efeito de ambos os extratos. A propriedade antidiarrêica dos extratos (500 mg/kg, p.o.) também foi avaliada através da motilidade intestinal, índice de evacuações e acumulo de fluidos intestinais. Ambos os extratos (500 mg/kg, p.o. e 50 mg/kg, i.p.) também foram submetidos a avaliação em dois modelos experimentais (edema da pata induzida por carragenina e teste de formalina) onde as propriedades antiedematogênica e antiinflamatória foram analisadas em roedores. Ambos os extratos foram estudos fitoquimicamente em CLAE-DAE... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Administração transmucosa oral de analgésicos: eficácia pós-operatória em cadelas

Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação do potencial tóxico reprodutivo do extrato de Cordia ecalyculata Vell: em ratos Wistar

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Interrogativas encaixadas vs. relativas sem antecedente: contribuições da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional

This work deals with the distinction between embedded questions and headless relatives, that was already pointed out as problematic in several studies based on generative approach. The purpose is to examine to what extent functional aspects, as proposed by the theory of Functional Discourse Grammar (HENGEVELD; MACKENZIE, 2008) to describe the two types of clauses can contribute to the explanation of the differences and similarities between them. Based on representative occurrences of spoken Brazilian Portuguese, we demonstrated that the approach of Functional Discourse Grammar provides important parameters for defining the nature of these two types of clauses, in both formal and functional (semantic-discursive) terms, contributing thus to the existing proposals for the distinction between these clauses.

Clivagem e construções similares sob a perspectiva da gramática discursivo-funcional

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento em Pesquisa (CNPq)