Assessing the users’ need for a spatial decision support system of smallholder farming in Kenya

Accurate data of the natural conditions and agricultural systems with a good spatial resolution are a key factor to tackle food insecurity in developing countries. A broad variety of approaches exists to achieve precise data and information about agriculture. One system, especially developed for smallholder agriculture in East Africa, is the Farm Management Handbook of Kenya. It was first published in 1982/83 and fully revised in 2012, now containing 7 volumes. The handbooks contain detailed information on climate, soils, suitable crops and soil care based on scientific research results of the last 30 years. The density of facts leads to time consuming extraction of all necessary information. In this study we analyse the user needs and necessary components of a system for decision support for smallholder farming in Kenya based on a geographical information system (GIS). Required data sources were identified, as well as essential functions of the system. We analysed the results of our survey conducted in 2012 and early 2013 among agricultural officers. The monitoring of user needs and the problem of non-adaptability of an agricultural information system on the level of extension officers in Kenya are the central objectives. The outcomes of the survey suggest the establishment of a decision support tool based on already available open source GIS components. The system should include functionalities to show general information for a specific location and should provide precise recommendations about suitable crops and management options to support agricultural guidance on farm level.

Does the actual transportation system covers the need of an integrated transportation system in Bogota

El problema de transporte en Bogotá es cada vez algo mas grande, pues las medidas actuales y los planes a futuro para el desarrollo de un sistema integrado de transporte parecen no ser suficientes para la magnitud poblacional de la capital Colombiana; de igual manera los precios son elevados y representan un inconveniente para los ciudadanos puesto que la cantidad de estos que puede pagar un pasaje del actual sistema transmilenio es cada vez más baja debido al alto incremento que su tarifa tiene anualmente. Por esta razón durante lo largo de este escrito se justificaran las razones que indican que los planes aplicados y por aplicar por el distrito no son suficientes para cubrir el vacío que existe en Bogotá a nivel de un sistema integrado de transporte público.

Internal Displacement, the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the Principles Normative Status, and the Need for their Effective Domestic Implementation in Colombia.

El artículo analiza el fenómeno del desplazamiento forzado alrededor del mundo, así como la génesis del mandato de las Naciones Unidas para luchar contra este problema. Examina las conclusiones clave del estudio de la ONU que encontró que las normas existentes del derecho internacional tienen varios vacíos y zonas grises relativos a las necesidades de los desplazados internos. También analiza los orígenes y el contenido de los principios guía del desplazamiento interno, así como el estatus normativo de los mismos. Así mismo, sugiere que, a pesar de no ser vinculante para los Estados, estos principios guía se convirtieron en la expresión más autorizada de los estándares mínimos aplicables a los desplazados internos como consecuencia de la práctica estatal, es decir, que la mayoría de estos principios se volverán costumbre internacional. El artículo también señala la necesidad de que haya una implementación efectiva en el derecho interno de estos principios guía; examina cómo las autoridades gubernamentales, la Corte Constitucional y la sociedad civil en Colombia, así como las entidades intergubernamentales, respondieron a la crisis del desplazamiento interno en el país. Observando el marco legal colombiano en desplazamiento interno, el artículo concluye que el Estado no ha tomado las medidas necesarias requeridas para prevenir futuros desplazamientos o para asegurar una protección y asistencia efectivas para resolver las necesidades de los desplazados internos.

Conceptual Rapprochement and the Analysis of the Historical, Normative and Jurisprudential Treatment of the Rural Workers, as Regards the Need for Special Protection

This article aims to present an approach to the issue of farm or rural zone workers, including a labour law study of agrarian legal decisions, so as to demonstrate their importance in respect to social, economic and cultural rights in Colombia. The study will serve to illustrate through the history, the applicable law and the jurisprudence, the different ways in which farmers have been treated from the time of the origin until the arrival of modern systems of industrialization. It calls into question the effectiveness of existing laws and the role of the courts, in spite of globalization, to maintain the minimum rights and guarantees of farm workers who are considered to be a vulnerable population. In conclusion, this study seeks to illustrate the current role of the Labor law and the National Health Service in the area of demonstrating of the existence or absence of mechanisms to protect workers in rural areas and the need to create some mechanisms that involve social justice given its prime importance in the Constitution of 1991.

Need you so bad : los poemas amorosos de Catulo en las letras de los blues.

Se reflexiona sobre la relación existente entre la poesía del escritor latino Cayo Valerio Catulo y la música afroamericana conocida con el nombre de blues. Se analizan los protagonistas y los tópicos que aparecen en la obra del autor comparándolos con los que se muestran en los blues, cuya temática está centrada en un sentimiento universal, la tristeza del amante rechazado.

The effect of Need for Cognition on the stability of prejudiced attitudes toward South American immigrants

Resumen tomado de la publicación

What kind of competence teachers need in the year 2020?

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Enterprise internships: modern fashion or real need?

The objectives of this work are twofold. First, it aims to reflect on student internship placements as a tool for developing the engineering curriculum. Secondly, we present a webbased software for the efficient management of enterprise internships. This tool is scalable, allowing the management of an increased number of students while minimizing the requirement for managing time

Towards closure between measured and modelled UV under clear skies at four diverse sites

The purpose of this work is determine the extent of closure between measurements and models of UV irradiances at diverse sites using state of the art instruments, models, and the best available data as inputs to the models. These include information about aerosol optical depth (unfortunately not extending down as far into the UVB region as desirable because such information is not generally available), ozone column amounts, as well as vertical profiles of temperature. We concentrate on clear-sky irradiances, and report the results in terms of UV Index (UVI)

Efficient 3D scene modeling and mosaicing

El modelat d'escenes és clau en un gran ventall d'aplicacions que van des de la generació mapes fins a la realitat augmentada. Aquesta tesis presenta una solució completa per a la creació de models 3D amb textura. En primer lloc es presenta un mètode de Structure from Motion seqüencial, a on el model 3D de l'entorn s'actualitza a mesura que s'adquireix nova informació visual. La proposta és més precisa i robusta que l'estat de l'art. També s'ha desenvolupat un mètode online, basat en visual bag-of-words, per a la detecció eficient de llaços. Essent una tècnica completament seqüencial i automàtica, permet la reducció de deriva, millorant la navegació i construcció de mapes. Per tal de construir mapes en àrees extenses, es proposa un algorisme de simplificació de models 3D, orientat a aplicacions online. L'eficiència de les propostes s'ha comparat amb altres mètodes utilitzant diversos conjunts de dades submarines i terrestres.

A mobilidade no sector bancário português

Devido ao período difícil que o país atravessa é importante para todos os sectores empresariais e também, para a banca, que não se percam clientes para a concorrência, de modo a conseguir fidelizá-los. Os consumidores têm o direito de eleger o banco onde pretendem que exista uma relação. Desta forma, perante o mercado existente e os produtos que as instituições bancárias oferecem num determinado momento, os consumidores têm de analisar as várias propostas dos bancos e esta escolha tem por base diversos fatores: o preço, a localização do banco, qualidade de atendimento, etc. No caso de um determinado consumidor não estar satisfeito com o serviço prestado pelo seu banco, quer em termos de preços ou qualidade, tem o direito de mudar de banco. No entanto, e perante a crise que se atravessa, os bancos colocam alguns entraves na saída do cliente para o banco concorrente, nomeadamente, custos de mudança. Estes custos refletem, principalmente, as comissões de encerramento de produtos bancários. Assim, para que a mobilidade dos clientes se realize sem entraves, os bancos devem simplificar as medidas de modo a facilitar este processo de transferência dos clientes, para outras instituições.

A resource guide: Mainstreaming a child with a hearing impairment: What teachers need to know

This paper is intended as a resource for teachers by providing information and teaching strategies to help meet the needs of children with a hearing impairment in the mainstream educational setting.

Broadening our scope: Supporting the need for oral deaf educators in rural communities

This paper supports the need for oral deaf educators in rural communities and their importance in the education of children who are deaf and hard of hearing.