877 resultados para Mercado de trabalho, Brasil


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GOMES, Z. B. ; LOURENÇO, André Luís Cabral de . Atuação do estado como empregador de última instância: uma proposta para eliminar o desemprego estrutural do Brasil. In: Encontro Nacional de Economia Política,13., 2008, João Pessoa/PB. Anais... João Pessoa, 2008.

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Dental education is going through important changes in preparing workers to meet the needs of the society and the labor market. For that reason, we studied the offering of comprehensive dental care clinics in Brazil with the aim of encouraging future curriculum changes focused on the training of general dental practitioners. An email questionnaire on educational organization and comprehensive care clinics of undergraduate programs was sent to each academic dental affairs dean. Sixty-seven (41.6%) dental schools agreed to participate. We observed that curriculum changes have contributed to modify the format of comprehensive care clinics. This was felt mainly (88,1%) with regards to workload and course offerings in different levels of the dental curriculum, thereby creating a favorable environment for generalist training. Most schools shared the following characteristics: clinical procedures were being prioritized according to level of complexity (95,5%), students were having the chance to attend courses in other programs (37,3%), and attempt to diversify teaching methods was being challenged (58,2%). Although progress in combining teaching and clinical services was reported by 83,6% of schools, most clinical procedures were still being performed intramurally (50,7%) in partnership with public service. There was also improvement in clinical mentorship due to the hiring of instructors qualified to work in comprehensive care clinics and with aptitude to supervise a wider range of dental procedures (58,2%). Further changes to Brazilian comprehensive care clinics should hence be encouraged and intensified to ensure appropriate generalist training for dental practitioners

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There is a clear relationship between citizenship and labor market. While foreign nationals are equal in dignity and rights in the laws governing the employment of this labor force. Motivated by reasons of state security or political direction, such laws to a greater or lesser degree, create establish a system of worker protection in the face of the foreign national. These rules have a direct impact on economic regulation, as they can affect the supply of skilled labor or not, articulating with the economic order envisaged by the 1988 Constitution. The Constitution adopts several principles in its economic order, so that the issues involving the rules of the nationalization of all work must be considered in a systematic way, one can not choose a pleasure interpreter. The nationalization of the work rules are not unique to Brazil, similar rules exist in several countries of South America and Africa. In Europe they already existed, but lost out on the basis of treaties setting up the European Union, although other mechanisms are used for the purpose of protecting the citizens of the member states, making policies equal treatment legislation symbolic. The nationalization of the work rules governing the relationship between nationality and the labor market and are in a legal category, which has a function to fulfill in the Brazilian legal system. Not all rules nationalization violate the principle of equality, as it is possible, depending on the circumstance indeed adopt a criterion that implies differentiation between nationals and foreigners. The Constitution has a will arising from its normative force, so that the assumptions it (constitution) used to discriminate may also be possible by ordinary legislation, since the situation is actually justifiably constitutional

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This study aims to analyze the income differentials by gender in Brazil, in the years 1976, 1987, 1996 and 2009. Specifically, there are two objectives. First, attempt to analyze the importance of the effects of composition and wage structure in the job market. In the second, to verify which socioeconomic variables explain the effects of composition and wage structure in the job market. The information in this study was obtained from the microdata of Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) regarding the respective years. In the first stage of the methodology we used: the index of income distribution Theil-T; the income gap decompositions proposed by Oaxaca (1973) and Blinder (1973); and Firpo et al. (2007). In the second stage we applied the RIF regression method (Recentered Influence Function) of Firpo et al. (2007). The results show that income inequality is higher among men than among women in the country. It was observed that the component of inequality between people of the same gender represented the largest share in the decomposition of income inequality between genders. It was found, in the decomposition of the average income, a downward trend of income gap, but the differential remains favorable to the men. We noticed that the impact of the composition effect in reducing the gap was offset by the positive effect of wage structure. Regarding the distribution quantis, income differential between genres appeared greater at the bottom, in the years 1976, 1987 and 2009; and at the top of the distribution, in 1996 featuring, respectively, the sticky floor and glass ceiling effects in Brazil. As for the decomposition of the RIF, it turns out that the composition effect assisted in the downfall of the income gap between 1976 and 2009, but was offset by the positive effect of the wage structure in quantis 10th, 50th, and 90th. The main socioeconomic variables influenced the drop in income gap were: the composition effect, the manual labor occupations, service sector and low-grade and high school, and the wage structure effect, schooling low and high experience professional and technical occupations and urban centers

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Incluye Bibliografía

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Incluye Bibliografía

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O Brasil está atualmente participando das negociações para aprofundamento e/ou realização de diversos acordos de livre comércio - Mercosul, ALCA, União Européia, Comunidade Andina, África do Sul, etc. A composição do comércio brasileiro difere bastante entre estes parceiros. Enquanto a pauta de exportações do Brasil para a América Latina, por exemplo, se caracteriza por um maior peso de produtos manufaturados e um maior grau de elaboração, no outro extremo, tem-se uma pauta de exportações para a Europa concentrada em bens primários ou pouco elaborados. Pelo lado das importações, também existem diferenças segundo as regiões de origem, ainda que menos acentuadas do que para as exportações. Estas diferenças na composição dos fluxos de comércio, assim como a diferente cobertura dos acordos em negociação abrem perspectivas diferentes destes acordos em termos de impacto sobre o mercado de trabalho. Este trabalho utilizou o cálculo do conteúdo em trabalho do comércio para fazer uma avaliação dos impactos dos acordos comerciais sobre o emprego e o mercado de trabalho no Brasil, distinguindo os efeitos segundo o grau de qualificação dos trabalhadores. Segundo os presentes cálculos, o Brasil é um exportador líquido de trabalho: o saldo de trabalho embutido nas exportações e importações corresponde a 4,8% do emprego total da economia brasileira. Do lado das exportações, o trabalho embutido corresponde a 11,9% do emprego total e, do lado das importações, esta parcela é de 7,1%. Embora o Brasil seja exportador líquido de todas as categorias de trabalho, a contribuição mais significativa para o saldo total de empregos é da categoria de trabalhadores pouco qualificados (que possuem de 0 a 7 anos de estudo). A contribuição da categoria de qualificação intermediária é pequena e a de maior qualificação, quase nula (os saldos em termos de trabalho embutido nas exportações líquidas representam, respectivamente, 2% e 01% do emprego total de cada categoria). Estes resultados ilustram um resultado conhecido da teoria de comércio internacional segundo o qual a liberalização gera ganhos diferentes segundo os agentes, obrigando os elaboradores de política econômica a arbitrarem entre ganhadores e perdedores e criando, possivelmente, mecanismos de transferências para compensar as perdas. De maneira mais concreta, fica evidente que, se for considerada a quantidade de emprego como critério para avaliação dos acordos comerciais, é possível que o efeito dos acordos sobre o emprego total seja pequeno ou até mesmo negativo. E que, a arbitragem deverá ser feita entre qual tipo de trabalho promover ou proteger.

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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Ciências Sociais - FFC