Estudio de tres novelas de literatura proyectiva: Guayaquil, novela fant��stica de Manuel Gallegos Naranjo, R��o de sombras de Jorge Velasco Mackenzie y El libro flotante de Caytran D��lphin de Leonardo Valencia

La rama proyectiva de la literatura, tambi��n llamada literatura de anticipaci��n, elabora una crítica cultural, pol��tica, social, filos��fica y econ��mica del presente al realizar fabulaciones acerca de un futuro donde usualmente se desarrollan distop��as. Estos ejercicios se han escrito empleando los c��digos de g��nero fant��stico, maravilloso y la ciencia ficci��n para suponer c��mo ser�� el destino de las urbes modernas. Dentro de esta l��nea, la narrativa guayaquile��a recrea en sus historias una ciudad en crisis inmanente donde sus habitantes han aprendido a convivir con la idea de la destrucci��n. Estableciendo un di��logo con el imaginario apocal��ptico judeo-cristiano instaurado desde la conquista de Am��rica y que ha cobrado un car��cter renovado en este continente debido a su contacto con f��bulas locales, los textos Guayaquil, novela fant��stica (1901) de Manuel Gallegos Naranjo, R��o de sombras (2003) de Jorge Velasco Mackenzie y El libro flotante de Caytran D��lphin (2006) de Leonardo Valencia, abordan desde sus propuestas est��ticas ligadas con el fin del mundo, el temor de los guayaquile��os ante la posible destrucci��n de su metr��poli. En estas novelas, la principal sensaci��n de amenaza proviene del r��o junto al cual se construy�� y ha crecido la ciudad, por lo que el agua es transformada en una alegor��a de la memoria guayaquile��a y tambi��n de su necesidad de transformaci��n permanente. El haber descubierto una l��nea de lectura apocal��ptica desde la cual abordar estas novelas prospectivas, refresca la mirada sobre el canon ecuatoriano y tambi��n ensaya un di��logo diferente con nuestra identidad. Con este conocimiento del fin que se aproxima, los habitantes de la ciudad amenazada deambulamos por sus calles aguardando ���a veces con recelo, a veces con esperanza, porque el apocalipsis es tambi��n renovaci��n��� la llegada de la inundaci��n definitiva.

O impasse da modernidade no Brasil das primeiras d��cadas deste s��culo: an��lise de Ra��zes do Brasil de S��rgio Buarque de Holanda

Analisa o livro Ra��zes do Brasil, de S��rgio Buarque de Holanda, sob a ��tica da quest��o do impasse da modernidade vivido pelo Brasil �� ��poca. A modernidade �� entendida como o atingimento de padr��es de desenvolvimento pol��tico, econ��mico e social semelhantes aos dos pa��ses considerados modernos �� ��poca de elabora����o do livro. A an��lise se d�� atrav��s de dois eixos. �� primeiro �� o do contexto pol��tico, ideol��gico, liter��rio, econ��mico e das ci��ncias sociais das d��cadas de 20 e 30, procurando tamb��m enxergar a trajet��ria intelectual do autor. �� segundo �� a an��lise detalhada do texto, procurando identificar seus principais temas, a rela����o entre eles e como podem ser melhor entendidos no seu conjunto sob o prisma do impasse da modernidade. Ao longo da disserta����o �� utilizado largamente o recurso de compara����o entre as edi����es, al��m da avalia����o da literatura crítica.

Mem��ria de um tempo circular no territ��rio de Carlos Fuentes

Ao contr��rio da concep����o linear do pensamento ocidental, o tempo mexicano, situado na tradi����o pr��-hisp��nica, indica uma multiplicidade de tempos, possibilitando que variadas e distantes ��pocas sejam realidades presentes. Nesse enfoque, diferentes tempos da história mexicana incorporam a narrativa de Carlos Fuentes, onde �� comum passado, presente e futuro estarem imbricados em circularidades que resgatam com a imagina����o e a linguagem uma mem��ria encoberta pelo discurso totalizador. Na sua obra, Carlos Fuentes percorre mitos, tempos e espa��os atrav��s de uma escritura que traduz uma cultura mesti��a constru��da por vertentes americanas e europ��ias. No entrela��amento da pluralidade dos mundos, descobre os acontecimentos do passado, introduzindo significa����es aos sil��ncios relegados �� margem da história. Atrav��s das an��lises de ���Las dos orillas��� ��� conto do livro El naranjo; do romance La muerte de Artemio Cruz e de personagens que transitam nos contos de La frontera de cristal, s��o investigados tr��s momentos da história mexicana: Conquista espanhola, Revolu����o mexicana e migra����es da atualidade na fronteira. Desse modo, s��o exploradas possibilidades hist��ricas disseminadas na produ����o de Carlos Fuentes

A na����o brasileira entre o fato e a fic����o : literatura e quest��o nacional na imprensa porto-alegrense entre 1922 e 1937

O presente estudo prop��e-se investigar os debates sobre literatura e quest��o nacional na imprensa porto-alegrense, entre os anos de 1922 e 1937. Para tanto, pesquisaram-se os jornais Correio do Povo e Di��rio de Not��cias, bem como as revistas M��scara e Revista do Globo. O objetivo �� verificar, de uma parte, de que modo a imprensa de Porto Alegre, no referido per��odo, percebeu e debateu a literatura sua contempor��nea, e, de outra, de que modo percebeu e debateu a quest��o da nacionalidade, da identidade nacional, da brasilidade. Com tal intuito, examina-se, inicialmente, a quest��o nacional e a literatura no largo per��odo anterior, do romantismo ��s v��speras da Semana de Arte Moderna. Tal exame mostrou-se fundamental para fins de compara����o e contraste, em suma, de alicerce para a leitura aqui proposta. O entrela��amento de literatura, quest��o nacional, história e sociedade �� igualmente ensaiado, objetivando um quadro mais completo do momento pol��tico, social e cultural do per��odo. Os resultados evidenciam a perman��ncia do debate sobre a quest��o nacional, desde o romantismo brasileiro, n��o significando, contudo, continuidade invari��vel de respostas ��s quest��es em pauta. Grosso modo, um ufanismo legitimador e um pessimismo reformista s��o as posi����es dominantes e em disputa. A partir de 1924, com a virada nacionalizante dos modernistas, uma nova esp��cie surge: um ufanismo reformista, que ser�� a t��nica desses anos aqui estudados.

Racionalidade substantiva no processo decis��rio: um estudo em institui����es que lidam com o tratamento oncol��gico infantojuvenil na cidade de Natal-RN

The present study regards an applied social research (qualitative) performed in two institutions which lead children s cancer treatment in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. The main goal of this study is, as of a literature review at works which characterizes the first generations of study about substantive rationality, to detect Decision Making process related aspects that may serve as a basis to elaborate analysis categories from decision making process, aggregating them into a new study that may provide an advance to the theme in administrative science. The academic works based on the analysis model created by Mauricio Serva served as a basis to deep research into such theme, which verifies the predominant rationality in eleven administrative internal processes in productive organizations. This dissertation intends to go beyond the identification of the predominant rationality by elaborating new categories of analysis, and making possible the continuity of the subject in administrative science. Based on Guerreiro Ramos s work, which sees a kind of ideal organization, as known as isonomies, this study still calls upon Karl Polanyi s thoughts, which with the objective of comprehending the independent economic phenomenon of the value that allows considering non-market economies, find that the economy of the men is submerged in his social relations; it also rescues the studies from Max Weber who investigates the meaning of social action to better understand the rationality, and refers to the study of J��rgen Habermas, who proposes a broader conception about rationality, within the theory of communicative action. As a result of this theme s review, seven analysis categories of the decision making process have been formulated. They were applied in the institutions that had been chosen and helped to detect the type of predominant rationality in the categories of the decision making process. The results confirm that, although the decisions making process involves rational elements, such as information, identification of alternatives, there are also specific values of each individual with his experience and view oh the world, permeated not only by instrumental rationality, but also by substantive rationality. The study has verified that two similar institutions may show different types of rationality in the decision making process, when decision factors may tend to instrumental rationality, according to administration classic way, as well as they may emerge from substantive rationality, thus contributing to the process of emancipation of the human being in his sphere of work

Uma história de vida e uma vida de histórias: mem��ria e oralidade no Romanceiro de Dona Militana

Este estudio trata de establecer relaciones sobre la importancia del fen��meno sociocultural que emerge de Do��a Militana para la cultura potiguar. Para tanto tomamos sus recuerdos de los romances como parte de un contexto social, relacionados con el tiempo y el espacio, que afecten a la vida material y moral de su grupo social. Resaltamos, por lo tanto, el fen��meno de la memoria individual en su relaci��n con la memoria colectiva. Proponemos, en este sentido, suponer que el mantenimiento y permanencia de estos romances en la memoria de la romancera revelan una din��mica de su grupo social para la formaci��n de su identidad. En este sentido, nos servimos como referencial te��rico de los estudios de Maurice Halbwachs, en lo que respecta a los debates sobre la memoria colectiva, en paralelo a los estudios de Paul Zunthor cuando se trata de las funciones de la oralidad para la formaci��n de la identidad. Para llevar a cabo los trabajos es de fundamental importancia, por supuesto, el relato de vida de la propia Do��a Militana en confronto con los simbolismo culturales contenidos en los romances, con el objetivo que flagremos las (co)incidencias que demarquen la identidad de sus v��nculos de identidad con el universo cultural en que est�� insertado. Como resultado, se tom�� como objeto de an��lisis desde la deposici��n presentadas en las entrevistas, hasta los romances en sus aspectos po��ticos, ling����sticos y mitol��gicos, incluyendo los significados que el desempe��o de la romancera muestra. Objetivamos, por lo tanto, una comprensi��n dial��gica de la relaci��n entre la memoria individual (el caso de Do��a Militana) con la memoria colectiva, sobre la base de un hipot��tico concepto que subyace a la aparente singularidad de este fen��meno - un hecho aislado en cierta medida - una raz��n intr��nseca y compleja que se revela como la punta de un iceberg, al que convergen motivos hist��ricos inconscientes de un patrimonio cultural

O discurso dos tuiteiros: uma an��lise crítica da constru����o identit��ria coletiva e do empoderamento cidad��o

Los cambios sociales y culturales que caracterizan el mundo contempor��neo sorprendieron estudiosos de todas las ��reas. Los avances tecnol��gicos principalmente en el ��rea de transmisi��n de informaciones revolucionaron las nociones de tiempo y espacio. Nuevos medios de comunicaci��n, favorecidos principalmente por la llegada de Internet, abrieron espacios de expresi��n para ciudadanos deseosos de ser o��dos. A��n coexistiendo con los medios de comunicaci��n tradicionales, los nuevos espacios representan una oportunidad de libertad de expresi��n, de interacci��n sin mediaciones y de construcci��n de contenidos independientes. Movimientos sociales se organizan a trav��s de estos nuevos medios de comunicaci��n y desarrollan un activismo que comienza en forma virtual y se extiende a movilizaciones presenciales. Castells (2009) llama de auto comunicaci��n de masas a ese proceso de producir y difundir informaciones que antes era propiedad exclusiva de los medios de comunicaci��n tradicionales. Natal, fue escenario de la gestaci��n y articulaci��n virtual de un movimiento denominado Fora Micarla cuyo objetivo ha sido lograr el impeachment de la alcaldesa de la ciudad, Micarla de Souza. Aunque el objetivo principal no fue alcanzado, el movimiento form�� parte de los procesos de cambio social que llevaron los ciudadanos al ciberactivismo. El Fora Micarla se constituye tambi��n como un cambio social en s�� mismo al colaborar en la consolidaci��n de la identidad colectiva de un grupo de j��venes universitarios en busca de justicia social. El Twitter fue el principal canal de expresi��n del grupo y responsable por la r��pida expansi��n de las movilizaciones. El Abordaje Sociol��gico y Comunicacional del Discurso (ASCD) ha aportado el marco te��rico de referencia utilizado en esta investigaci��n. La Comunicaci��n para el Cambio Social (GUMUCIO, 2008) y la Sociolog��a Aplicada al Cambio Social (SACO, 2006) as�� como los estudios del sujeto y de las identidades (BAJOIT, 2006) forman la base de la ASCD para un estudio m��s completo de las pr��cticas discursivas. Considerando que el objeto de estudio son las manifestaciones discursivas de los usuarios simpatizantes del Movimiento Fora Micarla , y que la ASCD es un brazo del An��lisis Cr��tico del Discurso, se hace necesario un an��lisis ling����stico de los textos. La Gram��tica Sist��mica Funcional, a trav��s del Sistema de Evaluaci��n desarrollado por Martin and White (2004), ofrece los recursos para evaluar las manifestaciones por medio de tu��tes de los integrantes del movimiento. La representaci��n de los actores sociales (VAN LEUWEEN, 1998) complementa el an��lisis discursivo cr��tico de la ASCD. El empoderamiento ciudadano se materializa por medio de los cambios conquistados a trav��s de los nuevos medios

A letra escarlate como romance hist��rico: uma história de fragilidade humana e tristeza

The objective of this paper is to analyze the work of the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864), The Scarlet Letter (1850), in the light of the contributions of Literature and History of the American people in the context of New England. Accordingly, we highlight aspects that justify the inclusion of the work as a historical novel, especially based on the reading of The Historical Novel (1936-37) written by Georg Luk��cs. The diversity of voices and social interrelationships that come out of the main characters of the plot of the novel, as well as their contextual buildings, constituted as important traces to understanding the novel as being of historical value. During our study, we found out that it is in the plots of the novels that the characters reflect, at the same time, the specific conditions of their singularities, the general trends of the historical process and the social conditions from which they arise. We also could see that it is in their singularities that lie special tendencies of human beings. Our references to this study came from scholars as Howard (1964), Bakhtin (1998), Eagleton (2006), Todorov (2009), Zabel (1947), Sellers (1985), Cunlife (1986), Candido (1993) and Schwarz (1981)

Os rostos da pobreza brasileira: an��lise crítica dos discursos do governo federal, da Veja e da Cufa

Brazilian constitution says that all Brazilians have basic survival rights such as education, sanitation and food, but these basic rights are luxury for some. So, thinking about this, this paper aims to develop a critical analysis about the (re)production of the discourse on poverty, and consequently on the poor, given by the federal government, through the official website of the program Brazil Without Poverty (Brasil Sem Pobreza), the media, represented by Veja magazine, and by those who affirm to be representatives of the poor; like the Single Central Slums (Central ��nica das Favelas CUFA). Our aim is to present a critical reflection on the discourses about the poverty in the voices of the government, Veja magazine (media representative) and CUFA (poor representative) and their contribution to the development of the meanings of the theme in Brazilian society. In order to do so, we have identified categories based upon Bajoit (2006a) to classify which the author calls faces of poverty . We have used the Sociological and Communicational Discourse Approach (ASCD) as developed by Pedrosa (2012a, 2012b, 2012c), within the Critical Discourse Analysis as theoretical apparatus, and also the studies in which the ASCD is built upon such as Sociology for Social Change (BAJOIT, 2006), the Cultural Studies (HALL, 2005), and the Functional Systemic Linguistic, especially the Evaluating System (MARTHIN & WHITE, 2005, VIAN JR et al, 2011). Thus, the discourse on poverty or on fighting poverty, extracted from news, chronicles and other genres of the mentioned vehicles, are taken as object of study to understand identities that are created and renewed on poverty and on the Brazilian poor, as their dependence on the government and civil society, their exploitation by the economy, and even the media that sometimes features them as delinquent

Entre a f��, a obra social e a publicidade: uma an��lise crítica do discurso da responsabilidade social da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus

Situated on Applied Linguistics (PENNYCOOK, 1998; MOITA LOPES, 2003, 2006, 2008, 2009), this thesis, which is inscribed in a qualitative-interpretative approach of a critical analysis perspective , lies on the speech of social responsibility and the way like that is employed in seeking for legitimacy and prestige within the neopentecostal brazilian religious field, more specifically of the Universal Church of the Kingdom of God. The general goal of this research is t reflect upon the speech on social responsibility and the rethoric of selfpromotion of the Universal Church through the role of social actors in the making of his her identities, materialized in the newspaper Folha Universal. In order to achieve that, we have conjugated, in this research, social and discursive analysis. On the linguistic-discursive approach, the research is based on the Critical Analysis of Discourse (ACD), specially in Fairclough (2001, 2003, 2006), a proposal that provides theoretical-methodological tools to investigate the language beyond the linguistic structures , that is, the discourse, social practices in which it occurs and more ample structures. Theoretical assumptions were also used of Sistemico-Functional Linguistics(LSF), matching with categories of the Transitivity System of Halliday (1994, 2004), of the forms of representation of social actors in the socioeconomic perspective by Van Leeuwen (1997, 2008) and of the Appraisal system by Martin and White (2005). As we develop the argumentation on thesobre social role of religion in this thesis, we make use of the authors such as Freston (1994), Oro (1997, 2003), Campos (1996, 1999), Mariano (1999), Meneses (2008), among several ones. We have also used a series of concepts and categories coming from the field of communication and marketing on the business social responsability and social marketing . In this area, we take as references the contributions of Bueno (2003), Foss�� and Sartoretto (2003) and Zenone (2006). The corpus of the work is framed by news taken at the newspaper Folha Universal, in which are given the social responsibility actions of the church . The timeframe used was on the editions of 2010 thru 2012. Results found at he analysis of the News lead to semantic features of Assessment of Affection, Judgment and Appreciation, many times followed by Gradation, and the Attribution, one of the subsystems of the Attachment, are evidence of positive assessments for the Universal Church and its agents and make up rethorical elements which provide structure for the discourse of the Universal Church at the newspaper Folha Universal consisted of its image (style) of social responsibility . Results show that the most frequente social actors of the discourse are, on one hand, the Universal Church itself and its volunteers, famous (actors, actresses, presenters), politicians and authorities, on the other hand, the population which was helped by the Church social projects . The first group seems to be Always activated, however the second one, most of the time rather passive. These are also represented by assimilation in most of the occurrences, however the other ones by individualization and nomination entitled by honorification, except for the volunteers that are represented either as an individual, or as a group

Sujeitos e atores sociais nas representa����es discursivas de docentes da rede estadual de ensino em Sergipe: uma an��lise crítica em tempos de Ideb

According to the studies in Applied Linguistics, this thesis is based on an interdisciplinary perspective (Critical Discourse Analysis, Sociology towards Social Change, Cultural Studies and Systemic-Functional Linguistics). The overall objective of the research was to analyze the discourses of Elementary School teachers in the state of Sergipe, by means of the discursive representations of the social actors, the processes of subjectivity and their fragmented identities in the context of standardized evaluations before the requirements of globalized pedagogical practices, based on the result-based management. The critical analysis of such discourses was motivated by the rapid pace with which the demands of innovation become part of the classroom, aiming at reaching the target in what concerns the indexes of the rankings which characterize the globalized discourse of the national education management, like Ideb (Basic Education Development Index), which makes teachers change their discourses, become silent or keep resistant. The work was initially endorsed by the theoretical lines of the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2006), and poses a proposal for such purpose: the ASCD Discourse Sociological and Communicative Approach (PEDROSA, 2012, 2013). This is an interpretative-qualitative study of the Critical Discourse Analysis (FAIRCLOUGH, 2001, 2003; RAMALHO ; RESENDE, 2011) and to carry it out, semi-structured interviews were used as instruments of data generation (BAUER; GASKELL, 2011; GILL, 2011). Its corpus is composed of thirteen accounts of teachers from the Elementary school who teach Portuguese and work in the fifteen schools which were chosen to be the universe of the research at the Regional Board of Education (02) in the state of Sergipe. Such narratives are related to their impressions, expectations and actions which favor the management of results to which they have to submit themselves. The analytical overview of sociological and discursive line comes from the pan-semiotic categories (Inclusion and Exclusion) which appear in the theory of Representation of Social Actors (VAN LEEUWEN, 1997, 2008). To present the processes of subjectivity of these teachers, this work is based on the socio-analytical proposal of the classification of the subjects, which stems from the individual s work in the Gest��o Relacional de Si , which comes from the Applied Sociology (towards) Social Change (BAJOIT, 2006, 2009). The discursive analyses were guided word for word, in their majority, by having the Systemic Functional Grammar as their theoretical basis, specifically by the processes of the Transitivity System postulated by Halliday, (1985); Halliday and Mathiessen, (2004); Eggins (2004); Cunha and Souza (2011). The work makes the field of Cultural Studies emerge towards the dialogue and the presentation of the fragmented identities of the teachers in the context of late modernity (GIDDENS, 2002; HALL, 2011). The thesis promoted a reflection over the teacher s condition, who is immerse in this context of knowledge construction of the present Brazilian educational system, the standardized evaluations, the indexes of development, the targets and the rankings. The considerations and outcomes of such a research dealt with the teachers emerging social practices and the need of planned initial and continuing teacher education towards the new moment which is foreseeable

De platon �� candido: la litt��rature en question

Cette ��tude propose, �� partir de quelques conceptions de litt��rature qui circulent dans le domaine de la critique litt��raire, une approche th��orico-critique. Pour ce faire, on partira de la vision platonicienne et aristot��licienne, pour ensuite discuter les contradictions observables dans les concepts m��mes de litt��rature. A la fin, on se d��cidera pour une conception sp��cifique, en raison de sa flexibilit��.

O romance-projeto: um estudo de Lucinde (1799), de Friedrich Schlegel

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Alfredo Mesquita: Teatro e crítica na S��o Paulo de 1940 a 1960

Funda����o de Amparo �� Pesquisa do Estado de S��o Paulo (FAPESP)