Flood Risk Assessment in Coastal Drainage Basins through a Multivariate Analysis within a GIS-Based Model

This paper presents a GIS-based multicriteria flood risk assessment and mapping approach applied to coastal drainage basins where hydrological data are not available. It involves risk to different types of possible processes: coastal inundation (storm surge), river, estuarine and flash flood, either at urban or natural areas, and fords. Based on the causes of these processes, several environmental indicators were taken to build-up the risk assessment. Geoindicators include geological-geomorphologic proprieties of Quaternary sedimentary units, water table, drainage basin morphometry, coastal dynamics, beach morphodynamics and microclimatic characteristics. Bioindicators involve coastal plain and low slope native vegetation categories and two alteration states. Anthropogenic indicators encompass land use categories properties such as: type, occupation density, urban structure type and occupation consolidation degree. The selected indicators were stored within an expert Geoenvironmental Information System developed for the State of Sao Paulo Coastal Zone (SIIGAL), which attributes were mathematically classified through deterministic approaches, in order to estimate natural susceptibilities (Sn), human-induced susceptibilities (Sa), return period of rain events (Ri), potential damages (Dp) and the risk classification (R), according to the equation R=(Sn.Sa.Ri).Dp. Thematic maps were automatically processed within the SIIGAL, in which automata cells (""geoenvironmental management units"") aggregating geological-geomorphologic and land use/native vegetation categories were the units of classification. The method has been applied to the Northern Littoral of the State of Sao Paulo (Brazil) in 32 small drainage basins, demonstrating to be very useful for coastal zone public politics, civil defense programs and flood management.

Trace-metal biogeochemistry in the Mediterranean Thau Lagoon, a shellfish farming area

The present study contributes to the knowledge of the biogeochemistry of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Ni in the Mediterranean Than Lagoon, southern France, which is an important shellfish farming system. The concentrations of the metals were determined in sediment cores and the overlying waters using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Particular attention was given to the determination of dissolved Cu species because of their dual role as essential nutrient and toxicant to planktonic organisms. Dissolved Cu speciation was determined using the diffusive gradient in thin-film technique (DGT) and competitive ligand exchange-adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-ACSV). Our data indicated a significant historical contamination of the sediments, which commenced in the second half of the 19th century, with trace metal inputs persisting until the end of the 20th century. In recent years a decrease in metal contamination has become apparent. The maxima observed for Pb, Cd, and Cu profiles probably indicate the occurence of anoxia crises. A strong complexation of the dissolved Cu species was observed in the waters of the Than Lagoon, which reduced the bioavailability of Cu. The dissolved Cu(2+) concentrations were probably too low to cause direct toxic effects on shellfish, but the highest concentration (5.29 pM) observed in this study can potentially influence phytoplankton communities. A comparison between the Cu speciation data indicates that up to 50% of the complexed Cu determined using CLE-ACSV was DGT labile.

The actual status of the development of a Danish/Swedish system concept of a solar combisystem

At the beginning of 2003 the four year long research project REBUS on education, research, development and demonstration of competitive solar combisystems was launched. Research groups in Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Latvia are working together with partners from industry on innovative solutions for solar heating in the Nordic countries. Existing system concepts have been analyzed and based on the results new system designs have been developed. The proposed solutions have to fulfill country specific technical, sociological and cost requirements. Due to the similar demands on the systems in Denmark and Sweden it has been decided to develop a common system concept for both countries, which increases the market potential for the manufacturer. The focus of the development is on systems for the large number of rather well insulated existing single family houses. In close collaboration with the industrial partners a system concept has been developed that is characterized by its high compactness and flexibility. It allows the use of different types of boilers, heating distribution systems and a variable store and collector size. Two prototypes have been built, one for the Danish market with a gas boiler, and one for the Swedish market with a pellet boiler as auxiliary heater. After intensive testing and eventual further improvements at least two systems will be installed and monitored in demonstration houses. The systems have been modeled in TRNSYS and the simulation results will be used to further improve the system and evaluate the system performance.

Competitive Solar Heating Systems for Residential Buildings (REBUS)

Research on solar combisystems for the Nordic and Baltic countries have been carriedout. The aim was to develop competitive solar combisystems which are attractive tobuyers and to educate experts in the solar heating field.The participants of the projects were the universities: Technical University of Denmark,Dalarna University, University of Oslo, Riga Technical University and Lund Institute ofTechnology, as well as the companies: Metro Therm A/S (Denmark), Velux A/S(Denmark), Solentek AB (Sweden), SolarNor (Norway) and SIA Grandeg (Latvia).The project included education, research, development and demonstration. Theactivities started in 2003 and were finished by the end of 2006. A number of Ph.D.studies in Denmark, Sweden and Latvia, and a post-doc. study in Norway were carriedout. Close cooperation between the researchers and the industry partners ensured thatthe results of the projects can be utilized. The industry partners will soon be able tobring the developed systems into the market.In Denmark and Norway the research and development focused on solarheating/natural gas systems, and in Sweden and Latvia the focus was on solarheating/pellet systems. Additionally, Lund Institute of Technology and University ofOslo studied solar collectors of various types being integrated into the building.

Towards an epistemological theory of historical consciousness

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the concept of historical consciousness. It argues that a focus on the epistemological problems of the concept can be a way of constructing a theory of the concept that both incorporates the diverse perspectives that exist in research about the concept and specifies how a historical consciousness can be developed in an individual.

Layout och typografi i vetenskapliga artiklar : En kartläggning av konventioner gällande grafisk formgivning inom matematik, medicin och utbildningsvetenskap

En deskriptiv visuell innehållsanalys genomfördes med en korpus bestående av vetenskapliga artiklar från 30 topprankade tidskrifter jämnt fördelade på de tre disciplinerna matematik, medicin och utbildningsvetenskap, med syfte att undersöka om det fanns ett samband mellan tidskrifternas disciplintillhörighet och den grafiska formgivningen. Kartläggningen omfattade layout (bl.a. sidformat, spalter, marginalstorlek, användning av grafiska element, placering av tabeller, figurer och pagina) och typografiskt utseende hos titel, rubriker, brödtext och abstrakt (t.ex. teckenstorlek, textjustering, teckengrovlek, typsnitt, färg och radavstånd). Resultaten visar att disciplinerna använde olika men även gemensamma konventioner i sitt grafiska utseende. Matematik uppvisade enkelspaltig layout med liten typografisk variation, genomgående användning av typsnitt från familjen Transitional eller Transitional/Didone för hela dokumentet, avsaknad av kulört färg och sällan användning av grafiska element. Medicin uppvisade större variation med användning av kulört färg, icke-centrerad typografi med både sansseriff- och seriff-typsnitt, grafiska element och ramar som förstärker det ofta använda dubbelspaltiga gridsystemet. Utbildningsvetenskap uppvisade en grafisk design som återfanns i båda disciplinerna, men påminde mest om matematik till utseendet. Kodbok ingår i sin helhet som bilaga. Uppsatsen i sig är delvis formgiven med utgångspunkt i de erhållna resultaten.

Escolas de administração e comunidade: a interação necessária : uma investigação sobre a extensão universitária e sua estruturação na Faculdade de Administração da Unversidade Federal Fluminense

Esta dissertação é produto de uma investigação sobre a extensão universitária e as bases institucionais para o seu desenvolvimento. A sua construção teve como norte o objetivo de analisar a estruturação da extensão em uma instituição de educação superior em Administração, o que foi realizado através de explorações teóricas e do estudo de caso da Faculdade de Administração da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Tendo como principal referência o pensamento do Fórum Nacional de Pró-Reitores de Extensão das Universidades Públicas, as dimensões institucionais que orientaram a análise do caso foram: política de gestão, plano acadêmico e infra-estrutura. De acordo com suas caracteristicas atuais na instituição em foco, foi possível compreender que estas bases, que suportam o desenvolvimento da extensão, ainda não estão adequadamente consolidadas. A principal conseqüência deste cenário é o desequilíbrio e dissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Isto, por sua vez, gera a prevalência da reprodução de conhecimentos que muitas vezes foram gerados em ambientes com caracteristicas distintas da sociedade brasileira e da comunidade onde a Universidade está inserida. Diante um cenário onde é urgente a necessidade de conhecimentos comprometidos com a solução de problemas que impedem a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento do Brasil, é necessário que esta instituição se renove para corresponder aos desafios da sociedade atual.

A influência da sindicalização dos professores no desempenho escolar dos alunos no Brasil no período de 1995 a 2005

O presente trabalho visa analisar a influência da sindicalização dos professores no desempenho escolar dos alunos das 4ª e 8ª séries do ensino fundamental, bem como do 3º ano do ensino médio no Brasil no período de 1995 a 2005, tendo como referencial teórico a literatura estrangeira desenvolvida sobre este tema, principalmente, nos Estados Unidos, pois os estudos no Brasil sobre os efeitos econômicos da sindicalização dos professores sob esta ótica ainda são incipientes, motivo pelo qual acredita-se que este trabalho vem a contribuir para o campo de pesquisa sobre educação. Para realizar tal análise, serão utilizados os microdados do Sistema Nacional de Avaliação da Educação Básica (SAEB) e das Pesquisas Nacionais por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD), do período de estudo em tela, em modelos econométricos elaborados teoricamente. As evidências empíricas, resultados das estimações das regressões, as quais serão apresentadas no decorrer desta obra, indicam a existência da relação entre sindicalização dos professores e desempenho escolar do alunos, principalmente, para o desempenho escolar dos alunos do ensino fundamental.

Sediment toxicity assessment of Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Guanabara Bay (GB) comprises of estuarine and marine environments of high ecological and socio-economic relevance, together with port, industrial and urban areas. The anthropogenic activities produce environmental impacts, including the aquatic pollution. The sediment quality assessment is important to evaluate the effects of contamination, once sediments are a repository for most of the contaminants. In this Study, the quality of sediments from GB was evaluated, in rainy and dry periods, throughout the employment of acute toxicity tests with the amphipod Tiburonella viscana, and chronic bioassays with embryos of the sea-urchin Lytechinus variegatus. In the dry period, acute toxicity was found in the sediments from stations 1, 2 3 (NW) and 7 (near Guapimirim Environmental Protection Area). The bioassays with liquid phases showed effects, but were strongly influenced by the unionized ammonia levels, which were high in this period. In the rainy period, acute toxicity was found in sediments samples from stations 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 15. Chronic toxicity could be clearly detected, as ammonia concentrations tended to be low in the most part of the samples. The results showed that the sediment toxicity is influenced by precipitation rates, which increase the input of contaminants to the Bay, and also allowed subdividing GB in three main zones: northwest (stations 1, 2, 3, 5), northeast (stations 6, 7, 8, 9) and centre-south (stations 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15). Results also showed that the quality of GB sediments is poor, and that toxicity tests could determine the combined effects of pollutants.

Eficácia de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência na cultura da soja convencional e transgênica

Na cultura da soja é frequente o uso de herbicidas seletivos aplicados em pósemergência para o controle das plantas daninhas. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência e a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência, isolados e em misturas, para o controle de plantas daninhas e os efeitos sobre o crescimento e o desenvolvimento da soja convencional (M-SOY 8001) e transgênica (M-SOY 7908 RR), foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos em campo, nos anos agrícolas 2006/2007 e 2007/2008. Os tratamentos constaram dos herbicidas: lactofen (168 g ha-1), glyphosate (1.080 g ha-1), lactofen + chlorimuronethyl (96 + 10g ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr (10 + 70 g ha-1), chlorimuron-ethyl + bentazon (10 + 600 g ha-1), glyphosate + imazethapyr (900 + 70 g ha-1), lactofen + chlorimuronethyl + imazethapyr (96 + 10 + 70 g ha-1) e lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr/ haloxyfop-methyl (96 + 10 + 70 + 60 g ha-1). Além disso, mantiveram-se duas testemunhas sem aplicação de herbicida (capinada e sem capina). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. O herbicida lactofen aplicado isoladamente e em mistura com chlorimuron-etyl, imazethapyr e haloxyfop-methyl provocou intoxicação inicial às plantas de soja, porém aos 27 dias após aplicação a cultura apresentava-se recuperada. No primeiro ano agrícola, as plantas daninhas foram satisfatoriamente controladas pelos tratamentos químicos. No segundo ano, os tratamentos que resultaram em melhor controle das infestantes foram glyphosate e glyphosate + imazethapyr. Houve redução na altura final das plantas, no segundo ano, tratadas com chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr, lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr e lactofen + chlorimuron-ethyl + imazethapyr/haloxyfopmethyl. Foi constatada redução na produtividade de grãos da variedade M-SOY 7908 RR tratada com lactofen e com a mistura chlorimuron ethyl + bentazon no primeiro ano. A aplicação de chlorimuron-ethyl + bentazon proporcionou redução na produtividade da variedade M-SOY 8001 no segundo ano.

Colheita mecanizada e perdas quantitativas de sementes de crotalária

In mechanized harvesting of seeds can occur losses, which reduce productivity, decrease the profitability and can do serious damage to the producer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quantitative seed losses of Crotalaria juncea depending on the harvester speed and the rotation of the threshing cylinder. The experiment was conducted in the area of Education, Research and Production Unesp/Jaboticabal, using a entirely casualized design on factorial away 2x3, with two-speed displacement of the machine (1.8 and 3.2 km h(-1)) and three rotations of threshing cylinder (750, 800 and 850 rpm), with 4 repetitions. It was concluded that the measures relating to the development of the plants showed homogeneous behavior, indicating little dispersion of the data. It was observed that the rate of displacement of the harvester and rotation of the drum track not affected the losses in the plataform of cutting. The largest losses of crotalaria seeds occurred on the plataform of cutting the harvester machine, in the form of pods not harvested. It was observed that the total losses in the harvest of crotalaria seed were high, and the losses in pods on the soil, responsible for almost all the losses encountered.

Seletividade de diferentes herbicidas à base de glyphosate a soja RR

Com o objetivo de avaliar a seletividade de variedades de soja transgênica (CD 214 RR e M-SOY 8008 RR) a diferentes herbicidas à base de glyphosate (Roundup Ready, Roundup Transorb, Roundup Original, Roundup WG, Polaris, Gliz, Glifosato Nortox e Trop), foi desenvolvido experimento em condições de campo, no ano agrícola 2005/2006, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Produção da UNESP, campus de Jaboticabal, SP. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, num esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Os herbicidas foram aplicados na dose de 1,2 kg ha-1 de equivalente ácido de glyphosate, quando as plantas de soja se encontravam com a segunda folha trifoliolada totalmente expandida. Não foram observados sintomas de intoxicação dos herbicidas nas plantas de soja. Quanto às demais características avaliadas, a interação variedade x herbicida não foi significativa, indicando que os fatores comportaram-se de forma independente. Entre as variedades, as plantas de M-SOY 8008 RR apresentaram maior altura e número de nós, porém obtiveram menor produtividade de grãos que as de CD 214 RR, devido ao menor número de grãos por vagem. No tocante aos herbicidas, não houve diferença significativa entre eles, ou seja, eles não influenciaram o desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo das plantas de soja.

A formação de professores surdos de Libras: a centralidade de ambientes bilíngues em sua formação

The study object of this thesis intertwines the history of deaf education in the last 30 years in three schools for the deaf in the cities of Campina Grande, Gado Bravo and Aroeiras, Paraiba, the life stories of six deaf teachers of brasilian sign language (Libras) that have formed and works in these educational institutions for the deaf and our own journey, as a teacher and researcher. The study was conducted on the theoretical-methodological principles of (auto)biographical research in education and socio-historical studies on the social formation of the human. The corpus used for analysis was consisted of six narrative interviews conducted in sign language and transcribed into portuguese, documents and personal files and institutional. The analysis allowed us to define three hinge moments of this story: the creation of the first school for the deaf, within the framework of oralism (1980 - 1991), the passage into the Total Communication (1991 - 1995) and, finally, the introduction of Bilingualism (1995 to today). The analyzes show that the trajectories of teacher formation of the research participants reflect the history of the three schools which have costituted bilingual social spaces of paramount importance to the subjects and the deaf community as a group of linguistic and cultural minority. The evolution of this trajectory has allowed to demarcate between the two generations of research participants. The generation of heirs of oralism, which had delayed access to the Libras and lived an education referenced in oralism, whose reminiscences of childhood and adolescence are strongly marked by suffering for the lack of communication, which hinders their social and professional career until today. And the generation of the sons of bilingualism, the youngest in age, who had childhood access to Libras and education within the framework of bilingualism, whose reminiscences are not marked by suffering and have a positive vision of the future. With respect to your teacher formation, three figures stand out as a teacher. The teacher's improvised, closer to the first generation of teachers who were called to teach without proper training. The figure of the teacher craftsman, which corresponds to the image that most of them have of yourself now, understanding that their knowledge are based on the exchange between peers. And finally the figure of the real teacher, which stands on the horizon of expectations as future graduates in Letters |Libras. The narratives allowed to realize that the evolution between these figures is based on the contributions of the other: hearing teachers of EDAC and the Federal University of Campina Grande and deaf teachers of the two generations who learn from each other. The analyzes and reflections allowed to defend the thesis of the centrality of bilingual environments for the establishment of the deaf person as a citizen with full rights, based on the voice of the deaf, muted by the history of education, conducted by listeners

O ensino de artes nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: (re)pensando a prática docente

This paper aims to investigate the formative needs of Elementary School Arts teachers at municipal public schools in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, working in the initial grades. The research was developed using the qualitative approach and the investigation can be classified as an action research-inspired collaborative, distinguished by mutual collaboration among all participants, as well as a reflection upon their practice. Conducted with four Arts teachers of Municipal Education de Natal/RN, this work triggered a (re)thinking of teaching practice in Arts, discussing the teachers' formation and encouraging a group reflection about their academic and professional path. Their motivation towards teaching was also discussed, as well as the way their progress as Arts teachers and the contributions and limits of college education, also including experiential knowledge as a possibility of formation. The main formative needs suggested by the research were knowledge on child development and child learning, and the need of an Arts curriculum proposal for the initial grades of Elementary School. From those data, a reflexive context was built with the participant teachers to give a new meaning to Arts teaching practice in the first years of Elementary School. Finally, it was shown that the Arts teacher formation must be broad and involve not only specific knowledge on Arts, but also knowledge about childhood. It was also clearly shown that a curriculum review in education undergraduate courses must be considered, besides the offering of a continual formation to teachers already giving classes. Concerning the Arts curriculum proposal, it should be done based on a work joining officials of Municipal Education, research and formation institutions and teachers working in the first years of Elementary School. Finally, the work highlights the Arts are essential in all levels of Elementary School, since its first years, and it must be taught and learnt since childhood

Demanda energética nas operações mecanizadas na silagem de milho no sistema de silo bag

Foi avaliado o consumo energético das operações mecanizadas envolvidas na produção de silagem de planta inteira e silagem de grão úmido de milho, tendo como referência o processamento seco desse cereal. O ensaio foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, e nas instalações da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - UNESP, localizada no município de Botucatu - SP. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas no tempo (três épocas de colheita: silagem de planta inteira, silagem de grão úmido e colheita de grãos secos), com 10 repetições. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas por meio do programa ESTAT, pelo teste de média de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. A silagem de planta inteira teve o maior consumo de combustível por área. A secagem dos grãos de 15,5% para 13% foi responsável por 87% do gasto de energia por área. A silagem de grão úmido demandou o menor uso de energia por área nas operações mecanizadas.