Frost-Free Record Reconstruction for Eastern Massachusetts, 1733-1980

A reconstruction methodology utilizing such varied documents as diaries, agricultural journals, U.S. Weather Bureau killing frost records and instrumental records is discussed. A resultant 248-year frost record for eastern Massachusetts exhibits marked variations in the length of the growing season, that occur on a time scale of approximately 70 years. There is an apparent systematic long-term relationship between the timing of spring and fall killing frosts and the last 100 years of record reveals a decline in year-to-year variability.

A 170 year spring phenology index of plants in eastern China

Extending phenological records into the past is essential for the understanding of past ecological change and evaluating the effects of climate change on ecosystems. A growing body of historical phenological information is now available for Europe, North America, and Asia. In East Asia, long-term phenological series are still relatively scarce. This study extracted plant phenological observations from old diaries in the period 1834–1962. A spring phenology index (SPI) for the modern period (1963–2009) was defined as the mean flowering time of three shrubs (first flowering of Amygdalus davidiana and Cercis chinensis, 50% of full flowering of Paeonia suffruticosa) according to the data availability. Applying calibrated transfer functions from the modern period to the historical data, we reconstructed a continuous SPI time series across eastern China from 1834 to 2009. In the recent 30 years, the SPI is 2.1–6.3 days earlier than during any other consecutive 30 year period before 1970. A moving linear trend analysis shows that the advancing trend of SPI over the past three decades reaches upward of 4.1 d/decade, which exceeds all previously observed trends in the past 30 year period. In addition, the SPI series correlates significantly with spring (February to April) temperatures in the study area, with an increase in spring temperature of 1°C inducing an earlier SPI by 3.1 days. These shifts of SPI provide important information regarding regional vegetation-climate relationships, and they are helpful to assess long term of climate change impacts on biophysical systems and biodiversity.

Invisible social control as predictor of daily negative affect and smoking after a self-set quit date

The dual-effects model of social control proposes that social control leads to increased psychological distress but also to better health practices. However, findings are inconsistent, and recent research suggests that the most effective control is unnoticed by the receiver (i. e., invisible). Yet, investigations of the influence of invisible control on daily negative affect and smoking have been limited. Using daily diaries, we investigated how invisible social control was associated with negative affect and smoking. Overall, 100 smokers (72.0 % men, age M = 40.48, SD = 9.82) and their nonsmoking partners completed electronic diaries from a self-set quit date for 22 consecutive days, reporting received and provided social control, negative affect, and daily smoking. We found in multilevel analyses of the within-person process that on days with higher-than-average invisible control, smokers reported more negative affect and fewer cigarettes smoked. Findings are in line with the assumptions of the dual-effects model of social control: Invisible social control increased daily negative affect and simultaneously reduced smoking at the within-person level.

Daily negative affect and smoking after a self-set quit attempt: The role of dyadic invisible social support in a daily diary study

Objectives Social support receipt from one's partner is assumed to be beneficial for successful smoking cessation. However, support receipt can have costs. Recent research suggests that the most effective support is unnoticed by the receiver (i.e., invisible). Therefore, this study examined the association between everyday levels of dyadic invisible emotional and instrumental support, daily negative affect, and daily smoking after a self-set quit attempt in smoker–non-smoker couples. Methods Overall, 100 smokers (72.0% men, mean age M = 40.48, SD = 9.82) and their non-smoking partners completed electronic diaries from a self-set quit date on for 22 consecutive days, reporting daily invisible emotional and instrumental social support, daily negative affect, and daily smoking. Results Same-day multilevel analyses showed that at the between-person level, higher individual mean levels of invisible emotional and instrumental support were associated with less daily negative affect. In contrast to our assumption, more receipt of invisible emotional and instrumental support was related to more daily cigarettes smoked. Conclusions The findings are in line with previous results, indicating invisible support to have beneficial relations with affect. However, results emphasize the need for further prospective daily diary approaches for understanding the dynamics of invisible support on smoking cessation.

Examining invisible social control as predictor of daily smoking and negative affect after a self-set quit date

Objectives: The dual-effects model of social control proposes that social control leads to better health practices, but also arouses psychological distress. However, findings are inconsistent in relation to health behavior and psychological distress. Recent research suggests that the most effective control is unnoticed by the receiver (i.e., invisible). There is some evidence that invisible social control is beneficial for positive and negative affective reactions. Yet, investigations of the influence of invisible social control on daily smoking and distress have been limited. In daily diaries, we investigated how invisible social control is associated with number of cigarettes smoked and negative affect on a daily basis. Methods: Overall, 99 smokers (72.0% men, mean age M = 40.48, SD = 9.82) and their non-smoking partners completed electronic diaries from a self-set quit date for 22 consecutive days within the hour before going to bed, reporting received and provided social control, daily number of cigarettes smoked, and negative affect. Results: Multilevel analyses indicated that between-person levels of invisible social control were associated with lower negative affect, whereas they were unrelated to number of cigarettes smoked. On days with higher-than-average invisible social control, smokers reported less cigarettes smoked and more negative affect. Conclusions: Between-person level findings indicate that invisible social control can be beneficial for negative affect. However, findings on the within-person level are in line with the assumptions of the dual-effects model of social control: Invisible social control reduced daily smoking and simultaneously increased daily negative affect within person.

Social stressors at work and sleep during weekends: The mediating role of psychological detachment

Social stressors at work may result in long-term health impairments if recovery is insufficient. In the present psychophysiological field study, we tested whether the inability to psychologically detach from work issues mediates the negative effect of social stressors at work on sleep during weekends. Sixty full-time employees participated in the study. Daily assessment included diaries on psychological detachment and continuous ambulatory actigraphy to assess psychophysiological indicators of sleep. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that enduring social stressors at work were negatively related with psychological detachment on Sunday evening and negatively related with various sleep indicators on Sunday night. Furthermore, psychological detachment from work on Sunday evening partially mediated the effect of social stressors at work on two sleep indicators. Social stressors at work may threaten recovery processes just before the working week starts.

La literatura y la vida: los Cuadernos de Carmen Martín Gaite

Afirma el estudioso José Romera Castillo que en el período que va de 1975 hasta nuestros días han ido apareciendo (o se han rescatado) en España escritos diarísticos diversos en calidad y modalidad. Voy a insistir sobre esta calificación de “diversa modalidad" para analizar los diarios de la escritora española Carmen Martín Gaite (1925-2000), publicados en el año 2001 y 2005 con los títulos Cuadernos de todo y Visión de Nueva York, respectivamente. Estas colecciones de escritos íntimos aparecidas póstumamente, reafirman la poética de la autora, presente de manera implícita en sus novelas y desarrollada en sus libros de ensayos e investigación. La intrincada relación entre literatura y vida, presente siempre en toda su producción, se manifiesta con toda claridad en estos textos, que revelan la continuidad de su labor de escritora en cada momento de su vida y la coherencia de su ideario.

Biblioteca de los orígenes : Lectura y reescritura en el primer Diario (1939-1949) de Lezama Lima

El artículo indaga el modo en que la lectura y la reescritura se presentan en el Primer Diario (1939- 1949) de José Lezama Lima donde se ensayan diversas estrategias de apropiación sobre la tradición, trazo de un linaje y un escritura propios que abonan asimismo la construcción y reivindicación del sujeto de la enunciación

La enfermedad del diario: en torno a los diarios de John Cheever

Este trabajo se propone como una interrogación y una impugnación de lo que algunos teóricos del género reconocen como funciones específicas de los diarios íntimos (en particular, las llamadas "funciones terapéuticas), a partir de la lectura de una experiencia diarística singular, la de John Cheever. Durante su desarrollo, se revisan algunos tópicos de la crítica sobre literatura autobiográfica, como la diferencia entre "sinceridad" y "autenticidad" y entre estrategias de autofiguración subjetiva y experiencia íntimas.

O abandono do trabalho docente em aulas de educação física : A invisibilidade do conhecimento disciplinar

This research aimed to recognize similarities and differences in the configuration of cases of teachers of Physical Education characterized by dereliction of teaching. This study tried to understand how members of the school community, especially managers, see (if they do) the teaching practices of two teachers with similar teaching propositions in the classroom, but with a different engagement with the institution.The text was constructed based on two case studies developed in 2010 in public schools in counties of northeastern states of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected based on semi-structured interviews and field diaries.The results indicate that the neglect of teaching is perceived by members of the school community only when the teacher rejects any proposition in class and does not respond to other needs of the school, and his action is not acknowledged. The teacher is not guided by the contents of the higher education of the school discipline, and still does not change the school routines and minimally contemplates the tradition. The knowledge addressed (or not) in Physical Education classes is invisible to the eyes of school administrators

Biblioteca de los orígenes : Lectura y reescritura en el primer Diario (1939-1949) de Lezama Lima

El artículo indaga el modo en que la lectura y la reescritura se presentan en el Primer Diario (1939- 1949) de José Lezama Lima donde se ensayan diversas estrategias de apropiación sobre la tradición, trazo de un linaje y un escritura propios que abonan asimismo la construcción y reivindicación del sujeto de la enunciación

La enfermedad del diario: en torno a los diarios de John Cheever

Este trabajo se propone como una interrogación y una impugnación de lo que algunos teóricos del género reconocen como funciones específicas de los diarios íntimos (en particular, las llamadas "funciones terapéuticas), a partir de la lectura de una experiencia diarística singular, la de John Cheever. Durante su desarrollo, se revisan algunos tópicos de la crítica sobre literatura autobiográfica, como la diferencia entre "sinceridad" y "autenticidad" y entre estrategias de autofiguración subjetiva y experiencia íntimas.

O abandono do trabalho docente em aulas de educação física : A invisibilidade do conhecimento disciplinar

This research aimed to recognize similarities and differences in the configuration of cases of teachers of Physical Education characterized by dereliction of teaching. This study tried to understand how members of the school community, especially managers, see (if they do) the teaching practices of two teachers with similar teaching propositions in the classroom, but with a different engagement with the institution.The text was constructed based on two case studies developed in 2010 in public schools in counties of northeastern states of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected based on semi-structured interviews and field diaries.The results indicate that the neglect of teaching is perceived by members of the school community only when the teacher rejects any proposition in class and does not respond to other needs of the school, and his action is not acknowledged. The teacher is not guided by the contents of the higher education of the school discipline, and still does not change the school routines and minimally contemplates the tradition. The knowledge addressed (or not) in Physical Education classes is invisible to the eyes of school administrators

Biblioteca de los orígenes : Lectura y reescritura en el primer Diario (1939-1949) de Lezama Lima

El artículo indaga el modo en que la lectura y la reescritura se presentan en el Primer Diario (1939- 1949) de José Lezama Lima donde se ensayan diversas estrategias de apropiación sobre la tradición, trazo de un linaje y un escritura propios que abonan asimismo la construcción y reivindicación del sujeto de la enunciación

La enfermedad del diario: en torno a los diarios de John Cheever

Este trabajo se propone como una interrogación y una impugnación de lo que algunos teóricos del género reconocen como funciones específicas de los diarios íntimos (en particular, las llamadas "funciones terapéuticas), a partir de la lectura de una experiencia diarística singular, la de John Cheever. Durante su desarrollo, se revisan algunos tópicos de la crítica sobre literatura autobiográfica, como la diferencia entre "sinceridad" y "autenticidad" y entre estrategias de autofiguración subjetiva y experiencia íntimas.