985 resultados para DS485.H9 K455 1894


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目的:研究八棱丝瓜蛋白1的抗HIV-1活性.方法:通过实验株HIV-1IIIIB诱导合胞体形成抑制实验、HIV-1IIIB和临床分离株HIV-IKM018急性感染细胞以及HIV-1IIIB慢性感染细胞的p24抗原表达抑制实验检测八棱丝瓜蛋白1的抗HIV-1活性.结果:八棱丝瓜蛋白1抑制HIV-1IIIB诱导C8106细胞形成合胞体的EC50为0.025 μmol·L-1,治疗指数为76.八棱丝瓜蛋白1抑制HIV-1IIIB感染C8166和HIV-1KM018感染PBMC的p24抗原表达的EC50分别为0.033和0.207 μmol·L-1.八棱丝瓜蛋白1不抑制HIV-1IIIB在慢性感染H9细胞中的复制.结论:首次发现八棱丝瓜蛋白1是一种具有抗HIV-1活性的核糖体失活蛋白.

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】目的: 研究4'- 乙酰胺苯基4- 胍基苯甲酸酯(AGB)抗 HIV-1 活性及作用靶点。方法: 通过 AGB对宿主细胞的毒性实验、合胞体抑制实验、融合阻断实验、对HIV-1感染细胞的保护作用实 验和对HIV-1急性感染细胞p24抗原产生的抑制作用等试验,观察AGB对HIV-1复制的影响和作 关键词: AGB; HIV-1; 病毒进入; 杀微生物剂; 杀精子活性 中图分类号: R967; 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 0253-357X(2005)11-0660-05 本研究为国家高技术研究发展计划(2003AA219142)、国 家科技攻关计划 (2004BA719A14)、中国科学院知识创新 工程重要方向(KSCX2-SW-216; KSCX12-SW-11)、云南 省科技攻关计划(2004NG12)和云南省生育调节与少数民 族优生研究重点实验室资助项目 通讯作者: 郑永唐; Tel: +86-871-5195684; Fax:+86-871-5191823; E-mail: zhengyt@mail.kiz.ac.cn 在我国, 人免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)危害日趋严重,处在全国低流行 与局部地区及特定人群高流行并存的态势。卫生部 的数据显示,截止2005 年3 月底,全国累计报告 HIV 感染者114 703 例。专家估计我国实际HIV 感 染者超过100 万人。预计到2010 年, 全国HIV感染 者将突破千万。截止2004 年底, 云南省累计报告的 HIV 感染者已达28 391 人, 是全国流行最严重的地 区。艾滋病流行正由高危人群向一般人群传播。 新的证据显示近年来由性传播途径感染的比例有所 上升, 女性感染者的比例有较大幅度的上升, 迫切需 要发展一种女性可自主控制的方法 [1]。杀微生物剂 是可以局部用药于阴道和宫颈、能够杀灭或抑制 包括HIV等病毒性和细菌性病原体、人工合成或天 然的药物。具有避孕作用的杀微生物剂更是近年 来的研究热点,也具有广阔的应用前景[2,3]。 顶体酶是存在于精子顶体内的一种类胰蛋白 酶, 它是受精过程中的一种重要的蛋白水解酶, 此酶 能水解卵细胞的透明带, 使精子能够与卵细胞相融 合; 顶体酶还能促进生殖系统中激肽的释放, 后者能 够增强精子的活力和促进精子的运动, 顶体酶的失 活将导致不孕[4]。AGB(4'- 乙酰胺苯基 4- 胍基苯甲 酸酯)是顶体酶的抑制剂, 实验表明在多种动物中有 很好的杀精子作用[5-7]。Bourimbaiar等[8]曾报道AGB 还具有体外抗HIV-1的作用, 活性较N-9高, 且毒性 较小。在本实验中, 我们发现AGB 的体外抗HIV-1 活性主要是阻断HIV-1 进入细胞。 用机制。结果: AGB抑制HIV-1IIIB诱导C8166细胞形成合胞体, EC50为39.5 μg/ml; 抑制HIV-1感染 细胞上清中HIV-1 p24抗原的表达, EC50为33.36 μg/ml; 阻断HIV-1慢性感染H9细胞与正常C8166 细胞间融合的作用。结论: AGB具有阻断HIV-1 进入宿主细胞的作用,是一种有前景的具杀精子 作用的杀微生物剂。

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Trichosanthin (TCS) is a type 1 ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) effective against HIV-1 replication. The mechanism is not clear. Present results suggested that the antiviral action tray be partly mediated through enhanced apoptosis on infected cells. TCS induced apoptosis in normal H9 cells and this action was more potent in those infected with HIV-1. In flow cytometry study, TCS induced larger population of apoptotic H9 cells chronically infected with HIV-1 in a dose-dependent manner. At TCS concentration of 25 mu g/ml. 8.4% of normal H9 cells were found to be apoptotic whereas the same concentration induced 24.5% in HIV-1 chronically infected cells. Such difference was not found in the control experiments without TCS treatment. Two other studies supported this action. Cytotoxic study showed that cell viability was always lower in HIV-1 infected cells after TCS treatment, and DNA fragmentation studs confirmed more laddering in infected cells. The mechanism of TCS induced apoptosis in normal or infected H9 cells is not clear. Results in this study demonstrated that TCS is snore effective in inducing apoptosis in HIV-1 infected cells. This may explain in part the antiviral action of TCS. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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在稳定运行三年的复合垂直流构建湿地中试系统中进行了水体中痕量有机物的净化研究。进水为东湖茶港附近的湖水。水流方式为下行流 -上行流 ,进水方式采用间歇式 ,间隔为 8h ,水力负荷为 80 0mm3/(mm2 ·d)。采用C18反相SPE柱富集萃取中试系统的进出水及自来水 ,然后对其进行GC/MS分析 ,结果表明 ,东湖水主要为石油烃污染 ,酞酸酯类污染严重 ,自来水中亦存在痕量有机物的污染。复合垂直流构建湿地中试系统的出水比进水中痕量有机物的种类及数量均有所减少 ,说明这种系统有助于水体中痕量有机物的去

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This paper presents a Bayesian probabilistic framework to assess soil properties and model uncertainty to better predict excavation-induced deformations using field deformation data. The potential correlations between deformations at different depths are accounted for in the likelihood function needed in the Bayesian approach. The proposed approach also accounts for inclinometer measurement errors. The posterior statistics of the unknown soil properties and the model parameters are computed using the Delayed Rejection (DR) method and the Adaptive Metropolis (AM) method. As an application, the proposed framework is used to assess the unknown soil properties of multiple soil layers using deformation data at different locations and for incremental excavation stages. The developed approach can be used for the design of optimal revisions for supported excavation systems. © 2010 ASCE.

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To determine the environmental factors influencing C, phytoplankton chlorophyll a (Ch1 a), field investigations 4 were conducted in three river-connected lakes (Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake and Shijiu Lake) of the Yangtze floodplain in 2004. Results showed that the average Chi a concentration in these lakes ranged from 2.98 to 3.65 mg m(-3). The major factors influencing Chl a in lentic and lotic regions were total phosphorus (TP) and water velocity (U), respectively. Multiple relationships including total nitrogen (log(10)TN) and water depth (log(10)Z) were established. Further analyses found that the absolute Chi a and slope of log(10)Chl a=f (log(10)TP) in the river-connected lakes were obviously lower than those in the river-isolated lakes. This suggests the river-lake connectivity can significantly modify relationship between TP and chlorophyll a concentration.

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Although new empirical evidence shows that sympatric speciation has occurred in some species, there are few indisputable model organisms for this process of speciation. The two subspecies (Gymnocypris eckloni eckloni and G. e. scoliostomus) of the schizothoracine Gymnocypris fish species complex from a small glacier lake in the Tibetan Plateau, Lake Sunmcuo, fit several of the key characteristics of the sympatric speciation model. We used combined mitochondrial control region sequences and the cytochrome b gene (1894 bp) to address the phylogenetics and population genetics of 232 specimens of G. e. eckloni and G. e. scoliostomus, as well as all of its closely related sister species. We found that: (i) a total of four old lineages were uncovered in the widespread G. e. eckloni, of which only one was shown to be shared with all G. e. scoliostomus individuals and (ii) the new subspecies (G. e. scoliostomus) evolved in Lake Sunmcuo from the ancestral G. e. eckloni population within approximately 0.057 Ma. These two taxa of the species complex are morphologically distinct, and reproductive isolation is further suggested. Ecological disruptive selection based on morphological traits (e.g. mouth cleft characters) and food utilization may be a mechanism of incipient speciation of two sympatric populations within Lake Sunmcuo. This study provides the first genetic evidence for sympatric speciation in the schizothoracine fish.

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This paper reported the sorption, biodegradation and isomerization of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in laboratory sediment/water system under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. The effect of organic nutrient addition to the sorption of HCH was also investigated. It indicates that HCH is highly adsorbed on sediments under both conditions. During the tests, the biodegradation and isomerization of HCH were dramatically speeded up after organic nutrient additions, especially in the case of the observation under aerobic condition. It was found, beta-HCH was the most persistent in the environment, that is due to the isomerization of alpha-HCH in a big amount to beta-HCH, besides its chemical stability. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

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Microcrystalline silicon thin films at different growth stages were prepared by hot wire chemical vapor deposition. Atomic force microscopy has been applied to investigate the evolution of surface topography of these films. According to the fractal analysis I it was found that, the growth of Si film deposited on glass substrate is the zero-diffused stochastic deposition; while for the film on Si substrate, it is the finite diffused deposition on the initial growth stage, and transforms to the zero-diffused stochastic deposition when the film thickness reaches a certain value. The film thickness dependence of island density shows that a maximum of island density appears at the critical film thickness for both substrates. The data of Raman spectra approve that, on the glass substrate, the a-Si: H/mu c-Si:H transition is related to the critical film thickness. Different substrate materials directly affect the surface diffusion ability of radicals, resulting in the difference of growth modes on the earlier growth stage.

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综合基于角色的访问控制和信任管理各自的优势,提出了一个适用于开放式环境的细粒度可控委托授权模型--FCDAM(fine-grained controllable delegation authorization model),基于信任度实现了对角色中具有不同敏感度的权限传播控制.提出了为本地策略中的权限分配信任度阈值的方法,为RT_0添加了信任度支持,给出了在这种扩展后的信任管理系统中计算实体信任度的算法,并结合具体实例对模型的使用进行了说明.

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两栖类动物的皮肤是其得以生存的重要器官,它担负着许多生理功能,如呼吸、水份调节、温度控制、排泄、繁殖、抵抗微生物、防御天敌等。存在于两栖动物皮肤分泌物中的生物活性成分已成为研究热点。目前,己分离鉴定出许多具有各种生物活性的蛋白质及多肤。通过三步分离纯化过程:DEAE-SephadexA-50离子交换,SephadeX075凝胶过滤,和DEAE-SephadexA-50离子交换层析,我们从大蹼铃蟾(Bombinamaxima)皮肤匀浆物中分离得到纯化的大蹼铃蟾皮肤白蛋白(Bm-A-skin)。SDS-PAGE电泳表明,该蛋白为单链蛋白质,在还原状态下表观分子量为67kDa。非还原状态下至少存在三条带,分子量分别为50,55和110kDa。经N-端氨基酸序列分析,其序列均相同,故该蛋白在SDS存在下有同分异构体及多聚体形式。根据所测得的N端氨基酸序列及内肤序列设计引物,通过筛选已构建的大蹼铃蟾皮肤cDNA文库,获得了编码该蛋白的全长cDNA。经序列分析发现该蛋白由三个保守的血清白蛋白结构域组成,并且同人血清白蛋白及牛血清白蛋白的序列相似度分别为39%和38%。随后,我们从血清中也分离纯化到血清白蛋白(BmA-serum),并通过RT-PCR,从大蹼铃蟾肝脏中扩增得到其全长cDNA序列。对由cDNA序列推导的两个大蹼铃蟾白蛋白的氨基酸序列进行比较,发现二者基本相同,只有两个氨基酸的差异,即BmA-skin的Gly417,Ser569,在BmA-serum中均为Asn。造成这两个氨基酸差异的只有一个碱基的突变,即编码BmA-skinGly417,Ser569密码子的第二位碱基A在BmA-serum中变为G。另外,从肝脏获得的BmA-serum的cDNA3'非翻译区还有8个碱基的插入。经扫描光谱分析,BmA-skin含有大量的血红素b,含量为0.95moFinol蛋白,而BmA-serum中含量较少,为0.05mol/mol蛋白。经schiff试剂染色发现,BmA-skin及BmA-serum均为非糖蛋白质。两者均具有抑制trypsin水解小肚底物的活性,但对其它丝氨酸蛋白酶的活性则无抑制,如thrombin、chyomotryPSin、elastase及substilisin。利用表面等离子共振技术研究BmA-skin及BmA-serum与trysin的相互作用,分别得到它们与trrpsin结合的动力学常数,解离平衡常数KD为两者均通过由一对二硫键cys53-Cys62形成的一个暴露的活性位点环,以1:1分子摩尔比同tryrsin形成稳定的非共价结合的复合物,其反应活性位点为Arg58(P1)-His59(P1')。利用免疫组织化学方法研究发现,BmA-skin广泛地分布于成年大蹼铃蟾上皮细胞的细胞膜及真皮的疏松结缔组织层。表明其在蛙皮肤的生理功能中发挥重要作用,如水及代谢物质交换,渗透压的维持,皮肤呼吸等。另外,我们还从非洲爪蟾(xenopus勿即is)的血清及皮肤中分离到其68扔a的血清白蛋白,经初步鉴定也具有trtPsin抑制活性,但其抑制机制与B.maxima白蛋白不同,还有待于进一步研究。通过MTT法研究发现,BmA-skin对人T淋巴细胞H9、C8166及hemin处理的红白血病细胞K562具有细胞毒活性。三种细胞经BmA-skin处理72h,CC50A片段化,细胞核形态变化及流式细胞仪分析,结果显示,BmA-skin具有选择性诱导细胞调亡的特性。而BmA-serum对三种细胞均无毒性作用,单独的hemin对三种细胞的,胜也很弱。实验结果表明,BmA-skin结合的血红素b可能对其细胞毒及诱导细胞调亡的活性具有较大的贡献。用Cy3标记的BmA-skin与Hg和C8166细胞保温后,发现其进入细胞内发挥作用,这可能是其诱导细胞调亡机制之一。

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Albumin, the most abundant protein components of blood plasma, is synthesized and secreted by liver cells in vertebrates. Recently, it was demonstrated that frog Bombina maxima albumin is also expressed in skin. Both B. maxima albumins from skin and serum (BmA-skin and BmAserum) have similar biochemical characteristics except that the former contains haem b. Present studies showed that BmA-skin exhibited cytotoxic activity on H9 and C8166 cells. Pretreated with hemin to induce erythroid differentiation, K562 cells lost their resistance to cytotoxicity of BmAskin. After treating cells with BmA-skin for 48 h, 50 percentage cytotoxic concentrations (CC50) of BmA-skin on H9, C8166 and hemin-treated K562 cells were 1.31±0.09, 1.59±0.08 and 2.28±0.06 μM, respectively. The cell death induced by BmA-skin was mediated by apoptosis of the tested cell lines, as demonstrated by nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation and DNA hypodiploidy of apoptosis cells. At BmA-skin concentration of 2 μM, 27.3%, 19.7% and 17.8% of H9, C8166 and hemin-treated K562 cells were found to be apoptotic. In contrast, BmA-serum possessed no cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activity on all the cell lines tested, even with concentration used up to 15 μM. These results indicated that bound haem b in BmA-skin contributed significantly to its cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activity on the cell lines assayed.

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天花粉蛋白(Trichosanthin,TCS)是一种由247 个氨基酸组成的Ⅰ型核糖 体失活蛋白(Ribosome Inactivating Protein,RIP),从葫芦科植物栝楼 (Trichosanthes Kirilowii)球根中提纯获得。它具有广谱的生物学和药学活性, 包括抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、中期引产以及抗病毒活性。上世纪八十年代末, McGrath 等发现TCS 可以抑制HIV-1 在急性感染的T 淋巴细胞和慢性感染的 巨噬细胞中的复制,从而引起了研究者们极大的兴趣。但迄今为止,其抗HIV-1 的作用机制仍不清楚。 我们实验室对TCS 的免疫毒理作用和抗HIV-1 作用进行了多年的研究, 前期工作显示TCS 对HIV-1 的直接作用并不明显,但对于HIV-1 感染细胞却 具有很强的毒性作用。提示TCS 可能通过作用于宿主细胞来发挥其抗HIV-1 活性。在此基础上,我们从细胞方面着手,对TCS 选择性杀伤HIV-1 感染细 胞的作用及机制进行了探讨。首先,通过MTT 法检测发现,相同条件下,TCS 对于H9/HIV-1IIIB 细胞的毒性远远大于其对正常H9 细胞的毒性。其次,流式 细胞仪检测亚二倍体小峰和琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测片断化DNA 的实验证实了 TCS 对H9/HIV-1IIIB 的细胞杀伤作用是通过诱导细胞凋亡实现的。流式细胞仪 的结果显示TCS 以剂量依赖的方式诱导较多的H9/HIV-1IIIB 细胞凋亡,25μ g/mlTCS 作用24h 时,有8.4%的H9 细胞凋亡,而H9/HIV-1IIIB 细胞的凋亡率 则达到24.5%;随着作用浓度的降低,这种差异也在缩小。阳性对照D-Sorbitol 对两种细胞的凋亡率没有明显差别,约为25%。琼脂糖凝胶电泳的结果进一 步证实了这种推测,相同条件下,TCS 诱导H9/HIV-1IIIB 细胞出现更多的DNA 片断化。 TCS 可以选择性的诱导H9/HIV-1IIIB 细胞凋亡,为了进行更深入的机制研 究,我们建立了另外一株HIV-1 慢性感染细胞系,HIV-1 慢性感染的Jurkat 细胞系(Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB)来验证TCS的作用。发现相同条件下,TCS可以诱 导同等程度的Jurkat/HIV-1ⅢB和Jurkat 细胞凋亡,25μg/mlTCS作用24h 时, 分别有21.08%的Jurkat 细胞和27.27%的Jurkat/HIV-1IIIB 细胞凋亡。以上的结 果说明HIV-1 感染H9 细胞后增强了感染细胞对TCS 的敏感性,而HIV-1 感 染Jurkat 细胞后并不影响其对TCS 的敏感性。根据细胞凋亡途径中是否依赖 线粒体的参与可以将细胞分成TypeⅠ和TypeⅡ两种类型,H9 细胞采取的是 线粒体非依赖性的TypeⅠ型凋亡途径,而Jurkat 细胞则采取线粒体依赖性的 TypeⅡ型凋亡途径。由于Jurkat 细胞对TCS 诱导的凋亡更加敏感,我们推测 HIV-1 感染H9 细胞后,诱导了细胞凋亡途径由TypeⅠ向TypeⅡ型转变。为 此,我们采用流式细胞仪检测了TCS 对凋亡细胞内的线粒体膜电位及 caspase-8 蛋白酶活性的影响,结果显示,H9/HIV-1IIIB、Jurkat 和Jurkat/HIV-1IIIB 细胞对TCS 诱导的凋亡具有相同程度的敏感性,并且伴随着细胞线粒体膜电 位的耗散和caspase-8 蛋白酶的活化;而相同情况下,TCS 对H9 细胞的影响 则很微弱。由此,进一步证实了我们的推测,即HIV-1 感染H9 细胞后,通过 改变细胞内的某些信号,使H9/HIV-1ⅢB细胞的性状更加倾向于Type Ⅱ型细 胞,从而增强其对于TCS 的敏感性.

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艾滋病的流行严重威胁着人类健康和全球经济的发展,在某些国家已经造成 严重的经济问题和社会问题。由于尚无安全有效的艾滋病疫苗问世,药物治疗仍 是目前防治艾滋病的主要途径。二十多种抗HIV 药物的临床使用以及HAART 疗 法的应用,艾滋病患者的死亡率呈一定的下降趋势。然而,目前使用的抗HIV 药物能够抑制患者体内病毒的复制,但不能完全清除病毒。耐药病毒株的出现和 流行更降低了药物治疗的成功率。为此需要不断研究开发作用于新靶点或具有不 同作用机制的药物。 药物筛选是药物开发中的重要环节,其关键在于建立适合的药物筛选方法。 传统药物筛选费时费力,近年来逐渐被高通量药物筛选方法所代替。本研究中, 我们在大肠杆菌中表达并纯化了HIV-1 蛋白酶,获得了纯度和活性较高的蛋白 酶。利用荧光标记的蛋白酶底物在体外检测化合物对蛋白酶活性的影响,建立了 适于高通量筛选蛋白酶抑制剂的体外筛选方法。通过对大量样本的筛选,发现一 些具有蛋白酶抑制活性的化合物和粗提物。本研究还表达纯化了HIV-1 核衣壳蛋 白NCp7。利用锌离子特异性的荧光染料,建立了相应的高通量筛选方法。该方 法能够筛选出通过逐出NCp7 结合的锌离子而抑制该蛋白功能的化合物。这两种 体外筛选方法的建立大大提高了药物筛选的效率,降低了工作强度,为进一步的 研究打下了基础。 在药物开发过程中,常常通过对已知有效的化合物进行结构修饰以提高药物 活性并降低细胞毒性,改善药物疗效。在先前的药物筛选中,我们发现从高等真 菌中提取的β-咔啉类化合物flazin, 具有一定的抗HIV 活性。通过对flazin 的结 构修饰, 我们发现了治疗指数更高的化合物。本研究对其中两个, dehydroxymethylflazinamide 和flazinamide,进行了更深入的抗HIV 活性研究。 dehydroxymethylflazinamide 和flazinamide 抑制HIV-1IIIB 感染诱导的合胞体形 成的EC50 分别为0.31 μM 和 0.38 μM。 与flazin(EC50 为2.37 μM)相比较, 抗HIV 活性提高了约6-7 倍。这两个化合物对C8166 细胞的半致死浓度(CC50) 分别为27.34μM和118.64μM。Dehydroxymethylflazinamide 的细胞毒性与flazin (CC50 为28.71μM)相似,而flazinamide 的细胞毒性降低了约4 倍左右。与flazin 相比,通过结构修饰,Dehydroxymethylflazinamide 治疗指数从12.1 提高到 88.19,而flazinamide 治疗指数从12.1 提高到312.2。研究还发现,这两个化 合物对临床分离株HIV-1KM018 以及实验株HIV-2ROD、HIV-2CBL-20 也有良好的抑 制效果。 我们对dehydroxymethylflazinamide 和flazinamide 的作用机制也进行了初 步探讨。二者均能有效抑制HIV-1IIIB, HIV-2ROD and HIV-2CBL-20 病毒的细胞间传 播,而不能抑制HIV-1IIB 慢性感染的H9 细胞中病毒复制,说明该化合物可能主 要作用于病毒生活周期的早期阶段; 进一步的研究表明, dehydroxymethylflazinamide 对HIV-1IIIB 进入阶段有很强的抑制活性,说明进入 阶段是该化合物的主要作用靶点;而flazinamide 对直接杀病毒、病毒吸附及进 入均没有显著的抑制效果,该化合物的作用机制还需进一步研究。对酶靶点作用 研究表明,两个化合物对HIV-1 逆转录酶仅有微弱抑制活性说明该酶可能不是作 用靶点;dehydroxymethylflazinamide 对HIV-1 蛋白酶有抑制活性但半效浓度 (EC50)较高,说明该酶可能是化合物的次要靶点。而flazinamide 在体外与重组 的整合酶有较强的结合活性,暗示该化合物可能对整合酶有一定的抑制作用。以 上结果还说明,虽然两个化合物具有类似的结构,但它们可能是通过完全不同的 机制来抑制HIV 的复制.