Análise da imunoexpressão de Oct- 4 e C44 em lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas

benign epithelial odontogenic lesions are great clinical importance entities that develop in the jaws from the tissues that form teeth. It has been shown that in benign and malignant tumors, are present in a large number of tumor stem cells, which has great implications in the development of these lesions. Oct-4 and CD44 have been demos as important markers for tumoral stem cells. The objective of this study was to identify epithelial cells expressing stem cell markers by immunohistochemical expression of Oct-4 and CD44 in a series of cases of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. The sample was comprised of 20 cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), 20 cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma and 20 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). The expression of Oct-4 and CD44 was evaluated in epithelial lesions using the percentage of positive cells (PP) and the intensity of expression (IE), being realized the sum of these scores, resulting in Total Immunostaining Score (TIS) ranging 0 to 7. The results were submitted to the appropriate statistical test (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient). All cases were positive for both markers and most showed high expression of both markers. The analysis of Oct-4 expression revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.406) among the studied lesions. Regarding the CD44 expression, there was a statistically significant difference between the cases of ameloblastoma and TOA in relation to the CCO, with the latter show more cases in the score 7 (p = 0.034). In the correlation analysis of the immunoreactivity of both markers in the three lesions studied, there was no statistically significant correlation. The results of this study identified the presence of cells with stemness characteristics arranged at various sites in the epithelial component of the studied lesions suggesting their possible role in the histogenesis and differentiation in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions, thus contributing to the development of these lesions.

Análise da imunoexpressão de Oct- 4 e C44 em lesões odontogênicas epiteliais benignas

benign epithelial odontogenic lesions are great clinical importance entities that develop in the jaws from the tissues that form teeth. It has been shown that in benign and malignant tumors, are present in a large number of tumor stem cells, which has great implications in the development of these lesions. Oct-4 and CD44 have been demos as important markers for tumoral stem cells. The objective of this study was to identify epithelial cells expressing stem cell markers by immunohistochemical expression of Oct-4 and CD44 in a series of cases of benign epithelial odontogenic lesions. The sample was comprised of 20 cases of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), 20 cases of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma and 20 cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). The expression of Oct-4 and CD44 was evaluated in epithelial lesions using the percentage of positive cells (PP) and the intensity of expression (IE), being realized the sum of these scores, resulting in Total Immunostaining Score (TIS) ranging 0 to 7. The results were submitted to the appropriate statistical test (nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation coefficient). All cases were positive for both markers and most showed high expression of both markers. The analysis of Oct-4 expression revealed no statistically significant differences (p = 0.406) among the studied lesions. Regarding the CD44 expression, there was a statistically significant difference between the cases of ameloblastoma and TOA in relation to the CCO, with the latter show more cases in the score 7 (p = 0.034). In the correlation analysis of the immunoreactivity of both markers in the three lesions studied, there was no statistically significant correlation. The results of this study identified the presence of cells with stemness characteristics arranged at various sites in the epithelial component of the studied lesions suggesting their possible role in the histogenesis and differentiation in benign epithelial odontogenic lesions, thus contributing to the development of these lesions.

Análise da imunoexpressão de OCT4 e CD44 em neoplasias de glândulas salivares menores e maiores

Salivary gland neoplasms exhibit a wide variety of biological behavior and a high morphological diversity raises the interest in researching these lesions. The stem cells are the main source for the generation and maintenance of cell diversity, disorders in the regulation of these cells can lead to the production of altered stem cells, termed cancer stem cells capable of generate the tumor. Researches on cancer stem cells and associated proteins have been developed in some oral cancers; however, their role in salivary gland neoplasms is not well established. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the tumor parenchyma cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics, by evaluating the immunoreactivity of OCT4 and CD44, in a number of cases of salivary gland neoplasms. The sample consisted of 20 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma located in minor and major salivary glands. The expression of OCT4 and CD44 was evaluated by the percentage of positive cells (PP) and the intensity of expression (IE), it is realized the sum of the scores, resulting in the total score immunostaining (PIT) ranging 0-7. All studied cases showed positive expression of OCT4 and CD44 and higher values than the control groups. It was observed that for OCT4 luminal cells and non-luminal were immunostained in the case of pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Already the immunoreactivity of CD44 was particularly evident in the non-luminal cells of these lesions. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas for both markers, there was immunoreactivity in squamous and intermediate cells and absence of staining mucous cells. For both markers, a statistically significant higher immunostaining was verified in neoplasms located in the major salivary glands compared with lesions in the minor salivary (p<0.001). At the total sample and in the group of minor salivary glands, malignant neoplasms exhibited higher immunoreactivity for OCT4 than pleomorphic adenoma. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the lesions and between their classifications histomorphologic. Analyzing the correlation between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpressions, a statistically significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.444) was observed. The high expression of OCT4 and CD44 may indicate that these proteins play an important role in identifying cancer stem cells, allowing a prediction of biological behavior of salivary gland neoplasms.

Influence of substrates composition on immunomodulation by MSCs

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic multipotent stem cells capable to self-renew and differentiate along different cell lineages. MSCs can be found in adult tissues and extra embryonic tissues like the umbilical cord matrix/Wharton’s Jelly (WJ). The latter constitute a good source of MSCs, being more naïve and having a higher proliferative potential than MSCs from adult tissues like the bone marrow, turning them more appealing for clinical use. It is clear that MSCs modulate both innate and adaptive immune responses and its immunodulatory effects are wide, extending to T cells and dendritic cells, being therapeutically useful for treatment of immune system disorders. Mechanotransduction is by definition the mechanism by which cells transform mechanical signals translating that information into biochemical and morphological changes. Here, we hypothesize that by culturing WJ-MSCs on distinct substrates with different stiffness and biochemical composition, may influence the immunomodulatory capacity of the cells. Here, we showed that WJ-MSCs cultured on distinct PDMS substrates presented different secretory profiles from cells cultured on regular tissue culture polystyrene plates (TCP), showing higher secretion of several cytokines analysed. Moreover, it was also shown that WJ-MSCs cultured on PDMS substrates seems to possess higher immunomodulatory capabilities and to differentially regulate the functional compartments of T cells when compared to MSCs maintained on TCP. Taken together, our results suggest that elements of mechanotransduction seem to be influencing the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs, as well as their secretory profile. Thus, future strategies will be further explored to better understand these observation and to envisage new in vitro culture conditions for MSCs aiming at distinct therapeutic approaches, namely for immune-mediated disorders.

Establishment of a protocol for the cryopreservation of cell sheets of adipose tissue stem cells

Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Production of bovine embryos and calves cloned by nuclear transfer using mesenchymal stem cells from amniotic fluid and adipose tissue.

2016

O transplante em conjunto de células mioblásticas esqueléticas e mesenquimais (cocultivadas) na disfunção ventricular pós-infarto do miocárdio

OBJETIVO: A terapia celular no miocárdio tem sido realizada fundamentalmente com dois tipos celulares: as células mioblásticas esqueléticas (miogênicas) e as mesenquimais (angiogênicas) com resultados satisfatórios. Foi analisado o resultado do transplante em conjunto destas células (CEM) em ratos infartados. MÉTODOS: Foram induzidos ao infarto do miocárdio, por meio de ligadura da coronária esquerda 26 ratos Wistar. Após uma semana, os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia para avaliação da fração de ejeção (FE,%) e dos volumes diastólico e sistólico finais do ventrículo esquerdo (VDF, VSF,ml). Após dois dias os animais foram reoperados e divididos em dois grupos: 1) controle (n=10) que recebeu 0,15 ml de meio de cultura e 2) CEM (n=16) que recebeu 7.5x106 células mioblásticas esqueléticas e mesenquimais, heterólogas, na região do infarto. As células foram obtidas a partir da punção da crista ilíaca e da biópsia do músculo esquelético, ambas submetidas à cultura celular in vitro. Após um mês, os animais foram submetidos a nova ecocardiografia. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quanto a FE, VDF e VSF nos valores ecocardiográficos de base. Um mês após o transplante, foram observados diminuição da FE no grupo controle (29.31 ± 5.6% para 23.54 ± 6.51% p=0.048) e acréscimo da FE no grupo CEM (24.03 ± 8.68% para 31.77 ± 9.06%, p=0.011). Identificou-se a presença de neovasos e fibras musculares, nas regiões de fibrose miocárdica no grupo CEM. CONCLUSÃO: O cocultivo das células mioblásticas esqueléticas e das células mesenquimais é funcionalmente efetivo.

Adesão de células mesenquimais da medula óssea de camundongos e do ligamento periodontal de ratos a diferentes superfícies de titânio: estudo comparativo in vitro

The present experiment used cell culture to analyze the adhesion capacity of mouse mesenchymal bone marrow cells and rat periodontal ligament to different titanium surfaces. Grade II ASTM F86 titanium discs 15mm in diameter and 1.5mm thick were used and received 2 distinct surface treatments (polished and cathodic cage plasma nitriding). The cells were isolated from the mouse bone marrow and rat periodontal ligament and cultured in α-MEM basic culture medium containing antibiotics and supplemented with 10% FBS and 5% CO2, for 72 hours at 37ºC in a humidified atmosphere. Subculture cells were cultured in a 24-well plate with a density of 1 x 104 cells per well. The titanium discs were distributed in accordance with the groups, including positive controls without titanium discs. After a 24-hour culture, the cells were counted in a Neubauer chamber. The results show that both the mouse mesenchymal bone marrow cells and rat periodontal ligament cells had better adhesion to the control surface. The number of bone marrow cells adhered to the polished Ti surface was not statistically significant when compared to the same type of cell adhered to the Ti surface treated by cathodic cage plasma nitriding. However a significant difference was found between the control and polished Ti groups. In relation to periodontal ligament cell adhesion, a significant difference was only found between the control and plasma-treated Ti surfaces. When comparing equal surfaces with different cells, no statistically significant difference was observed. We can therefore conclude that titanium is a good material for mesenchymal cell adhesion and that different material surface treatments can influence this process

A influência da criopreservação nas células mesenquimais indiferenciadas do ligamento periodontal de humanos análise comparativa in vitro

Cryopreservation is a process where cells or biological tissues are preserved by freezing at very low temperatures and aims to cease reversibly, in a controlled manner, all the biological functions of living tissues, i.e., maintain cell preservation so that it can recover with high degree of viability and functional integrity. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of cryopreservation on the mesenchymal stem cells originating from the periodontal ligament of human third molars by in vitro experiments. Six healthy teeth were removed and the periodontal cells grown in culture medium containing α-MEM supplemented with antibiotics and 15% FBS in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 at 37° C. Cells isolated from each sample were divided into two groups: Group I - immediate cell culture (not fresh cryopreserved cells) and Group II - cell cryopreservation, during a period of 30 days. Analyses of rates of cell adhesion and proliferation in different groups were performed by counting the cells adhered to the wells, in intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hours after the start of cultivation. The number of cells in each well was obtained by counting viable cells with the use of hemocytometer and the method of exclusion of cells stained by trypan blue. The difference between groups for each of the times was analyzed by Wilcoxon test. Regarding the temporal evolution for each group, analysis was done by Friedman's test to verify the existence of differences between times and, when it existed, the Wilcoxon penalty was applied. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups analyzed in this study. Therefore, we conclude that the cryopreservation process, after a period of 30 days, did not influence the cell type studied, and there was no difference in growth capacity in vitro between the groups

Uso de células mononucleares da medula óssea no tratamento de tendinites induzidas experimentalmente em equinos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Diferenciação osteogênica de células mesenquimais do cordão umbilical canino

Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal - FMVA

Epidemiologia, sinais clínicos e distribuição das lesões encefálicas em bovinos afetados por meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino-5

São descritos sete surtos e um caso isolado de meningoencefalite por herpesvírus bovino-5 (BoHV-5) em bovinos no Rio Grande do Sul entre 2002 e 2004. Foram afetados bovinos de 1-18 meses, de diversas raças e ambos os sexos. A maior freqüência foi observada em bovinos recém-desmamados e submetidos a outros fatores de estresse. Nesses surtos, de uma população total sob risco de 1.359 bovinos, 54 foram afetados, quatro se recuperaram e 50 morreram espontaneamente ou foram submetidos à eutanásia quando moribundos. Os índices gerais de morbidade, mortalidade e letalidade foram, respectivamente, de 3,97%, 3,67% e 92,59%. A evolução clínica variou de 3-10 dias e os sinais eram caracterizados por depressão, corrimento nasal ou ocular, ranger de dentes, andar em círculos, cegueira, febre, nistagmo, tremores, anorexia, disfagia, sialorréia, incoordenação, pressão da cabeça contra objetos, pêlos arrepiados, taquicardia, taquipnéia, dor abdominal, melena, quedas, decúbito, opistótono, convulsões e movimentos de pedalagem. Dezenove bezerros foram necropsiados. Achados de necropsia foram caracterizados por hiperemia das leptomeninges, tumefação das porções rostrais do telencéfalo, com achatamento das circunvoluções dos lobos frontais; nessas áreas havia focos marrom-amarelados e amolecidos (malacia). Nos casos de evolução clínica mais longa era observada acentuada tumefação, amolecimento e extensas áreas de hemorragia nos lobos frontais telencefálicos. Microscopicamente, todos os bovinos afetados apresentaram meningoencefalite não-supurativa e necrosante, que variou quanto à localização e intensidade nos 19 casos examinados e nas seções de encéfalo de um mesmo caso. A intensidade dessas lesões foi mais acentuada, em ordem decrescente, no córtex telencefálico frontal, nos núcleos da base, tálamo, tronco encefálico, córtex parietal, córtex occipital e cerebelo. O infiltrado inflamatório perivascular era constituído predominantemente por linfócitos e plasmócitos e, menos freqüentemente, neutrófilos. Outros achados incluíam variados graus de gliose, edema, necrose neuronal no córtex telencefálico, caracterizada por encarquilhamento e eosinofilia do citoplasma e picnose nuclear (neurônio vermelho), corpúsculos de inclusão basofílicos intranucleares em astrócitos e neurônios (21,05% dos casos), satelitose e neuronofagia. As áreas de amolecimento do parênquima eram caracterizadas por necrose do componente neuroectodérmico e manutenção das estruturas mesenquimais (vasos e micróglia), com infiltrado de células Gitter e, em casos mais graves, áreas de hemorragia. Nos casos crônicos apenas estruturas vasculares e poucas células Gitter permaneciam, formando uma cavidade entre a substância branca e as leptomeninges (lesão residual).

Caracterização histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica de neoplasmas mesenquimais da genitália em 43 cadelas

Os arquivos de biópsia do período de 2000 a 2010 do SPV-UFRGS foram revisados e levantados os casos de neoplasias mesenquimais de genitália (útero, cérvix, vagina e vulva) de cadelas. Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo de 43 casos, incluindo caracterização histológica, coloração tricrômico de Masson (TM) e imuno-histoquímica (IHQ). As principais raças acometidas foram Cocker, Poodle e Pastor Alemão, porém o maior número de casos foi observado em cães sem raça definida (SRD). A idade média dessas cadelas foi de 10,6 anos (variação de 3 a 10 anos). Quanto à localização dos tumores, 44,2% estavam na vagina, 27,9% no útero, 23,3% na vulva e 4,6% na cérvix. Histologicamente, 46,5% eram leiomioma, 41,9% fibroleiomioma, 7,0% fibroma e 4,6% leiomiossarcoma. Na coloração de TM, os fibromas apresentaram todas as células neoplásicas coradas em azul (colágeno), os leiomiomas e os leiomiossarcomas apresentaram menos de 50% de colágeno em meio às células neoplásicas musculares e os fibroleiomiomas mais de 50%. Na IHQ, os fibromas apresentaram marcação positiva para vimentina e negativa para desmina. Todos os leiomiomas eram positivos para vimentina (em mais de 50% células) e para desmina (75% dos casos em mais de 50% das células e 25% em menos de 50%). Em um dos casos de leiomiossarcoma houve imunomarcação para vimentina e ausente para desmina e, no outro, ocorreu o oposto. Os fibroleiomiomas apresentaram marcação para vimentina em 94,4% (em mais de 50% células) e para desmina em 77,8% (64,3% em menos de 50% das células e 35,7% em mais de 50%).