Qualidade pós-colheita de diferentes híbridos de melão-amarelo armazenados sob refrigeração

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a vida útil de cinco híbridos de melão cv. amarelo (AF-7100, AF-1498, AF-5107, AF-4945 e AF-1805) produzidos no Agropolo Assu-Mossoró-RN. Após atingido o estádio de maturação, os frutos foram colhidos e conduzidos ao Laboratório de Pós-Colheita da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido (UFERSA), onde se retiraram ao acaso 12 frutos de cada híbrido para caracterização no tempo zero. Em seguida, os demais frutos foram pesados, identificados e armazenados em câmara refrigerada regulada a 10±1ºC e 90±2% UR, onde permaneceram por 7; 14; 21; 28; 35; 42; 49; 56; 63 e 70 dias. Em cada intervalo de tempo, avaliaram-se nos frutos: perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, aparência externa e interna, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares redutores e açúcares solúveis totais. o delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Na parcela, está o fator híbridos e, na subparcela, os tempos de armazenamento. Foram utilizadas três repetições, sendo a parcela constituída por três frutos. Houve interação significativa entre híbrido e período de armazenamento para a firmeza de polpa dos frutos. Para as demais características avaliadas, foi observado o efeito dos fatores principais. Durante operíodo de conservação,ohíbridoAF-7100 apresentou maior firmeza dos frutos, seguida da cultivar AF-5107. Houve aumento na perda de massa durante o armazenamento e não se observaram danos nas aparências externas e internas até 42 e 28 dias de armazenamento, respectivamente.

Características químicas e físico-químicas de pequis da Chapada do Araripe, Ceará

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do pequi. Para isso, frutos maduros colhidos de trinta e cinco pequizeiros (Cariocar coriaceum Wittm.) nativos, provenientes da Chapada do Araripe, Estado do Ceará, foram avaliados quanto as suas características químicas e físico-químicas. Na polpa do fruto, foram determinados pH, acidez total titulável (ATT), sólidos solúveis (°Brix), açúcares solúveis totais (AST), relação °Brix/acidez, atividade de água, proteína, carboidratos totais e valor energético total; na polpa e amêndoa, umidade, lipídios, cinzas e minerais (Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na e Zn). As plantas apresentaram grande variabilidade para a maioria das características avaliadas. As maiores variabilidades foram observadas para a acidez, açúcares totais e proteína. Em relação aos minerais, a maior variabilidade foi observada para o cobre na polpa e sódio na amêndoa. A menor variabilidade foi detectada para a atividade de água, pH e umidade da polpa, em ordem crescente. Seis plantas destacaram- se por apresentarem percentagem de lipídios (polpa e amêndoa) superiores à média deste estudo. A composição em minerais variou entre as amostras (onze plantas), destacando-se, em termos quantitativos, o potássio na polpa e o fósforo na amêndoa. A amêndoa é mais rica em minerais do que a polpa. A polpa do pequi, face às características de baixa acidez, alto pH e alta atividade de água, apresenta-se propícia ao desenvolvimento de microrganismos patogênicos e à deterioração. Além disso, a presença de nutrientes, temperatura e a disponibilidade de oxigênio são fatores importantes que devem ser considerados durante o processamento e armazenamento por favorecerem a oxidação dos lipídios. Os resultados demonstram a importância nutricional do pequi, principalmente de sua amêndoa, pelo elevado teor de lipídios e minerais.

Automatic Segmentation of the Eye in 3D Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Novel Statistical Shape Model for Treatment Planning of Retinoblastoma.

PURPOSE: Proper delineation of ocular anatomy in 3-dimensional (3D) imaging is a big challenge, particularly when developing treatment plans for ocular diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presently used in clinical practice for diagnosis confirmation and treatment planning for treatment of retinoblastoma in infants, where it serves as a source of information, complementary to the fundus or ultrasonographic imaging. Here we present a framework to fully automatically segment the eye anatomy for MRI based on 3D active shape models (ASM), and we validate the results and present a proof of concept to automatically segment pathological eyes. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Manual and automatic segmentation were performed in 24 images of healthy children's eyes (3.29 ± 2.15 years of age). Imaging was performed using a 3-T MRI scanner. The ASM consists of the lens, the vitreous humor, the sclera, and the cornea. The model was fitted by first automatically detecting the position of the eye center, the lens, and the optic nerve, and then aligning the model and fitting it to the patient. We validated our segmentation method by using a leave-one-out cross-validation. The segmentation results were evaluated by measuring the overlap, using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the mean distance error. RESULTS: We obtained a DSC of 94.90 ± 2.12% for the sclera and the cornea, 94.72 ± 1.89% for the vitreous humor, and 85.16 ± 4.91% for the lens. The mean distance error was 0.26 ± 0.09 mm. The entire process took 14 seconds on average per eye. CONCLUSION: We provide a reliable and accurate tool that enables clinicians to automatically segment the sclera, the cornea, the vitreous humor, and the lens, using MRI. We additionally present a proof of concept for fully automatically segmenting eye pathology. This tool reduces the time needed for eye shape delineation and thus can help clinicians when planning eye treatment and confirming the extent of the tumor.

Topical azithromycin or ofloxacin for endophthalmitis prophylaxis after intravitreal injection.

Background: The number of patients who have undergone intravitreal injections has increased enormously in recent years, but a consensus is still lacking on prophylaxis for endophthalmitis. The aim of this prospective, observational study was to evaluate the prophylactic effect of azithromycin eye drops versus ofloxacin eye drops. Methods: The study was conducted in five hospitals in Spain and included all patients under going intravitreal injections of triamcinolone, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, or pegaptanib over one year. Patients received azithromycin 15 mg/g eye drops (twice daily on the day prior to injection and for another 2 days) or ofloxacin 3 mg/g eye drops (every 6 hours on the day prior to injection and for another 7 days). Results: In the azithromycin group, there were 4045 injections in 972 eyes of 701 patients. In the ofloxacin group, there were 4151 injections in 944 eyes of 682 patients. There were two cases of endophthalmitis (0.049%) in the azithromycin group and five (0.12%) in the ofloxacin group. The odds ratio of presenting with endophthalmitis in the ofloxacin group compared with the azithromycin group was 2.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32-3.72, P ,0.001). There were two cases of noninfectious uveitis after triamcinolone injection in the azithromycin group (0.049%) and two (0.048%) in the ofloxacin group; no significant differences were observed (odds ratio 0.902, 95% CI 0.622-1.407, P= 0.407). Conjunctival hyperemia was observed in 12 cases in the azithromycin group and none in the ofloxacin group. Conclusion: The risk of endophthalmitis was significantly greater with ofloxacin than with azithromycin. These findings provide a valuable addition to the ever-increasing pool of infor - mation on endophthalmitis prophylaxis after intravitreal injection, although further large-scale studies are required to provide definitive conclusions.

Human Capital Questionnaire (PHCQ): Assessment of European nurses' perception as indicators of human capital quality

Healthcare accreditation models generally include indicators related to healthcare employees' perceptions (e.g. satisfaction, career development, and health safety). During the accreditation process, organizations are asked to demonstrate the methods with which assessments are made. However, none of the models provide standardized systems for the assessment of employees. In this study, we analyzed the psychometric properties of an instrument for the assessment of nurses' perceptions as indicators of human capital quality in healthcare organizations. The Human Capital Questionnaire was applied to a sample of 902 nurses in four European countries (Spain, Portugal, Poland, and the UK). Exploratory factor analysis identified six factors: satisfaction with leadership, identification and commitment, satisfaction with participation, staff well-being, career development opportunities, and motivation. The results showed the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, which when applied to healthcare organizations, provide a better understanding of nurses' perceptions, and is a parsimonious instrument for assessment and organizational accreditation. From a practical point of view, improving the quality of human capital, by analyzing nurses and other healthcare employees' perceptions, is related to workforce empowerment.

Monoidal functors, acyclic models and chain operads

We prove that for a topological operad $P$ the operad of oriented cubical singular chains, $C^{\ord}_\ast(P)$, and the operad of simplicial singular chains, $S_\ast(P)$, are weakly equivalent. As a consequence, $C^{\ord}_\ast(P\nsemi\mathbb{Q})$ is formal if and only if $S_\ast(P\nsemi\mathbb{Q})$ is formal, thus linking together some formality results which are spread out in the literature. The proof is based on an acyclic models theorem for monoidal functors. We give different variants of the acyclic models theorem and apply the contravariant case to study the cohomology theories for simplicial sets defined by $R$-simplicial differential graded algebras.

Hépatite C: traitement actuel [Hepatitis C: current therapy].

Le traitement de l'hépatite C chronique a été révolutionné par l'introduction de nouveaux antiviraux (directly acting antivirals [DAA]). Ces inhibiteurs de protéase, de la protéine NS5A et de la polymérase peuvent être associés dans des traitements oraux hautement efficaces et bien tolérés sans interféron. Dans cet article, nous fournissons un aperçu du traitement actuel de l'hépatite C chronique avec considération particulière des DAA actuellement autorisés en Suisse. Treatment of chronic hepatitis C is currently being revolutionised, with the introduction of directly acting antivirals (DAA), including protease, NS5A and polymerase inhibitors. These can be combined in interferon-free oral therapies with unprecedented efficacy and good tolerance. Here, we review the current therapy of chronic hepatitis C, with a particular focus on DAA that are approved in Switzerland today.

Preparation of a blood culture pellet for rapid bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Bloodstream infections and sepsis are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The successful outcome of patients suffering from bacteremia depends on a rapid identification of the infectious agent to guide optimal antibiotic treatment. The analysis of Gram stains from positive blood culture can be rapidly conducted and already significantly impact the antibiotic regimen. However, the accurate identification of the infectious agent is still required to establish the optimal targeted treatment. We present here a simple and fast bacterial pellet preparation from a positive blood culture that can be used as a sample for several essential downstream applications such as identification by MALDI-TOF MS, antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by disc diffusion assay or automated AST systems and by automated PCR-based diagnostic testing. The performance of these different identification and AST systems applied directly on the blood culture bacterial pellets is very similar to the performance normally obtained from isolated colonies grown on agar plates. Compared to conventional approaches, the rapid acquisition of a bacterial pellet significantly reduces the time to report both identification and AST. Thus, following blood culture positivity, identification by MALDI-TOF can be reported within less than 1 hr whereas results of AST by automated AST systems or disc diffusion assays within 8 to 18 hr, respectively. Similarly, the results of a rapid PCR-based assay can be communicated to the clinicians less than 2 hr following the report of a bacteremia. Together, these results demonstrate that the rapid preparation of a blood culture bacterial pellet has a significant impact on the identification and AST turnaround time and thus on the successful outcome of patients suffering from bloodstream infections.

Montagem de um sistema para medidas galvanostáticas simultâneas em mais de uma célula

The present work deals with the design and construction of an equipment for muti-cell accelerated stability test measurements (AST) of dimensionally stable anodes (DSA). The equipment was built using only components that were available in the laboratory. Measurements of three electrochemical cells can be performed using the developed software. The acquisition time interval and the cut-off potencial can be set by the user. Experimental data for RuO2 electrodes obtained with the built equipment are in agreement with the literature.

Obadiae vaticinium suethice versum notisque explicatum

Arkit: 1 arkintunnukseton lehti, C3-C4 D4.

[Nimetön]

Soitinnus: viulu, piano.

Reação de genótipos de cacaueiros a isolados de Ceratocystis cacaofunesta

Foi avaliada a reação de 17 genótipos de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao) à murcha-de-Ceratocystis causada por Ceratocystis cacaofunesta, utilizando três isolados mais virulentos entre os cinco testados. Em condições de casa-de-vegetação, uma suspensão de 3,0x10(4) UFC/mL de cada isolado do patógeno foi inoculada em mudas com seis meses de idade. O ensaio foi realizado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 17 tratamentos, três repetições e cinco mudas por parcela. A avaliação foi realizada aos 60 dias após a inoculação, pela contagem de mudas vivas. Os dados foram analisados usando pacote estatístico SAS e os contrastes das médias dos tratamentos foram obtidos pelo teste de Dunnett ao nível de 5% de significância, utilizando a cultivar Theobahia como testemunha. Dos genótipos analisados, o VB 1159 apresentou alta resistência ao patógeno. Os genótipos MUC 43, FL 78, VB 681, FC 101, VB 184, LP 06, ICS 1, VB 902, FA 13, NO 34, PS 5784 e Theobahia apresentaram resistência intermediária, enquanto que CA 1.4, VB 206, LCT 37 A e SJ 02 foram mais suscetíveis. A nova fonte de resistência à murcha-de-ceratocystis identificada neste trabalho pode ser utilizada em programa de melhoramento do cacaueiroe como porta-enxerto pelos produtores de cacau.

The effect of the birth hospital and the time of birth on the outcome of Finnish very preterm infants

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the birth hospital and the time of birth on mortality and the long-term outcome of Finnish very low birth weight (VLBW) or very low gestational age (VLGA) infants. This study included all Finnish VLBW/VLGA infants born at <32 gestational weeks or with a birth weight of ≤1500g, and controls born full-term and healthy. In the first part of the study, the mortality of VLBW/VLGA infants born in 2000–2003 was studied. The second part of the study consisted of a five-year follow-up of VLBW/VLGA infants born in 2001–2002. The study was performed using data from parental questionnaires and several registers. The one-year mortality rate was 11% for live-born VLBW/VLGA infants, 22% for live-born and stillborn VLBW/VLGA infants, and 0% for the controls. In live-born and in all (including stillbirths) VLBW/VLGA infants, the adjusted mortality was lower among those born in level III hospitals compared with level II hospitals. Mortality rates of live-born VLBW/VLGA infants differed according to the university hospital district where the birth hospital was located, but there were no differences in mortality between the districts when stillborn infants were included. There was a trend towards lower mortality rates in VLBW/VLGA infants born during office hours compared with those born outside office hours (night time, weekends, and public holidays). When stillborn infants were included, this difference according to the time of birth was significant. Among five-year-old VLBW/VLGA children, morbidity, use of health care resources, and problems in behaviour and development were more common in comparison with the controls. The health-related quality of life of the surviving VLBW/VLGA children was good but, statistically, it was significantly lower than among the controls. The median and the mean number of quality-adjusted life-years were 4.6 and 3.6 out of a maximum five years for all VLBW/VLGA children. For the controls, the median was 4.8 and the mean was 4.9. Morbidity rates, the use of health care resources, and the mean quality-adjusted life-years differed for VLBW/VLGA children according to the university hospital district of birth. However, the time of birth, the birth hospital level or university hospital district were not associated with the health-related quality of life, nor with behavioural and developmental scores of the survivors at the age of five years. In conclusion, the decreased mortality in level III hospitals was not gained at the expense of long-term problems. The results indicate that VLBW/VLGA deliveries should be centralized to level III hospitals and the regional differences in the treatment practices should further be clarified. A long-term follow-up on the outcome of VLBW/VLGA infants is important in order to recognize the critical periods of care and to optimise the care. In the future, quality-adjusted life-years can be used as a uniform measure for comparing the effectiveness of care between VLBW/VLGA infants and different patient groups

L'Univers

1869/10/20 (Numéro 902).

Alterações funcionais do fígado após derivação porto-cava e hepatectomia parcial: Estudo experimental em cães

OBJETIVO: Estudar os efeitos da derivação porto-cava sobre a função hepática de cães. MÉTODO: Vinte animais foram divididos em dois grupos: o Grupo I foi submetido à hepatectomia parcial de 28,7% e o Grupo II, à hepatectomia parcial associada à derivação porto-cava. Os parâmetros analisados foram: consumo de anestésico durante o ato cirúrgico, dosagem de amônia pré e pós-operatória (15° e 30° dia), AST, bilirrubina total e frações, proteínas totais, albumina e teste de retenção da bromosulfaleína (pré-operatório e 30° dia do pós-operatório) RESULTADOS: O consumo de anestésico foi significativamente menor no Grupo II. No Grupo I, apenas a AST estava elevada no pós-operatório quando comparada aos valores pré-operatórios. Já no Grupo II, a amonemia estava elevada no 15° e no 30° dia do pós-operatório em relação ao pré-operatório e aos mesmos períodos do Grupo I. Todos os outros parâmetros analisados apresentaram-se elevados quando comparados com os valores anteriores à cirurgia e aos do Grupo I, com exceção das proteínas totais e da albumina, que estavam significativamente reduzidas. CONCLUSÕES: A derivação porto-cava causa comprometimento importante da função hepática, traduzido por elevação da amônia sanguínea e alteração nas provas funcionais do fígado.