Archiv für klinische Chirurgie.

Publication suspended 1944-Dec. 1947.

The Harvard theological review.

Latest issue consulted: 100:4 (Oct. 2007).

Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie.

Published: Tübingen, 1952-1964.

Stem and Branch Diameter Response in Pruned Douglas-fir Plantations (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii): Implications for Volume and Clear Wood Production in the U.S. Pacific Northwest

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Do the Genetic or Environmental Determinants of Anxiety and Depression Change with Age? A Longitudinal Study of Australian Twins

Because the determinants of anxiety and depression in late adolescence and early adulthood may differ from those in later life, we investigated the temporal stability and magnitude of genetic and environmental correlates of symptoms of anxiety and depression across the life span. Data were collected from a population-based Australian sample of 4364 complete twin pairs and 777 singletons aged 20 to 96 years who were followed-up over three studies between 1980 and 1996. Each study contained the 14-item self-report DSSI/sAD scale which was used to measure recently experienced symptoms of anxiety and depression. Symptom scores were then divided and assigned to age intervals according to each subject's age at time of participation. We fitted genetic simplex models to take into account the longitudinal nature of the data. For male anxiety and depression, the best fitting simplex models comprised a single genetic innovation at age 20 which was transmitted, and explained genetic variation in anxiety and depression at ages 30, 40, 50 and 60. Most of the lifetime genetic variation in female anxiety and depression could also be explained by innovations at age 20 which were transmitted to all other ages; however, there were also smaller age-dependent genetic innovations at 30 for anxiety and at 40 and 70 for depression. Although the genetic determinants of anxiety and depression appear relatively stable across the life-span for males and females, there is some evidence to support additional mid-life and late age gene action in females for depression. The fact that mid-life onset for anxiety occurs one decade before depression is also consistent with a causal relationship (anxiety leading to depression) between these conditions. These findings have significance for large scale depression prevention projects.

A profissão de pastor presbiteriano na cidade de São Paulo

A pesquisa realizada entre pastores pertencentes à Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil (IPB) na cidade de São Paulo mostra que o pastor presbiteriano perdeu o privilegiado status de que gozava até o final da primeira metade do século XX. Longe se vão os dias em que o pastor era um profissional cuja ocupação era respeitada e valorizada e a carreira pastoral era vista como um caminho seguro para a ascensão social de muitos jovens, especialmente os oriundos de cidades pequenas e do mundo rural. Principalmente após os anos 50, mudanças de várias ordens ocorreram, alterando a antiga situação. O processo de secula rização e a conseqüente desvalorização das instituições religiosas tradicionais afetaram diretamente o pastor presbiteriano. Desde então, ganhou força a indagação: Para que serve o pastor? Por sua vez, o campo religioso brasileiro, particularmente nos últimos 25 anos do século XX, assistiu à irrupção de novos movimentos religiosos, aumentando então a competitividade. Surgiram, por exemplo, movimentos e igrejas neopentecostais lideradas por um novo tipo de pastor, que age conforme outros scripts, assumindo papéis mais adequados às regras de uma sociedade midiática. Nesse novo contexto, o pastor presbiteriano reagiu com perplexidade e foi buscar formas de recuperar o prestígio perdido. Um dos caminhos encontrados foi a profissionalização do papel de pastor, que assim se tornou um especialista em assistência social, ensino ou aconselhamento, estratégia aliás bastante valorizada na sociedade contemporânea. Entretanto, teológica e ideologicamente, esse especialista religioso continua se legitimando como um pastor ortodoxo e conservador, já que esse é o papel a ele atribuído na organização religiosa à qual pertence, a condição sine qua non para que ele siga desenvolvendo a sua carreira como pastor da IPB.

Bioactive organic/inorganic hybrids with improved mechanical performance

New sol-gel functionalized poly-ethylene glycol (PEGM)/SiO2-CaO hybrids were prepared with interpenetrating networks of silica and PEGM through the formation of Si-O-Si bonds. Bioactive and mechanical properties were investigated for a series of hybrids containing varying organic/inorganic ratios and PEG molecular weights. In contrast to the unmodified PEG/SiO2-CaO hybrids, which rapidly dissolved and crumbled, the epoxy modified hybrids exhibited good mechanical properties and bioactivity. The compressive strength and Young's modulus were greater for higher molecular weight PEGM hybrids (PEGM600 compared to PEGM300). Compressive strengths of 138 MPa and 81 MPa were found for the 50: 50 and 60: 40 organic/inorganic hybrid samples respectively, which are comparable with cortical bone. Young's modulus values of ∼800 MPa were obtained for the 50 : 50 and 60 : 40 organic/inorganic hybrids. Bioactivity tests were conducted by immersing the hybrids into simulated body fluid and observing the formation of apatite. Apatite formation was observed within 24 hours of immersion. PEGM600 hybrids showed enhanced apatite formation compared to PEGM300 hybrids. Increased apatite formation was observed with increasing organic/inorganic ratio. 70 : 30 and 60 : 40 hybrids exhibited the greatest apatite formation. All PEGM hybrids samples had good cell viability and proliferation. The 60 : 40 PEGM600 hybrids displayed the optimal combination of bioactivity and mechanical strength. The bioactivity of these hybrids, combined with the enhanced mechanical properties, demonstrate that these materials have significant potential for bone regeneration applications.

Positron emission tomography (PET) tumor segmentation and quantification: Development of new algorithms

Tumor functional volume (FV) and its mean activity concentration (mAC) are the quantities derived from positron emission tomography (PET). These quantities are used for estimating radiation dose for a therapy, evaluating the progression of a disease and also use it as a prognostic indicator for predicting outcome. PET images have low resolution, high noise and affected by partial volume effect (PVE). Manually segmenting each tumor is very cumbersome and very hard to reproduce. To solve the above problem I developed an algorithm, called iterative deconvolution thresholding segmentation (IDTS) algorithm; the algorithm segment the tumor, measures the FV, correct for the PVE and calculates mAC. The algorithm corrects for the PVE without the need to estimate camera's point spread function (PSF); also does not require optimizing for a specific camera. My algorithm was tested in physical phantom studies, where hollow spheres (0.5-16 ml) were used to represent tumors with a homogeneous activity distribution. It was also tested on irregular shaped tumors with a heterogeneous activity profile which were acquired using physical and simulated phantom. The physical phantom studies were performed with different signal to background ratios (SBR) and with different acquisition times (1-5 min). The algorithm was applied on ten clinical data where the results were compared with manual segmentation and fixed percentage thresholding method called T50 and T60 in which 50% and 60% of the maximum intensity respectively is used as threshold. The average error in FV and mAC calculation was 30% and -35% for 0.5 ml tumor. The average error FV and mAC calculation were ~5% for 16 ml tumor. The overall FV error was ∼10% for heterogeneous tumors in physical and simulated phantom data. The FV and mAC error for clinical image compared to manual segmentation was around -17% and 15% respectively. In summary my algorithm has potential to be applied on data acquired from different cameras as its not dependent on knowing the camera's PSF. The algorithm can also improve dose estimation and treatment planning.^

(Table 1) Li, B and Sr isotopic composition and concentration in ODP Leg 209 samples

Spinel harzburgites from ODP Leg 209 (Sites 1272A, 1274A) drilled at the Mid-Atlantic ridge between 14°N and 16°N are highly serpentinized (50-100%), but still preserve relics of primary phases (olivine >= orthopyroxene >> clinopyroxene). We determined whole-rock B and Li isotope compositions in order to constrain the effect of serpentinization on d11B and d7Li. Our data indicate that during serpentinization Li is leached from the rock, while B is added. The samples from ODP Leg 209 show the heaviest d11B (+29.6 to +40.52 per mil) and lightest d7Li (-28.46 to +7.17 per mil) found so far in oceanic mantle. High 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708536 to 0.709130) indicate moderate water/rock ratios (3 to 273, on the average 39), in line with the high degree of serpentinization observed. Applying the known fractionation factors for 11B/10B and 7Li/6Li between seawater and silicates, serpentinized peridotite in equilibrium with seawater at conditions corresponding to those of the studied drill holes (pH: 8.2; temperature: 200 °C) should have d11B of +21.52 per mil and d7Li of +9.7 per mil. As the data from ODP Leg 209 are clearly not in line with this, we modelled a process of seawater-rock interaction where d11B and d7Li of seawater evolve during penetration into the oceanic plate. Assuming chemical equilibrium between fluid and a rock with d11B and d7Li of ODP Leg 209 samples, we obtain d11B and d7Li values of +50 to +60 per mil, -2 to +12 per mil, respectively, for the coexisting fluid. In the oceanic domain, no hydrothermal fluids with such high d11B have yet been found, but are predicted by theoretical calculations. Combining the calculated water/rock ratios with the d7Li and d11B evolution in the fluid, shows that modification of d7Li during serpentinization requires higher water/rock ratios than modification of d11B. Extremely heavy d11B in serpentinized oceanic mantle can potentially be transported into subduction zones, as the B budget of the oceanic plate is dominated by serpentinites. Extremely light d7Li is unlikely to survive as the Li budget is dominated by the oceanic crust, even at small fractions.

Influence des traits et troubles de personnalité sur l’intégration au travail de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave

Bien que le travail soit bénéfique et souhaité par une majorité de personnes aux prises avec un trouble mental grave (TMG), les études réalisées auprès de cette clientèle montrent des taux d’emploi d’environ 10 à 20%. Parmi les services visant le retour au travail, les programmes de soutien à l’emploi (PSE) se sont montrés les plus efficaces avec des taux de placement en emploi standard oscillant entre 50 et 60%, sans toutefois garantir le maintien en emploi. Plusieurs études ont tenté de cerner les déterminants de l’obtention et du maintien en emploi chez cette population sans toutefois s’intéresser à la personnalité, et ce, bien qu’elle soit reconnue depuis toujours comme un déterminant important du fonctionnement des individus. De plus, peu de questionnaires d’évaluation de la personnalité selon le modèle de la personnalité en cinq facteurs (FFM) ont été utilisés auprès d’une clientèle avec un TMG et ceux-ci ont montré des propriétés psychométriques ne respectant pas des normes reconnues et acceptées. Cette thèse porte sur les liens entre la personnalité et l’intégration au travail chez les personnes avec un TMG. La première partie vise la validation d’un outil de mesure de la personnalité selon le FFM afin de répondre aux objectifs de la deuxième partie de la thèse. À cet effet, deux échantillons ont été recrutés, soit 259 étudiants universitaires et 141 personnes avec un TMG. Des analyses factorielles confirmatoires ont mené au développement d’un nouveau questionnaire à 15 items (NEO-15) dont les indices d’ajustement, de cohérence interne et de validité convergente respectent les normes établies, ce qui en fait un questionnaire bien adapté à la mesure de la personnalité normale dans des contextes où le temps d’évaluation est limité. La deuxième partie présente les résultats d’une étude réalisée auprès de 82 personnes aux prises avec un TMG inscrites dans un PSE et visant à identifier les facteurs d’obtention et de maintien en emploi chez cette clientèle, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la contribution des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité. Les résultats de régressions logistiques et de régressions de Cox (analyses de survie) ont démontré que l’historique d’emploi, les symptômes négatifs et le niveau de pathologie de la personnalité étaient prédictifs de l’obtention d’un emploi standard et du délai avant l’obtention d’un tel emploi. Une autre série de régressions de Cox a pour sa part démontré que l’esprit consciencieux était le seul prédicteur significatif du maintien en emploi. Malgré certaines limites, particulièrement des tailles d’échantillons restreintes, ces résultats démontrent la pertinence et l’importance de tenir compte des éléments normaux et pathologiques de la personnalité dans le cadre d’études portant sur l’intégration au travail de personnes avec un TMG. De plus, cette thèse a permis de démontrer l’adéquation d’un nouvel instrument de mesure de la personnalité auprès de cette clientèle. Des avenues futures concernant la réintégration professionnelle et le traitement des personnes avec un TMG sont discutées à la lumière de ces résultats.

O Estado e o Associativismo Profissional e Sindical dos Assistentes Sociais em Portugal: trajetória e perspetivas atuais

Este estudo exploratório, de caráter descritivo, tem como objetivos compreender a relação do Estado com a organização profissional dos assistentes sociais nas diferentes conjunturas sócio-históricas da trajetória da profissão; conhecer o contributo do associativismo sindical e profissional para a organização dos assistentes sociais em Portugal; caraterizar as diversas formas de associativismo profissional e sindical dos profissionais de Serviço Social e compreender a importância da regulação profissional para a categoria. Na trajetória do Serviço Social no nosso país, identificámos várias estruturas associativas desde os anos 50 do século XX. Apesar dessa diversidade ao nível da organização profissional, nos últimos anos tem sido o projeto de constituição da ordem o que tem congregado os profissionais de Serviço Social, embora de forma fragmentada. Em Portugal não existe um estatuto jurídico de regulação da profissão de assistente social, sendo do interesse dos profissionais, utentes e sociedade que o mesmo seja efetivado. A criação de uma ordem profissional poderá vir a fortalecer o trabalho dos profissionais de Serviço Social, bem como proteger e regulamentar o exercício profissional e a formação académica. Com a erosão do Estado Social, as relações de trabalho tendem a ser desregulamentadas e flexibilizadas, subsistindo a precariedade e o desemprego. O enfrentamento a estas questões por parte do movimento associativo é ténue e a sua não articulação fragiliza a proteção dos profissionais, como indiciam a subsistente ausência da constituição da ordem profissional e a extinção do Sindicato Nacional de Profissionais de Serviço Social, apesar do ressurgimento do associativismo sindical durante o presente ano (2013). As condições atuais diferem das existentes aquando do processo de obtenção da licenciatura e estruturação e implementação das carreiras profissionais de Serviço Social que potenciaram e galvanizaram os assistentes sociais. A categoria profissional apresenta-se desmobilizada e com pouco poder reivindicativo, e as associações profissionais e sindicais vivem com constrangimentos financeiros, funcionando em regime de voluntariado, o que denota a insipiência da sua estrutura organizativa. A atual conjuntura justificaria uma maior convergência, debate e processos de resistência por parte das estruturas associativas face ao agravamento de políticas baseadas na austeridade, que têm reflexos no mercado de trabalho, formação e organização profissional. Parece justificar-se a existência de estratégias articuladas com maior clareza sobre o projeto para a categoria, apostando num debate que se faça com os seus diversos intervenientes. Desta forma, o associativismo poderá constituir uma alavanca que confira maior dinamismo às suas estruturas organizacionais, maior visibilidade e presença pública da categoria, mas também uma maior solidez das suas organizações, que não sendo corporativas ou elitistas, salientem o primado da ética do serviço sobre a ética do ganho. / This descriptive exploratory study aims to understand the relationship between the State and the professional organisation of the social workers in the different social-historical situations of the profession course; to know the contribute of the unions and professional membership drive to the organisation of the social workers in Portugal; to characterise the several ways of the social workers’ professional and union membership drive and to understand the importance of the professional regulation for the area. In the Social Service trajectory in our country, we have identified several associative structures since the 1950s. Despite this diversity concerning the professional organisation, the project of constituting the professional order has been responsible for the social workers’ congregation in the past years, although in a fragmented way. In Portugal, there is not a legal status of regulation of the social workers’ profession, and it is of the interest of the professionals, users and society that this may be brought about. The creation of a professional order may strengthen the activity of the social workers, as well as it may protect and regulate the profession exercise and the university education. With the Social State’s erosion, the work relationships tend to be deregulated and softened, persisting the job insecurity and the unemployment. The associative movement does not strongly face these issues, and its non-articulation weakens the professionals’ protection, as the permanent absence of the professional order creation and the extinction of the National Social Workers Union show, despite the reappearance of the union membership drive during the present year (2013). The current conditions are not equal to the ones existent in the process of obtaining the university degree and the structuring and implementing of professional careers in the Social Service area, which have strengthened and galvanised the social workers. The professional category is not mobilised and it has few claimable power; the professional and unions’ associations live with financial problems, functioning in a volunteering regime, which shows the insipience of its organisation structure. The current situation would justify a bigger convergence, debate and resistance processes on behalf of the associative structures regarding the worsening of policies based on austerity – this has consequences in the work market, training and professional organisation. It seems to be pertinent the existence of strategies articulated in a clearer way about the project for this professional area, investing in a debate among its several participants. Therefore, the professional membership drive may constitute a lever that can give more dynamism to its organisational structures, a bigger visibility and public presence of the area, but also a stronger solidity in its organisations which, being not corporative or elitist, may highlight the service’s ethics over the profit’s ethics.

Étude du livre de Daniel Lerner "The passing of traditional society: modernizing the Middle East" et de sa réception par la communauté scientifique

Cette étude a pour but de mettre en contexte la thèse de la modernisation psychique de Daniel Lerner, de faire une analyse interne de l’ouvrage et d’étudier sa réception par les sociologues de l’époque. Comme démarche de recherche, dans un premier temps, nous replacerons l’ouvrage dans la situation historique des deux premières décennies de la guerre froide (les années 50 et 60). Ce faisant, nous tenterons de comprendre la logique de la politique de développement des États-Unis à l’endroit des pays en voie de développement et la place des recherches universitaires dans la politique coloniale américaine. L’approche du développement exogène a largement inspiré les politiques étrangères des pays occidentaux et leurs efforts pour lancer le développement des pays plus nécessiteux. C’est pour cela que Lerner se concentre sur l’effet des médias américains, et surtout du Voice of America, pour analyser le rôle que ceux-ci jouent dans le processus de transformation de la personnalité. Pour aborder cette étape de la recherche, nous devrons comprendre davantage le contexte de l’ouvrage et mieux analyser la relation entre les facteurs externes et les éléments internes qui ont influencé la formation de l’ouvrage. Dans un deuxième temps, nous étudierons l’ouvrage de Lerner et nous discuterons des différents aspects relatifs aux changements sociaux que l’ouvrage a examinés. Dans notre analyse de l’ouvrage, nous critiquerons divers aspects de la pensée sociologique de Lerner et sa manière d’interpréter les faits sociaux et les statistiques. Dans un troisième temps, nous réviserons la réception de l’ouvrage par la communauté scientifique de son époque pour obtenir une large vision de la place de l’oeuvre dans l’histoire de la pensée sociologique américaine du développement. Nous établirons une catégorisation des recensions de l’ouvrage portant sur l’approche sociologique de Lerner et nous mettrons ces recensions dans l’éclairage des champs de recherches universitaires américaines. Nous nous concentrerons sur la réception de cette théorie chez les sociologues de l’époque pour comprendre la dialectique entre la thèse qui y est défendue et la société. Ce faisant, nous éviterons de nous éloigner de la sociologie comme étant la discipline de l’étude des liens sociaux et des interactions symboliques et nous éviterons de réduire notre démarche sociologique à une simple étude historique des idées. En gros, nous discuterons de la vision sociologique de l’auteur, de la façon dont son ouvrage a été formé au fil du temps et comment il a été influencé par l’esprit de son époque. De plus, nous verrons comment l’écrivain s’est nourri des théories sociologiques et à quel point il a influencé la pensée sociologique de son temps. Tout cela, en parallèle à l’analyse interne de l’ouvrage, nous permettra de saisir la place de «The Passing of Traditional Society» dans la pensée sociologique américaine. Cette recherche nous aidera à mieux comprendre la vision américaine de l’empathie en tant qu’un élément modernisateur, par rapport à la question du développement dans le contexte historique de l’époque. Cette compréhension nous mènera à approfondir notre analyse des programmes de développement des États-Unis dans le monde en voie du développement. Cette étude nous amènera aussi à élargir notre vision quant aux idées construites et formées dans leur contexte historique (en général) et à découvrir comment la communauté scientifique reste toujours en parti prisonnière de son contexte historique. Cette étude nous permettra de mieux voir les idées (le texte) en relation avec la société, ce qui est vital pour ne pas tomber dans la réduction des idées seulement au texte ou seulement au contexte. En outre, elle nous aidera à comprendre davantage la façon dont la société intervient dans la formation des idées et comment en retour les idées influencent la société.

Frei Otto et René Sarger: entre idéaux d’architecte et vérité d’ingénieur

À travers leurs premiers écrits des années 50 et 60, Frei Otto, architecte et ingénieur allemand (1925-2015), et René Sarger (1917-1988), architecte français, n’expriment pas seulement une passion partagée des toitures suspendues. Partant du même souci d’une forme structurale « juste », leurs convictions radicales révèlent aussi les premiers questionnements des nouveaux rôles de l’ingénieur et de l’architecte de l’époque, mais aussi des idéaux opposés concernant leur position comme concepteurs et auteurs du monde bâti, ainsi que l’importance sociétale de leurs disciplines.

Satisfação dos doentes portadores de CDI e CRT­‐D com seguimento remoto

Introdução: A monitorização remota (MR) apresenta diversas vantagens sendo uma delas o aumento do nível de satisfação dos doentes, utilizada como medida par avaliar os programas de seguimento remoto. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação dos doentes portadores de CDI ou CRT-D que realizem consulta de monitorização/seguimento remoto. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, descritivo e analítico com componente transversal. A recolha dos dados foi realizada telefonicamente, através da implementação de um questionário validado e adaptado aos objectivos do presente estudo durante o período compreendido entre 11 de março e 4 de abril de 2014. As questões foram essencialmente de resposta fechada, recaindo sobre a perceção e satisfação dos doente com MR, como nova metodologia de consulta. Resultados: A amostra contou com 54 inquiridos com um tempo médio de MR de 2.57 + 1.63 anos. 50% dos doentes referiram estar satisfeitos e 38.9% muito satisfeitos com a consulta de MR, sendo que 34 (63%) prefere esta consulta. Para além disso, 31.5% classificam a qualidade como sendo melhor do que a consulta presencial, enquanto 51.9% a classifica como de igual qualidade. Quanto ao sentimento de segurança e confiança, estes estão presentes em 94.4% e 88.9% das respostas dos inquiridos, respetivamente. Por fim, 88.9% dos doente continuaria a longo prazo, com a consulta à distância. Conclusão: A maioria dos doentes inquiridos responde estar satisfeita ou muito satisfeita com a consulta de MR. Quando comparada com a consulta presencial, a consulta à distância foi classificada como tendo uma qualidade igual ou superior/melhor. Existe uma enorme aceitação e preferência pelo novo sistema de MR, aliado à consulta presencial.

Estudo da secagem da flor de cardo e análise de polissacarídeos e composto fenólicos

A qualidade dos produtos alimentares e a sua influência sobre a nutrição e a saúde humana tem vindo a merecer um lugar de destaque na comunidade científica. O conceito de alimento funcional tem adquirido grande importância hoje em dia, em particular os alimentos com compostos bioactivos. O Cardo (Cynara cardunculus L.) é uma planta herbácea originária da região mediterrânea usada essencialmente na coagulação do leite, e por muitos considerada um medicamento popular, devido aos seus efeitos terapêuticos. Este trabalho teve como objectivo estudar o efeito de diferentes condições de secagem da flor de cardo, na composição em ácidos fenólicos, bem como em polissacarídeos. Era ainda objectivo tentar identificar possíveis compostos que pudessem ser utilizados como marcadores de autenticidade do queijo da serra. Neste trabalho foi usada uma amostra de flor de cardo liofilizado e três amostras secadas, a diferentes temperaturas (40, 50 e 60ºC). A análise do resíduo sólido da flor do cardo, por cromatografia gasosa, permitiu identificar a presença de açúcares constituintes de polissacarídeos pécticos. A análise por HPLC, dos extratos metanólicos e cetónicos, revelaram a presença de ácidos hidroxibenzóicos e hidroxicinâmicos na flor do cardo. A amostra mais rica nestes compostos foi a amostra secada a 50ºC. O aumento da temperatura de secagem originou uma diminuição de ácidos fenólicos.