1-D hydrogen-bonded organization of hexanuclear {3d-4f-5d} complexes: evidence for slow relaxation of the magnetization for [{LMe2Ni(H2O)Ln(H2O)4.5}2{W(CN)8}2] with Ln = Tb and Dy

Heterometallic {3d-4f-5d} aggregates with formula [{LMe2Ni(H2O)Ln(H2O)4.5}2{W(CN)8}2]·15H2O, (LMe2 stands for N,N-2,2-dimethylpropylenedi(3-methoxysalicylideneiminato) Schiff-base ligand) with Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, have been obtained by reacting bimetallic [LMe2Ni(H2O)2Ln(NO3)3] and Cs3{W(CN)8} in H2O. The hexanuclear complexes are organized in 1-D arrays by means of hydrogen bonds established between the solvent molecules coordinated to Ln and the CN ligands of an octacyanometallate moiety. The X-ray structure was solved for the Tb derivative. Magnetic behavior indicates ferromagnetic {W–Ni} and {Ni–Ln} interactions (JNiW = 18.5 cm-1, JNiGd = 1.85 cm-1) as well as ferromagnetic intermolecular interactions mediated by the H-bonds. Dynamic magnetic susceptibility studies reveal slow magnetic relaxation processes for the Tb and Dy derivatives, suggesting SMM type behavior for these compounds.

Stereospecific photodimerization of coumarins in crystalline inclusion complexes. Molecular and crystal structure of 1:2 complex of (S,S)-(-)-1,6-bis(o-chlorophenyl)-1,6-diphenyl-hexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol and coumarin

Proximity of molecules is a crucial factor in many solid- state photochemical processes.'S2 The biomolecular photodimerization reactions in the solid state depend on the relative geometry of reactant molecules in the crystal lattice with center-to-center distance of nearest neighbor double bonds of the order of ca. 4 A. This fact emanates from the incisive studies of Schmidt and Cohen.2 One of the two approaches to achieve this distance requirement is the so-called "Crystal-Engineering" of structures, which essentially involves the introduction of certain functional groups that display in-plane interstacking interactions (Cl...Cl, C-He-0, etc.) in the crystal The chloro group is by far the most successful in promoting the /3- packing m ~ d e ,th~o,u~gh recent studies have shown its limitations? Another approach involves the use of constrained media in which the reactants could hopefully be aligned.

Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-(4-bromoanilino)butanoate

The title compound, C14H18BrNO3, adopts an extended conformation, with all of the main-chain torsion angles associated with the ester and amino groups close to trans. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds are observed.

A kinetic analysis of the tumor-associated galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranoside antigen—lectin interaction

A kinetic study of the tumor-associated galactopyranosyl-(1→3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactopyranoside (T-antigen) with lectin peanut agglutinin is described. The disaccharide antigen was synthesized by chemical methods and was functionalized suitably for immobilization onto a carboxy-methylated sensor chip. The ligand immobilized surface was allowed interaction with the lectin peanut agglutinin, which acted as the analyte and the interaction was studied by the surface plasmon resonance method. The ligand—lectin interaction was characterized by the kinetic on-off rates and a bivalent analyte binding model was found to describe the observed kinetic constants. It was identified that the antigen-lectin interaction had a faster association rate constant (k a1) and a slower dissociation rate constant (k d1) in the initial binding step. The subsequent binding step showed much reduced kinetic rates. The antigen-lectin interaction was compared with the kinetic rates of the interaction of a galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-galactopyranoside derivative and a mannopyranoside derivative with the lectin.

Unusual Anisotropic Effects from 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadducts of 4-Azidomethyl Coumarins

4-Bromomethylcoumarins (1) reacted with sodium azide in aqueous acetone to give 4-azidomethyl-coumarins (2), which underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with acetylenic dipolarophiles to give triazoles (3). These triazoles (3) have been found to exhibit interesting variations in the chemical shifts of C-3-H and C-4-methylene protons. Protonation studies indicate that the shielding effect of the C-3-H of coumarin is due to pi-electrons of the triazole ring, further supported by diffraction and computational studies.

Synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-dicarboxycyclohexane-2-acetic acid. An isomer of the degradation product of abietic acid

A synthesis of 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-dicarboxycyclohexane-2-acetic acid has been described, and proved to be an isomer of the C12-acid-an oxidative degradation product of abietic acid.

1,3,6-Trimethylpyrano[4,3-b]pyrrol-4(1H)-one

All the non-H atoms of the title compound, C10H11NO2, are almost coplanar [maximum deviation = 0.040 (3) angstrom]. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds.

Crystal structure and conformation study of N-methyl-t-3-methyl-r-2, c-6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one thiosemicarbazone

Thiosemicarbazones are having the ability to bind with metal and inhibit the enzyme ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase(RDR),an enzyme which is involved in the synthesis of DNA precursors in the mammalian cells.The title compound N-methyl-t-3-methyl-r-2, c-6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one thiosemicarbazone (NMMDPT), CCDC 218052, was prepared using Mannich reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction methods.The crystal data are:C20H24N4S; M.W= 352.49, triclinic,space group P (1) over bar, a = 8.467(2)angstrom, b = 10.228(2)angstrom, c = 12.249(2)angstrom; lpha=92.595(3)degrees, beta=104.173(3)degrees, gamma=13.628(3)degrees; V=930.0(3)angstrom(3), Z=2, D-cal=1.259Mgm(-3),mu=0.184mm(-1),lambda (MoKalpha)=0.71073 angstrom, final R1 and wR2 are 0.0470 and 0.1052, respectively. The piperidine rings adopt chair conformation. The planar phenyl rings are oriented equatorially at 2,6-positions of the piperidine ring. The molecular packing can be viewed as dimers held together by two N-H...S types of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Weak C-H...pi interactions also support the stability of the molecules in the crystal in addition to van der Waals forces. (c) 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Interaction between the Z-type DNA duplex and 1,3-propanediamine:crystal structure of d(CACGTG)(2) at 1.2 angstrom resolution

The crystal structure of a hexamer duplex d(CACGTG)(2) has been determined and refined to an R-factor of 18.3% using X-ray data up to 1.2 angstrom resolution. The sequence crystallizes as a left-handed Z-form double helix with Watson-Crick base pairing. There is one hexamer duplex, a spermine molecule, 71 water molecules, and an unexpected diamine (Z-5, 1,3-propanediamine, C3H10N2)) in the asymmetric unit. This is the high-resolution non-disordered structure of a Z-DNA hexamer containing two AT base pairs in the interior of a duplex with no modifications such as bromination or methylation on cytosine bases. This structure does not possess multivalent cations such as cobalt hexaammine that are known to stabilize Z-DNA. The overall duplex structure and its crystal interactions are similar to those of the pure-spermine form of the d(CGCGCG)(2) structure. The spine of hydration in the minor groove is intact except in the vicinity of the T5A8 base pair. The binding of the Z-5 molecule in the minor grove of the d(CACGTG)(2) duplex appears to have a profound effect in conferring stability to a Z-DNA conformation via electrostatic complementarity and hydrogen bonding interactions. The successive base stacking geometry in d(CACGTG)(2) is similar to the corresponding steps in d(CG)(3). These results suggest that specific polyamines such as Z-5 could serve as powerful inducers of Z-type conformation in unmodified DNA sequences with AT base pairs. This structure provides a molecular basis for stabilizing AT base pairs incorporated into an alternating d(CG) sequence.

5-Benzyl-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo3,2 -c] pyridine

In the title compound, C26H23FN2, the dihedral angle between the 4-fluorophenyl ring and the adjacent phenyl ring is 62.3 (1)degrees. The crystal structure is stabilized by C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions.

Enantiospecific synthesis of tricyclo5.2.1.0(4,8)]decanes via acid catalysed rearrangement of isotwistanes

An acid catalysed rearrangement was employed for the enantiospecific conversion of isotwistanol to tricyclo5.2.1.0(4.8)]-decanes, which provided support for the proposed biosynthesis of allopupukeananes from pupukeananes. The strategy has been further extended to the enantiospecific synthesis of a homobrexane. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

2,1,3-Bentsoksadiatsolirakenteiset molekyylit antibakteerisina ja antiparasiittisina yhdisteinä

Aikaisemman tutkimuksen perusteella tiedettiin tiettyjen 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsolirakenteisten molekyylien olevan aktiivisia Chlamydia pneumoniae –bakteeria vastaan. Tutkimusta lähdettiin jatkamaan ja 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsolimolekyylien rakenne-aktiivisuusuhteista haluttiin saada lisätietoa. Tarkoituksena oli kehittää 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsolimolekyyleille ja sen avulla muodostaa molekyylikirjasto. Syntetisoidut molekyylit haluttiin testata sekä Chlamydia pneumoniae -bakteeria että Leishmania donovani –parasiittia vastaan. Chlamydia pneumoniae –bakteeri aiheuttaa akuutteja ylä- ja alahengitystieinfektiota, kuten keuhkoputkentulehdusta. Akuutissa tulehduksessa oireet vaihtelevat huomattavasti. Chlamydia pneumoniae –bakteerilla on myös taipumus aiheuttaa kroonisia tulehduksia. Nämä ovat useissa tutkimuksissa yhdistetty kansantaloudellisesti merkittäviin sairauksiin, kuten ateroskleroosiin ja astmaan. Leishmanioosi on toiseksi yleisin loissairaus ihmisellä malarian jälkeen. Leishmania donovani –parasiitti voi aiheuttaa tappavaa viskeraalista leishmanioosia. Vuodessa leishmanioosiin kuolee yli 50 000 ihmistä. Viime vuosina leishmanioosin lääkehoidossa on esiintynyt monenlaisia ongelmia. Osat lääkkeistä ovat menettäneet tehonsa ja osalla esiintyy vakavia haittavaikutuksia. 2,1,3-Bentsoksadiatsolirakenteisille yhdisteille saatiin kehitettyä toimiva synteesireitti. Lähtöaineena käytettiin 4-amino-2-nitrobentsoehappoa, josta saatiin hapettavalla renkaansulkeutumisreaktiolla 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsoli-5-karboksyylihappoa. Karboksyylihaposta syntetisoitiin amidi-välituotteen kautta 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsoli-5-karbonitriiliä. Hydroksyyliamiini hydrokloridin avulla 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsoli-5-karbonitriilistä muodostettiin vastaavaa karboksimidamidia, joka oli synteesireitin yhteinen välituote kaikille molekyyleille. Viimeisessä vaiheessa N´-hydroksidi-2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsoli-5-karboksimidamidin annettiin reagoida joko fenyyli-isosyanaatin tai fenyyli-isotiosyanaatin kanssa, jolloin saatiin lopputuotetta. Synteesireitin kehittäminen osoittautui haastavaksi ja loppujen lopuksi saatiin ainoastaan kolme lopputuotetta syntetisoitua. Yksi lopputuotteista testattiin C. pneumoniae –bakteeria vastaan Åbo akademissa Turussa. Testattavaa yhdiste ei sisältänyt 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsoliarengasta ja bioaktiivisuuskokeen tulos oli odotusten mukainen. Yhdiste ei ollut aktiivinen C. pneumoniae –bakteeria vastaan alhaisilla konsentraatioilla ja tuloksesta voitiin todeta 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsolirengaan olevan tärkeä aktiivisuuden kannalta. Kaksi lopputuotetta saatiin testaukseen Leishamania donovani –parasiittia vastaan Israeliin. Ainoastaan toinen molekyyleistä sisälsi 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsolirakenteen. Bioaktiivisuuskokeiden tulokset olivat erittäin rohkaisevia. Yhdisteet olivat aktiivisia parasiittia vastaan jo alhaisilla konsentraatioilla. Kuitenkin 2,1,3-bentsoksadiatsolirakenteinen molekyyli oli aktiivisempi, joten tämäkin aktiivisuuskokeen perusteella huomattiin rengasrakenteen olevan tärkeä aktiivisuuden kannalta.

Non-enzymatic Degradation of (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucan in Aqueous Processing of Oats

Cereal water-soluble β-glucan [(1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucan] has well-evidenced health benefits and it contributes to the texture properties of foods. These functions are characteristically dependent on the excellent viscosity forming ability of this cell wall polysaccharide. The viscosity is affected by the molar mass, solubility and conformation of β-glucan molecule, which are further known to be altered during food processing. This study focused on demonstrating the degradation of β-glucan in water solutions following the addition of ascorbic acid, during heat treatments or high pressure homogenisation. Furthermore, the motivation of this study was in the non-enzymatic degradation mechanisms, particularly in oxidative cleavage via hydroxyl radicals. The addition of ascorbic acid at food-related concentrations (2-50 mM), autoclaving (120°C) treatments, and high pressure homogenisation (300-1000 bar) considerably cleaved the β-glucan chains, determined as a steep decrease in the viscosity of β-glucan solutions and decrease in the molar mass of β-glucan. The cleavage was more intense in a solution of native β-glucan with co-extracted compounds than in a solution of highly purified β-glucan. Despite the clear and immediate process-related degradation, β-glucan was less sensitive to these treatments compared to other water-soluble polysaccharides previously reported in the literature. In particular, the highly purified β-glucan was relatively resistant to the autoclaving treatments without the addition of ferrous ions. The formation of highly oxidative free radicals was detected at the elevated temperatures, and the formation was considerably accelerated by added ferrous ions. Also ascorbic acid pronounced the formation of these oxidative radicals, and oxygen was simultaneously consumed by ascorbic acid addition and by heating the β-glucan solutions. These results demonstrated the occurrence of oxidative reactions, most likely the metal catalysed Fenton-like reactions, in the β-glucan solutions during these processes. Furthermore, oxidized functional groups (carbonyls) were formed along the β-glucan chain by the treatments, including high pressure homogenisation, evidencing the oxidation of β-glucan by these treatments. The degradative forces acting on the particles in the high pressure homogenisation are generally considered to be the mechanical shear, but as shown here, carbohydrates are also easily degraded during the process, and oxidation may have a role in the modification of polysaccharides by this technique. In the present study, oat β-glucan was demonstrated to be susceptible to degradation during aqueous processing by non-enzymatic degradation mechanisms. Oxidation was for the first time shown to be a highly relevant degradation mechanism of β-glucan in food processing.