Multichannel Remote Data Acquisition and Analysing Systems For Fisheries / Environmental Investigations

Remote Data acquisition and analysing systems developed for fisheries and related environmental studies have been reported. It consists of three units. The first one namely multichannel remote data acquisition system is installed at the remote place powered by a rechargeable battery. It acquires and stores the 16 channel environmental data on a battery backed up RAM. The second unit called the Field data analyser is used for insitue display and analysis of the data stored in the backed up RAM. The third unit namely Laboratory data analyser is an IBM compatible PC based unit for detailed analysis and interpretation of the data after bringing the RAM unit to the laboratory. The data collected using the system has been analysed and presented in the form of a graph. The system timer operated at negligibly low current, switches on the power to the entire remote operated system at prefixed time interval of 2 hours.Data storage at remote site on low power battery backedupRAM and retrieval and analysis of data using PC are the special i ty of the system. The remote operated system takes about 7 seconds including the 5 second stabilization time to acquire and store data and is very ideal for remote operation on rechargeable bat tery. The system can store 16 channel data scanned at 2 hour interval for 10 days on 2K backed up RAM with memory expansion facility for 8K RAM.

Capturing Emergent Semantics from Social Annotation Systems

The ongoing growth of the World Wide Web, catalyzed by the increasing possibility of ubiquitous access via a variety of devices, continues to strengthen its role as our prevalent information and commmunication medium. However, although tools like search engines facilitate retrieval, the task of finally making sense of Web content is still often left to human interpretation. The vision of supporting both humans and machines in such knowledge-based activities led to the development of different systems which allow to structure Web resources by metadata annotations. Interestingly, two major approaches which gained a considerable amount of attention are addressing the problem from nearly opposite directions: On the one hand, the idea of the Semantic Web suggests to formalize the knowledge within a particular domain by means of the "top-down" approach of defining ontologies. On the other hand, Social Annotation Systems as part of the so-called Web 2.0 movement implement a "bottom-up" style of categorization using arbitrary keywords. Experience as well as research in the characteristics of both systems has shown that their strengths and weaknesses seem to be inverse: While Social Annotation suffers from problems like, e. g., ambiguity or lack or precision, ontologies were especially designed to eliminate those. On the contrary, the latter suffer from a knowledge acquisition bottleneck, which is successfully overcome by the large user populations of Social Annotation Systems. Instead of being regarded as competing paradigms, the obvious potential synergies from a combination of both motivated approaches to "bridge the gap" between them. These were fostered by the evidence of emergent semantics, i. e., the self-organized evolution of implicit conceptual structures, within Social Annotation data. While several techniques to exploit the emergent patterns were proposed, a systematic analysis - especially regarding paradigms from the field of ontology learning - is still largely missing. This also includes a deeper understanding of the circumstances which affect the evolution processes. This work aims to address this gap by providing an in-depth study of methods and influencing factors to capture emergent semantics from Social Annotation Systems. We focus hereby on the acquisition of lexical semantics from the underlying networks of keywords, users and resources. Structured along different ontology learning tasks, we use a methodology of semantic grounding to characterize and evaluate the semantic relations captured by different methods. In all cases, our studies are based on datasets from several Social Annotation Systems. Specifically, we first analyze semantic relatedness among keywords, and identify measures which detect different notions of relatedness. These constitute the input of concept learning algorithms, which focus then on the discovery of synonymous and ambiguous keywords. Hereby, we assess the usefulness of various clustering techniques. As a prerequisite to induce hierarchical relationships, our next step is to study measures which quantify the level of generality of a particular keyword. We find that comparatively simple measures can approximate the generality information encoded in reference taxonomies. These insights are used to inform the final task, namely the creation of concept hierarchies. For this purpose, generality-based algorithms exhibit advantages compared to clustering approaches. In order to complement the identification of suitable methods to capture semantic structures, we analyze as a next step several factors which influence their emergence. Empirical evidence is provided that the amount of available data plays a crucial role for determining keyword meanings. From a different perspective, we examine pragmatic aspects by considering different annotation patterns among users. Based on a broad distinction between "categorizers" and "describers", we find that the latter produce more accurate results. This suggests a causal link between pragmatic and semantic aspects of keyword annotation. As a special kind of usage pattern, we then have a look at system abuse and spam. While observing a mixed picture, we suggest that an individual decision should be taken instead of disregarding spammers as a matter of principle. Finally, we discuss a set of applications which operationalize the results of our studies for enhancing both Social Annotation and semantic systems. These comprise on the one hand tools which foster the emergence of semantics, and on the one hand applications which exploit the socially induced relations to improve, e. g., searching, browsing, or user profiling facilities. In summary, the contributions of this work highlight viable methods and crucial aspects for designing enhanced knowledge-based services of a Social Semantic Web.

The Pursuit of Acquisition Intrapreneurs

This report represents research conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under the Lean Aerospace Initiative (LAI) program. The research focused on identifying Acquisition Intrapreneurs, viewed and defined for the purpose of this research as, individuals within the acquisition profession who take direct responsibility for turning ideas into products through assertive risk taking. The basis for this research stems from the agile acquisition push for “breeding innovators” to achieve a leaner and more responsive approach to the design, build, test and fielding of warfighting systems.

Procesamiento lexical en pacientes con lesiones cerebrales : un estudio de la denominación.

Estudio del comportamiento de pacientes con lesiones corticales contridas fundamentalmente de origen neoplásico vascular o traumático, analizando la comprensión del lenguaje en la entrada auditiva y en su comprensión verbal, centrándose en las pruebas de denominación. La muestra la componen 50 sujetos divididos en 5 grupos. Primer grupo: 10 pacientes afásicos con lesiones del hemisferio izquierdo. Segundo grupo: 10 pacientes con lesiones del hemisferio izquierdo. Tercer grupo: 10 pacientes con lesiones del hemisferio derecho. Cuarto grupo: 10 sujetos adultos sin patologías en el sistema nervioso. Quinto grupo: 10 niños con edades entre 5 y 8 ocho años sin patologías en el sistema central y sin problemas escolares. En base al modelo de Caramazza, Berndt y Browell (1982) se analiza la denominación en relación a la modalidad sensorial de entrada, la cantidad de información y la categoría semántica. Se localizan las estructuras cerebrales que se encuentran fundamentalmente dañadas. Se relaciona finalmente la denominación con la clasificación de las afasias, la lateralización hemisférica de funciones y la base neuroanatómica lesionada. Pruebas clínicas de denominación. Diseños factoriales mixtos, con el primer factor entre grupos y con el resto de los factores de medidas repetidas -estos últimos cambian-. Se ha realizado transformación al arcoseno de la variable dependiente y ajustes en proporciones siguiendo el método propuesto por Snedecor y Cochran. Se han realizado los correspondientes análisis de varianza. Desajuste de los niveles de análisis entre la neuropsicología tradicional y la psicología cognitiva actual. Importancia de las modalidades sensoriales a presentación, cantidad de información y categoría semántica en la denominación. Peor ejecución de los pacientes con lesiones en el hemisferio derecho, interpretado como un problema en el procesamiento en las etapas iniciales. No existe un paralelismo de pacientes afásicos y el grupo infantil. Este último se asemeja al grupo control de adultos. Confección de un mapa de localización de la corteza cerebral que cuando se lesiona puede sufrir trastornos en la denominación. Esta capacidad se realiza fundamentalmente en el giro temporal superior de hemisferio izquierdo. El marco teórico que puede adoptarse para el estudio de la denominación es el de los modelos de producción verbal. La clasificación de las afasias en tareas debe cambiar en componentes de las mismas.

Experimentation and Stages of Acquisition for Tobacco Consumption in Spanish Adolescents

One area which has been largely neglected when studying the acquisition of addiction to smoking with the transtheoretical model is whether the individual had previously experimented with smoking. The importance of including the experimentation variable was supported by this research

La adquisición de la interrogación: las interrogativas parciales en catalán y castellano = The acquisition of interrogatives:Wh-questions in Catalan and Spanish

En este trabajo se describe la naturaleza y secuencia de adquisición de las preguntas interrogativas parciales en niños de habla catalana y/o castellana dentro de un marco de análisis según el cual la adquisición de las estructuras lingüísticas se construye gradualmente desde estructuras concretas hasta estructuras más abstractas. La muestra utilizada se compone de 10 niños y niñas procedentes de corpus longitudinales cuyas edades van de los 17 meses a los 3 años. El análisis se ha realizado atendiendo a la estructura sintáctica de la oración, los errores, los pronombres y adverbios interrogativos, y la tipología verbal. Los resultados muestran que la secuencia de adquisición pasa por un momento inicial caracterizado por producciones estereotipadas o fórmulas, durante el cual sólo aparecen algunas partículas interrogativas en estructuras muy concretas. Posteriormente la interrogación aparece con otros pronombres y adverbios y se diversifica a otros verbos, además, no se observan errores en la construcción sintáctica. Estos resultados suponen un hecho diferencial respecto de estudios previos en lengua inglesa

Aprendizaje léxico y desarrollo de la gramática: vocabulario verbal, aceleración morfológica y complejidad sintáctica

This paper studies the initial development of certain language components. More precisely, we analyse the relation between three aspects that are closely involved in the grammar of the verb: morphological productivity, syntactic complexity, and verb vocabulary learning. The study is based on data about the relationship between lexical development and grammatical development, and also on proposals that a critical mass of vocabulary is needed in order to develop a grammatical component. The sample comprised six subjects who are monolingual or bilingual in Catalan andlor Spanish. Results show a morphological spurt some time afer the learning of a certain quantity of verbs. Moreover, syntactic complexity is only evident some months after this morphological spurt

Visual SLAM for 3D large-scale seabed acquisition employing underwater vehicles

This paper presents a novel technique to align partial 3D reconstructions of the seabed acquired by a stereo camera mounted on an autonomous underwater vehicle. Vehicle localization and seabed mapping is performed simultaneously by means of an Extended Kalman Filter. Passive landmarks are detected on the images and characterized considering 2D and 3D features. Landmarks are re-observed while the robot is navigating and data association becomes easier but robust. Once the survey is completed, vehicle trajectory is smoothed by a Rauch-Tung-Striebel filter obtaining an even better alignment of the 3D views and yet a large-scale acquisition of the seabed

Language acquisition in the classroom.

Revisión didáctica subyacente a la impartición de lenguas extranjeras en el contexto sociopedagógico de las aulas, con el fin de que los alumnos puedan adquirir las destrezas comunicativas lingüísticas necesarias a nivel oral y escrito. Aplicado a seis grupos de primero de BUP de 35 alumnos cada grupo, del Instituto Tomás de Iriarte de Santa Cruz de Tenerife. La metodología llevada a cabo ha sido a través de un enfoque natural, siendo indispensable para ello, actitud favorable, orden creciente de dificultad, creación de reglas formales, mensajes significativos para el discente, etc. Los instrumentos de obtención de la información se llevaron a cabo a través de cuestionarios personales (intereses, nivel social, etc.) y observaciones de conocimientos y actitudes hacia la segunda lengua. La experiencia ha sido válida tanto para la formación profesional de los profesores como para el aprovechamiento académico de los alumnos. Valoración favorable del enfoque natural y necesidad de investigar en el área de adquisición de segundas lenguas.

Language acquisition through topical syllabus.

El presente proyecto viene a ser una labor ya experimentada desde hace cuatro años. Se trata de una aproximación a la Lengua Inglesa de COU de una forma totalmente innovadora. A partir de una serie de tópicos o temas de actualidad o considerados de interés por los alumnos, se elaboran unas tareas o actividades a realizar por el alumnado. Estos tópicos se trabajan a partir de material auténtico, tanto escrito como audiovisual, atendiendo tanto a razones de complejidad lingüística como de complejidad conceptual. Su contenido oscilará desde lo puramente morfosintáctico-léxico hasta el más puramente comunicativo. El proyecto afecta a todos los grupos de COU de los siguientes centros de Bachillerato: Anaga, Tomás de Iriarte, Padre Anchieta, Tejina, Cabrera Pinto, y de Formación Profesional Los Realejos, todos de la isla de Tenerife. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación continua a través de observación directa, participación y trabajo en clase, pruebas orales y escritas, etc. No constan resultados ni valoraciones al respecto.

The acquisition of expository uses of language

Objective: This study offers a description of the kinds of linguistic aids offered by adults while giving explanations to young children about different issues. During the midst of these conversations children have several opportunities to learn, not only from objects and events, but also from the utterances used to refer to them, learning how realities are named after, and in many cases, how to participate in them. Methodology: Through the analysis of eleven minutes of interaction between young child and his maternal grandparents. Results: Adults offers young child different discursive ways for helping him to add information, organize and clarify the topic that he is talking about. Conclusions: The results allow to identify different ways that the adults use for helping young child to improve his explanations.

Bilingual lexical access : a connexionist model. 'Acceso al léxico bilingüe : un modelo conexionista'.

Determinar las relaciones entre dos lexicones en individuos bilingües y sus efectos cognitivos. Diseñar desde una perspectiva conexionista un instrumento para la evaluación del aprendizaje de nuevas palabras y su efecto cognitivo. Simular el proceso de aprendizaje de nuevo vocabulario durante la segunda adquisición del lenguaje. Estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria de nacionalidad holandesa. La investigación se divide en dos bloques, en el primero de ellos se define el marco teórico de la investigación, revisándose las principales teorías acerca del almacenamiento de léxicos multilingües. En el segundo bloque se diseña, desarrolla y testea en dos fases, BAR1 y BAR2, el instrumento BAR en base a un determinado algoritmo de aprendizaje. El análisis del BAR1 valida el modelo de proyección cognitiva en términos de aprendizaje y representación interna, siendo el BAR2 un instrumento que con mayor tamaño de los segmentos de aprendizaje. Instrumento BAR . Análisis de correlación de Spearman. El instrumento se muestra útil en los términos para los que fue diseñado.