935 resultados para function-oriented business model


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Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on kartoittaa elintarvikeverkkokaupan kohtaamat haasteet Suomessa ja sitä kautta selvittää miksi elintarvikeverkkokaupat eivät ole saavuttaneet jalansijaa muiden verkkokauppojen tavoin. Tavoitteena on lisäksi selvittää, mitkä ovat elintarvikeverkkokaupan tärkeimmät kehityskohteet sekä haasteet ja mahdollisuudet tulevaisuudessa. Ruokakaupat hallitsevat maailman suurimpien yritysten listaa, mutta niiden verkkokauppatoiminta on vielä hyvin pienimuotoista. Erityisesti Suomessa elintarvikeverkkokauppa on hyvin rajoittunutta ja kilpailu olematonta verrattuna esimerkiksi elektroniikan tai kirjojen verkkokauppaan. Vuodesta 2010 vuoteen 2014 mennessä elintarvikkeiden ostaminen verkosta onkin kasvanut yli 500 prosenttia. Suuresta kasvusta huolimatta verkkokaupasta ostetun ruoan osuus Suomen koko päivittäistavarakaupasta on tällä hetkellä alle puoli prosenttia, joka vastaa yhden pienen lähikaupan vuosimyyntiä. Elintarvikeverkkokaupan laajentumisen esteenä on useita haasteita, jotka ovat tiivstetty tutkimuksen lopussa. Lähes koko elintarvikeverkkokaupan kokonaisprosessi vaatii kehitystä, jotta läpäisykykyä saadaan tehostettua. Prosessin sisäisesti suurimmaksi kehityskohteeksi osoittautuu keräilyteknologian kehitys. Se tulee olemaan toiminto, joka onnistuessaan vauhdittaa alan kasvua tai epäonnistuessaan hidastaa alan kehitystä. Tutkimuksen perusteella elintarvikeverkkokaupan tulevaisuus näyttää kuitenkin valoisalta.

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The thesis analyzes liability of Internet news portals for third-party defamatory comments. After the case of Delfi AS v. Estonia, decided by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights on 16 June 2015, a portal can be held liable for user-generated unlawful comments. The thesis aims at exploring consequences of the case of Delfi for Internet news portals’ business model. The model is described as a mixture of two modes of information production: traditional industrial information economy and new networked information economy. Additionally, the model has a generative comment environment. I name this model “the Delfian model”. The thesis analyzes three possible strategies which portals will likely apply in the nearest future. I will discuss these strategies from two perspectives: first, how each strategy can affect the Delfian model and, second, how changes in the model can, in their turn, affect freedom of expression. The thesis is based on the analysis of case law, legal, and law and economics literature. I follow the law and technology approach in the vein of ideas developed by Lawrence Lessig, Yochai Benkler and Jonathan Zittrain. The Delfian model is researched as an example of a local battle between industrial and networked information economy modes. The thesis concludes that this local battle is lost because the Delfian model has to be replaced with a new walled-garden model. Such a change can seriously endanger freedom of expression.

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Päätavoitteena tässä tutkielmassa on selvittää, mitkä ovat perinteisen ja sähköisen liiketoiminnan menestystekijät nykyisessä toimintaympäristössä. Lisäksi tavoitteena on esitellä perinteisen liiketoiminnan ominaispiirteitä sekä sitä, miten Internet muuttaa näitä. Tavoitteena on myös tarkastella, miten perinteinen B2C -pienyritys voi hyödyntää Internetiä liiketoiminnassaan.

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This study discusses the interactions of different decision-making mechanisms in the process of change of a successful entrepreneurial dairy firm in Vietnam. The purpose of the study is to construct a theoretical framework, which explains the interactions between effectual and causal decision-making processes in different phases of business, and to provide a real life example with practical recommendations for entrepreneurs and managers. In order to achieve this purpose, a preliminary theoretical framework was built, using process theories applied to different decision making modes, referred to as causation and effectuation. The case was studied through ethnographic research method, with three semi-structured interviews, one unstructured interview, secondary data and observations within four months in 2013-2014. After the data was analyzed, a modified framework was drawn from the result. The finding of this study shows that there was an interaction between effectual and causal decision-making processes in different stages of the company’s development. The entrepreneur applied effectual decision-making process to develop a unique business model and a new dairy market segment. However, when a new market demand arose, the company’s resources became insufficient, they thus had to shift to causation process to adapt to market change. Simultaneously, with better-accumulated resources, the entrepreneur continued the effectuation process to create another brand new dairy market segment. This study, thus, contributes to effectuation theory, emphasizing the necessity of combining effectual and causal decision-making processes in different phases of business. It is suggested that business would develop with an effectual process until a business model is viable for growth. It continues to use this process up to a certain degree. When the market changes, the company needs to collect more means to adapt to the changes. They need to set new goals and this is a shift to the use of causal process, which builds on prediction. It uses goals and teleology as driving mechanisms and tries to exploit and fill potential resource gaps to achieve these goals. At the same time, there are new iterations that look to establish new lines or types of business with the given means, which are now well established. This again employs effectual mechanisms, which are based on evolutionary process, until they reach the stage of viable tested business model. Moreover, this study hopes to provide know-how to entrepreneurs and managers of small companies in similar situations, suggesting how to combine effectual and causal decision-making processes to deal with various circumstances in different times.

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The need behind this thesis was in the development of a more modern earning logic for a pelvic floor muscle home training device to which a portal solution is going to be introduced as a part of new upgraded version of the device. The goal is to offer useful guidelines and recommendations for the medical device manufacturer to use in the process of creating the new business model around the new product version. In the theoretical part of this thesis, the used theoretical frameworks for business model generation and pricing models are presented. The special characteristics of healthcare technology industry are also introduced as initial data for the empirical part. The empirical data is collected via interviews and meetings from both inside and outside of the company to gain a comprehensive picture of the issue at hand. The needed changes in the business model as well as possible pricing options are gone through in the empirical chapters with the main focus being on the incoming revenue streams and pricing. As results of the thesis recommendations are presented for the changes that are needed in the business model after the introduction of the portal solution. The results of this thesis can be used for finishing the development process of the new version of the device and especially the earning logic of it.

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Operational excellence of individual tramp shipping companies is important in today’s market, where competition is intense, freight revenues are modest and capital costs high due to global financial crisis, and tighter regulatory framework is generating additional costs and challenges to the industry. This thesis concentrates on tramp shipping, where a tramp operator in a form of an individual case company, specialized in short-sea shipping activities in the Baltic Sea region, is searching ways to map their current fleet operations and better understand potential ways to improve the overall routing and scheduling decisions. The research problem is related to tramp fleet planning where several cargoes are carried on board at the same time, which are here systematically referred to as part cargoes. The purpose is to determine the pivotal dimensions and characteristics of these part cargo operations in tramp shipping, and offer both the individual case company and wider research community better understanding of potential risks and benefits related to utilization of part cargo operations. A mixed method research approach is utilized in this research, as the objectives are related to complex, real-life business practices in the field of supply chain management and more specifically, maritime logistics. A quantitative analysis of different voyage scenarios is executed, including alternative voyage legs with varying cost structure and customer involvement. An on-line-based questionnaire designed and prepared by case company’s decision group again provides desired data of predominant attitudes and views of most important industrial customers regarding the part cargo-related operations and potential future utilization of this business model. The results gained from these quantitative methods are complied with qualitative data collection tools, along with suitable secondary data sources. Based on results and logical analysis of different data sources, a framework for characterizing the different aspects of part cargo operations is developed, utilizing both existing research and empirical investigation of the phenomenon. As conclusions, part cargoes have the ability to be part of viable fleet operations, and even increase flexibility among the fleet to a certain extent. Naturally, several hinderers for this development is recognized as well, such as potential issues with information gathering and sharing, inefficient port activities, and increased transit times.

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Réalisé en cotutelle avec l'Université Bordeaux 1 (France)

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La diffusion sur les plateformes néomédiatiques d’œuvres audiovisuelles, comme les sites Internet des télédiffuseurs ou des webdiffuseurs, la vidéo sur demande, la télévision mobile ou la webdistribution, modifie les risques que les producteurs audiovisuels doivent gérer normalement sur les plateformes traditionnelles, comme la télévision. La mutation des risques découle de quatre sources en particulier, soit du marché, des pratiques d’affaires, des lois et règlements et des techniques elles-mêmes. Ces sources peuvent également induire des normes pouvant constituer un cadre juridique afin de moduler ou éliminer les risques. Le présent mémoire analyse les risques encourus lors de la diffusion sur les plateformes néomédiatiques d’œuvres audiovisuelles du point de vue des producteurs par l’entremise du processus de gestion de risques. Il identifie et recense ainsi les risques en mutation et les nouveaux risques auxquels les producteurs sont confrontés. Puis, les risques identifiés y sont définis et le cadre juridique est abordé dans le contexte de la mise en œuvre d’une stratégie de gestion de risques et des mesures afin d’atténuer ou d’éviter les risques encourus par les activités de production et d’exploitation des producteurs.

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L’objectif à moyen terme de ce travail est d’explorer quelques formulations des problèmes d’identification de forme et de reconnaissance de surface à partir de mesures ponctuelles. Ces problèmes ont plusieurs applications importantes dans les domaines de l’imagerie médicale, de la biométrie, de la sécurité des accès automatiques et dans l’identification de structures cohérentes lagrangiennes en mécanique des fluides. Par exemple, le problème d’identification des différentes caractéristiques de la main droite ou du visage d’une population à l’autre ou le suivi d’une chirurgie à partir des données générées par un numériseur. L’objectif de ce mémoire est de préparer le terrain en passant en revue les différents outils mathématiques disponibles pour appréhender la géométrie comme variable d’optimisation ou d’identification. Pour l’identification des surfaces, on explore l’utilisation de fonctions distance ou distance orientée, et d’ensembles de niveau comme chez S. Osher et R. Fedkiw ; pour la comparaison de surfaces, on présente les constructions des métriques de Courant par A. M. Micheletti en 1972 et le point de vue de R. Azencott et A. Trouvé en 1995 qui consistent à générer des déformations d’une surface de référence via une famille de difféomorphismes. L’accent est mis sur les fondations mathématiques sous-jacentes que l’on a essayé de clarifier lorsque nécessaire, et, le cas échéant, sur l’exploration d’autres avenues.

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Multivariate lifetime data arise in various forms including recurrent event data when individuals are followed to observe the sequence of occurrences of a certain type of event; correlated lifetime when an individual is followed for the occurrence of two or more types of events, or when distinct individuals have dependent event times. In most studies there are covariates such as treatments, group indicators, individual characteristics, or environmental conditions, whose relationship to lifetime is of interest. This leads to a consideration of regression models.The well known Cox proportional hazards model and its variations, using the marginal hazard functions employed for the analysis of multivariate survival data in literature are not sufficient to explain the complete dependence structure of pair of lifetimes on the covariate vector. Motivated by this, in Chapter 2, we introduced a bivariate proportional hazards model using vector hazard function of Johnson and Kotz (1975), in which the covariates under study have different effect on two components of the vector hazard function. The proposed model is useful in real life situations to study the dependence structure of pair of lifetimes on the covariate vector . The well known partial likelihood approach is used for the estimation of parameter vectors. We then introduced a bivariate proportional hazards model for gap times of recurrent events in Chapter 3. The model incorporates both marginal and joint dependence of the distribution of gap times on the covariate vector . In many fields of application, mean residual life function is considered superior concept than the hazard function. Motivated by this, in Chapter 4, we considered a new semi-parametric model, bivariate proportional mean residual life time model, to assess the relationship between mean residual life and covariates for gap time of recurrent events. The counting process approach is used for the inference procedures of the gap time of recurrent events. In many survival studies, the distribution of lifetime may depend on the distribution of censoring time. In Chapter 5, we introduced a proportional hazards model for duration times and developed inference procedures under dependent (informative) censoring. In Chapter 6, we introduced a bivariate proportional hazards model for competing risks data under right censoring. The asymptotic properties of the estimators of the parameters of different models developed in previous chapters, were studied. The proposed models were applied to various real life situations.

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El modelo de franquicia ha evolucionado desde su inicio en Estados Unidos, en 1862, por Singer Sewing Machine Company debido a la necesidad de superar los problemas de distribución y cobertura de sus productos. Diversas empresas decidieron seguir con este modelo ya que sus ventajas eran mayores para penetrar mercados nuevos. Un claro exponente de la optimización de este modelo es McDonald"s que tiene más de 25.4651 franquicias en 126 países, pero para que se diera esta expansión contaron con criterios propios del modelo de franquicia que garantizan el éxito, los cuales son: estandarización de procesos y procedimientos (consignados en manuales), un "Know How" diferenciador, una marca consolidada, un plan de expansión estratégico y un modelo de negocio característico; tales variables son insustituibles para el desarrollo satisfactorio del modelo de franquicia. A nivel Colombia el primer acercamiento de franquicia lo dio la multinacional Burger King en 1980, pero luego las empresas colombianas decidieron seguir este modelo siendo Kokoriko la pionera seguida de Presto y Frisby. Una de las empresas que utiliza el modelo de franquicias en Colombia es Pan Pa" Ya!, pero es una franquicia diferente, se llama Franquicia financiera, ya que el franquiciado solo es un inversionista que aporta el capital, pero la administración esta a cargo del franquiciador. La empresa empezó utilizando el modelo tradicional de franquicia, pero este no fue exitoso debido a que los procesos no estaban totalmente estandarizados, no existía la tecnología del pan congelado y el proceso de supervisión de los locales franquiciados era muy difícil. Hoy, la situación ha cambiado y la empresa está estudiando si continuar con el modelo de franquicia financiera o volver al modelo tradicional de franquicia.

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Como solución al problema socio-económico de las poblaciones que tienden a la vulnerabilidad en Colombia, se plantea un modelo de empresa sustentable; se trata de partir de una inter-dependencia entre la responsabilidad social empresarial y la cadena de valor, logrando establecer enlaces de integración horizontal y vertical, para así ayudar a crear, fomentar y hacer crecer dentro de estas cadena, a microempresas conformadas por las minorías más vulnerables social y económicamente de nuestro país, aplicándolo en una primera instancia, como modelo piloto, a las personas en proceso de reintegración de los grupos armados ilegales, de manera que el modelo sea viable, soportable y equitativo, y genere cuenta de resultados a futuro para las organizaciones de tipo social, financiero y ambiental.

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En el presente documento se mostraran todos los análisis y estudios realizados para determinar la factibilidad de un negocio de expendio minorista de bebidas y alimentos denominada “Bar frutal” ó ”Juice Bar , específicamente para ofrecer bebidas frescas y nutritivas de origen frutal, a las cuales se le da la opción de adicionarles suplementos vitamínicos benéficos para la salud y ser acompañadas de alimentos saludables y nutritivos. El establecimiento pretende promover un estilo de vida a través de una alimentación sana y balanceada. El proyecto incluiría líneas de alimentos que funcionaran como acompañamiento a los batidos, que por su preparación y sus características cumplirán estrictamente con el concepto de saludable y nutritivo. El bar frutal ofrece la opción de poder refrescarse y al mismo tiempo nutrirse, con la opción de adquirir suplementos nutricionales como vitaminas, minerales y proteínas. Los principales productos que se van a ofrecer serían granizados, batidos y bebidas no alcohólicas preparadas a base de mezclas de frutas naturales, con posibilidad de adicionar ingredientes naturales como soya, yogurt, leche, miel y complementos nutricionales como hierro, vitaminas y proteínas entre otros complementos vitamínicos. La compañía va a seguir un modelo de negocio de procesamiento de bebidas y alimentos de forma inmediata, cuya distribución será selectiva y directa. El objeto de este documento se limita a mostrar la metodología desarrollada para la evaluación de factibilidad financiera de la operación del primer punto de venta en la ciudad de Bogotá, y las razones por las cuales el proyecto es factible financieramente.

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La necesidad que presenta la población hacia servicios especializados de salud que brinden una atención oportuna, eficaz y de alta calidad, con el fin de disminuir problemáticas que van desde la limitación en la actividad hasta discapacidad del paciente, conllevó a la creación del proyecto Ciudad Salud, el cual busca la instauración de clúster de salud de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Bogotá, para establecerse como la mejor oferta en salud a nivel nacional e internacional. Dentro del proyecto se encuentra el Hospital Universitario de la Samaritana, el cual participa con la especialidad de Neurotrauma de Columna, basado en esta especialidad se realiza la presente investigación, con el fin de Proponer que este Centro de Excelencia opere bajo un modelo de negocios acorde con la filosofía institucional, para dar al hospital un valor agregado y diferenciador que le permita ser competitivo en la prestación de servicios de salud. Para el desarrollo de la investigación se crean tres sesiones de grupos focales con la participación en total de 19 personas que trabajan en la Institución, los cuales generan consenso en la instauración de los 9 ítems según el modelo Canvas; por otro lado, se logra el planteamiento de los componentes estructurales y funcionales necesarios para el desempeño del mismo. Así mismo se realizó una planeación estratégica basada en el análisis DOFA, proponiendo un plan estratégico basado en el ciclo PHVA.