Influence of stochastic mesoscopic structure on macroscopic mechanical behavior of brittle material

A newly developed numerical code, MFPA(2D) (Material Failure Process Analysis), is applied to study the influence of stochastic mesoscopic structure on macroscopic mechanical behavior of rock-like materials. A set of uniaxial compression tests has been numerically studied with numerical specimens containing pre-existing crack-like flaw. The numerical results reveal the influence of random mesoscopic structure on failure process of brittle material, which indicates that the variation of failure mode is strongly sensitive to the local disorder feature of the specimen. And the patterns of the crack evolution in the specimens are very different from each other due to the random mesoscopic structure in material. The results give a good explanation for various kinds of fracture modes and peak strength variation observed in laboratory studies with specimens made from the same rock block being statistically homogenous in macro scale. In addition, the evolution of crack is more complicated in heterogeneous cases than in homogeneous cases.

Micro-scale Mechanics of the Surface-Nanocrystalline Al-Alloy Material

Based on the microscopic observations and measurements, the mechanical behavior of the surface-nanocrystallized Al-alloy material at microscale is investigated experimentally and theoretically. In the experimental research, the compressive stress-strain curves and the hardness depth curves are measured. In the theoretical simulation, based on the material microstructure characteristics and the experimental features of the compression and indentation, the microstructure cell models are developed and the strain gradient plasticity theory is adopted. The material compressive stress-strain curves and the hardness depth curves-are predicted and simulated. Through comparison of the experimental results with the simulation results, the material and model parameters are determined.

Effect of Surface Condition of Electrode on the Surface Melting of Material by Laser-Guided Micro-Arc Discharge

This paper studies the surface melting in the atmosphere by YAG laser-guided micro-arc discharge. In three kinds of surface conditions (free, oiled, and polyethylene covered), we try to control the diameter and the power density of discharge pit. It is found that the power density of 3 x 10(6) W/cm(2) of discharge pit on the oiled surface is moderate to form the melted layer thicker than that of the others, adapting to strengthen the surface of material, and the power density of 1.07 x 10(7) W/cm(2) of discharge pit on the polyethylene-covered surface is highest to form the deepest discharge pit among them, adapting to remove the material.

Crack propagation in the power-law nonlinear viscoelastic material

An analysis on crack creep propagation problem of power-law nonlinear viscoelastic materials is presented. The creep incompressilility assumption is used. To simulate fracture behavior of craze region, it is assumed that in the fracture process zone near the crack tip, the cohesive stress sigma(f) acts upon the crack surfaces and resists crack opening. Through a perturbation method, i. e., by superposing the Mode-I applied force onto a referential uniform stress state, which has a trivial solution and gives no effect on the solution of the original problem, the nonlinear viscoelastic problem is reduced to linear problem. For weak nonlinear materials, for which the power-law index n similar or equal to 1, the expressions of stress and crack surface displacement are derived. Then, the fracture process zone local energy criterion is proposed and based on which the formulas of cracking incubation time t

Torsional impact response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded materials with a graded material interlayer

In this paper, the dynamic response of a penny-shaped interface crack in bonded dissimilar homogeneous half-spaces is studied. It is assumed that the two materials are bonded together with such a inhomogeneous interlayer that makes the elastic modulus in the direction perpendicular to the crack surface is continuous throughout the space. The crack surfaces art assumed to be subjected to torsional impact loading. Laplace and Hankel integral transforms are applied combining with a dislocation density,function to reduce the mixed boundary value problem into a singular integral equation with a generalized Cauchy kernel in Laplace domain. By solving the singular integral equation numerically, and using a numerical Laplace inversion technique, the dynamic stress intensity factors art obtained. The influences of material properties and interlayer thickness on the dynamic stress intensity factor are investigated.

The magnetic and structure properties of room-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)N

Diluted magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)N were prepared by the implantation of Mn ions into GaN/Al2O3 substrate. Clear X-ray diffraction peak from (Ga,Mn)N is observed. It indicates that the solid solution (Ga,Mn)N phase was formed with the same lattice structure as GaN and different lattice constant. Magnetic hysteresis-loops of the (Ga,Mn)N were obtained at room temperature (293 K) with the coercivity of about 2496.97 A m(-1). (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comportamiento de dos poblaciones de Moringa oleifera (material acriollado y mejorado PKM1) en sus primeras etapas de crecimiento en condiciones de vivero, UNA, Managua, 2013

El presente trabajo de investigación se estableció entre los meses de Abril- Junio, 2013, en el vivero de la Facultad de Recursos Naturales de la Universidad Nacional Agraria, con la finalidad de evaluar germinación y sobrevivencia de las plántulas, afectaciones por plagas y enfermedades, altura de la planta, diámetro basal del tallo, número de hojas, tasa de crecimiento en función de la altura, longitud de la raíz principal, numero de raíces, diámetro de la raíz principal, peso fresco y seco de la parte aérea de la planta y su raíz de dos poblaciones de Moringa oleifera: acriollada y mejorada PKM1. Se utilizó un Diseño Completamente Aleatorizado con 20 repeticiones para las primeras 8 variables y 8 repeticiones para las 5 últimas variables en ambos tratamientos. Durante el periodo experimental, M. oleifera acriollada presentó un porcentaje de germinación de 98.33% mientras que PKM1 de 78.30%, en cuanto a la sobrevivencia para acriollada fue de 99.43% y la PKM1 de 97.16%. Las dos poblaciones fueron afectadas por Zompopo (Atta. spp) siendo la más afectada PKM1 con él 90% consideradas como susceptibles. Al final de la evaluación se observaron diferencias estadísticas (P <0.05) a favor de Moringa acriollada en: altura de la planta, diámetro basal del tallo, numero de hojas, tasa de crecimiento en función de la altura, longitud de la raíz principal, número de raíces, diámetro de la raíz principal, peso seco de la raíz. El peso seco de la parte aérea no mostró diferencias estadísticas (P <0.05) entre tratamientos. Mediante el análisis se demostró que existe comportamiento diferente de crecimiento entre los tratamientos evaluados, aun cuando el material acriollado exhibió mejores resultados en la mayoría de las variables medidas ambos presentaron un buen comportamiento en la fase de vivero.

Competência material da Comissão de Legislação Participativa

Consultoria Legislativa - Área I - Direito Constitucional, Eleitoral, Municipal, Administrativo, Processo Legislativo e Poder Judiciário.

On crack path stability in a layered material

Crack paths in an elastic layer on top of a substrate are considered. Crack growth is initiated from an edge crack in the layer. The plane of the initially straight crack forms an angle to the free surface. The load consists of a pair of forces applied at the crack mouth and parallel to the interface. Crack paths are calculated using a boundary element method. Crack growth is assumed to proceed along a path for which the mode II stress intensity factor vanishes. The inclination and the length of the initial crack are varied. The effect of two different substrates on the crack path evolution is demonstrated. A crack path initially leading perpendicularly to the interface is shown to be directionally unstable for a rigid substrate. Irrespective of its initial angle, the crack does not reach the interface, but reaches the free surface if the layer is infinitely long. At finite layer length the crack reaches the upper free surface if the initial crack inclination to the surface is small enough. For an inextendable flexible substrate, on the other hand, the crack reaches the interface if its initial inclination is large enough. For the flexible substrate an unstable path parallel with the sides of an infinitely long layer is identified. The results are compared with experimental results and discussed in view of characterisation of directionally unstable crack paths. The energy release rate for an inclined edge crack is determined analytically.