The Economics of State Aid for the Rescue and Restructuring of Firms in Difficulty: Theoretical Considerations, Empirical Analysis and Proposals for Reform. Bruges European Economic Research (BEER) Papers 27/September 2013

State aid for rescue and restructuring (R&R) of companies in difficulty causes a significant distortion of competition. It prevents the market from eliminating inefficient companies. Because of this, the European Commission has to be specially strict when it assesses rescue or restructuring aid. This paper examines recent cases of corporate restructuring partly funded with public money. It explains the main aspects of the current guidelines which are applicable to R&R State Aid and establishes a theoretical framework for the economic assessment of R&R aid. It then analyses decisions adopted by the European Commission concerning R&R state aid during the period 2000-2013. It finds that there is little economic rationale in the granting of R&R aid. The paper concludes by applying the lessons drawn from the empirical analysis to the anticipated revision of the R&R guidelines in the context of the State Aid Modernisation process.

An Investigation of Career Tenure in the European Parliament: Electoral, Party and Individual Considerations. ACES Working Papers, 2012

What explains the length of a Member of the European Parliament’s career? Little evidence of careerism has been uncovered in the European Parliament, particularly when compared to studies of legislator tenure in the U.S. Congress. Due to the different historical contexts in which these two legislatures developed, it seems reasonable to rule out many of the explanations used to account for increasing careerism in Congress in searching for the influences on legislator tenure in the European Parliament. This paper therefore proposes three potential models of careerism in the European Parliament: an electoral systems model, a party model, and an individual model. While the data necessary to test these models has not been fully compiled, this paper outlines the major hypotheses of each model and details plans for the operationalization of all independent and control variables. These models are not intended to be mutually exclusive alternatives, but rather each explanation is expected to influence each MEP in varying degrees.

Some considerations of hazards in the use of lasers for artistic displays /

Mode of access: Internet.

Economic development in Latin America; sociological considerations.

"E/CN.12/646."

Biotechnology in agriculture, 1986-May 1992 : citations from AGRICOLA concerning diseases and other environmental considerations /

"August 1992."

Some empirical-theoretical considerations of uranium nitride in zirconium /

In this paper our method is critically examined to obtain a better understanding of the complexities of the system.

Considerations upon a bill now before Parliament, for repealing (in substance) the whole code of laws respecting the woollen manufacture of Great Britain : and for dissolving the ancient system of apprenticeship, by the abrogation of the laws relating thereto, as far as they respect the clothing trade, in certain counties, mentioned in the said bill.

Mode of access: Internet.

A short inquiry into the policy, humanity and past effects of the poor laws : and into the principles upon which any measures for their improvement should be conducted : in which are included a few considerations on the questions of political oeconomy, most intimately connected with the subject : particularly on the supply of food in England /

Mode of access: Internet.

Assessing biological diversity in the United States : data considerations.

Mode of access: Internet.

Considerations underlying the use of ultrasound to detect gallstones and foreign bodies in tissue.

AD 657 255.

The dolmens of Ireland, their distribution, structural characteristics, and affinities in other countries; together with the folk-lore attaching to them; supplemented by considerations on the anthropology, ethnology, and traditions of the Irish people. With four maps, and eight hundred illustrations, including two coloured plates.

Mode of access: Internet.

Considerations on Negro slavery. With authentic reports, illustrative of the actual condition of the Negroes in Demerara. Also ... in Trinidad.

Mode of access: Internet.

Considerations upon the expediency and the means of establishing a university in the City of New York.

Unbound.

Considerations on miracles; containing the substance of an article in the British Critic, on Mr. Penrose's Treatise on the evidence of the scripture miracles with additions.

Mode of access: Internet.

Considerations suggested by the establishment of a second college in Connecticut.

Supposed to have been written by R. S. Baldwin, according to Dexter, Biog. Sketches of grads. of Yale, v.6, p. 371, and Steiner, Hist. of educ. in Conn., p. 242. Attributed to C. A. Goodrich by Cushing, Anonyms, p. 145. cf. Trinity College, Bibliog. of official pubs., 1824-1905, p. 31.