The Effect of Sexual Abuse on Children's Attachment Representations in Chile.

Child sexual abuse is associated with problems in children's emotional development, particularly increased insecurity of attachment. However, few studies have examined its effect on the organization of attachment representations in preschoolers, and the findings of those that have been conducted have not been entirely consistent. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of child sexual abuse on attachment representation quality in a sample of children 3 to 7 years old in Chile. The results indicate child sexual abuse does affect children's attachment representation quality. The attachment narratives of child sexual abuse victims scored significantly higher than nonvictims on the hyperactivity and disorganization dimensions of attachment. These results are discussed in terms of attachment theory, clinical findings on child sexual abuse, and clinical implications.

Afrontamiento proactivo y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de maestro en la Universidad de Barcelona

Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los estudiantes desempeñan un papel relevanteen su bienestar psicológico. Este trabajo estudia la relación entre las estrategias deafrontamiento y el bienestar psicológico. La muestra está formada por 98 estudiantes de maestroentre 19 y 42 años. Se aplicaron el CRI-A (Moos, 1993) y el BSI (Derogatis y Spencer,1982). Los resultados señalan que cuanto mayor es el uso de estrategias de afrontamientomenor es la presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos, especialmente la solución de problemasy la aceptación. Y cuanto menor es el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento, como la evitacióncognitiva y la descarga emocional, mayores niveles de malestar psicológico. Las estrategias deafrontamiento funcionarían como conductas preventivas frente el estrés psicológico. Se proponea lo largo de los estudios de grado, la inclusión de estrategias de afrontamiento proactivas, como la búsqueda de soporte (mentoring, tutorías entre iguales), la resolución de problemas o la reevaluación positiva.

Afrontamiento proactivo y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de maestro en la Universidad de Barcelona

Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los estudiantes desempeñan un papel relevanteen su bienestar psicológico. Este trabajo estudia la relación entre las estrategias deafrontamiento y el bienestar psicológico. La muestra está formada por 98 estudiantes de maestroentre 19 y 42 años. Se aplicaron el CRI-A (Moos, 1993) y el BSI (Derogatis y Spencer,1982). Los resultados señalan que cuanto mayor es el uso de estrategias de afrontamientomenor es la presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos, especialmente la solución de problemasy la aceptación. Y cuanto menor es el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento, como la evitacióncognitiva y la descarga emocional, mayores niveles de malestar psicológico. Las estrategias deafrontamiento funcionarían como conductas preventivas frente el estrés psicológico. Se proponea lo largo de los estudios de grado, la inclusión de estrategias de afrontamiento proactivas, como la búsqueda de soporte (mentoring, tutorías entre iguales), la resolución de problemas o la reevaluación positiva.

Afrontamiento proactivo y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes de maestro en la Universidad de Barcelona

Las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los estudiantes desempeñan un papel relevanteen su bienestar psicológico. Este trabajo estudia la relación entre las estrategias deafrontamiento y el bienestar psicológico. La muestra está formada por 98 estudiantes de maestroentre 19 y 42 años. Se aplicaron el CRI-A (Moos, 1993) y el BSI (Derogatis y Spencer,1982). Los resultados señalan que cuanto mayor es el uso de estrategias de afrontamientomenor es la presencia de síntomas psicopatológicos, especialmente la solución de problemasy la aceptación. Y cuanto menor es el uso de estrategias de afrontamiento, como la evitacióncognitiva y la descarga emocional, mayores niveles de malestar psicológico. Las estrategias deafrontamiento funcionarían como conductas preventivas frente el estrés psicológico. Se proponea lo largo de los estudios de grado, la inclusión de estrategias de afrontamiento proactivas, como la búsqueda de soporte (mentoring, tutorías entre iguales), la resolución de problemas o la reevaluación positiva.

Entwicklung des Vertriebs von Präservativen in der Schweiz : 1986-2009.

Die Förderung des Präservativgebrauchs beim Geschlechtsverkehr gehört zu den zentralen Elementen der HIV/Aids-Präventionsstrategie in der Schweiz. Die Entwicklung des Zugangs zu Präservativen in der Schweiz wird seit 1986 von der Unité d'Evaluation de Programmes de Prévention des Instituts für Sozial- und Präventivmedizin in Lausanne untersucht. Diese Arbeit erfolgte zunächst im Rahmen der Evaluation der Nationalen HIV/Aids-Präventionsstrategie des BAG und ist seit 2000 Teil des Monitorings dieser Prävention.

Doublecortin cells and neurodegenerative disease

Introduction : Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule associated protein expressed by migrating neural precursors. DCX is also expressed in approximately 4% of all cortical cells in adult normal primate brain. DCX expression is also enhanced locally in response to an acute insult made to the brain. This is thought to play a role in plasticity or neural repair. That being said, it would be interesting to know how the expression of DCX is modified in a more chronic insult, like in neurodegeneration such as in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The aim of my study is to study the expression of DCX cells in the cortex of patients having a neurodegenerative disease, compared to control patients. Method: DCX cells quantification on 9 DCX‐stained 5 μm thick formalin fixed paraffin embedded brain sections: 3 Alzheimer's disease patients, 3 Parkinson's disease patients and 3 control patients. Each patient had several sections that we could stain with different stainings (GALLYA, TAU, DCX). By using a computerized image analysis system (Explora Nova, La Rochelle, France), cortical columns were selected on areas on the cortex with a lot of degeneration subjectively observed on GALLYA stained sections and on TAU stained sections. Then total number of cells was counted on TAU sections, where all nuclei were colored in blue. Then the DCX cells were counted on the corresponding DCX sections. These values were standardized to a reference surface area. The ratio of DCX cells over total cells was then calculated. Results : There is a difference of DCX cell expression between Alzheimer's Disease patients and control patients. The percentage of dcx cells in the cortex of an Alzheimer's patient is around 12.54% ± 2.17%, where as in the cortex of control patients, it is around 5.47% ± 0.83%. On the other hand, there is no significant difference in the ratio of DCX cells over total cells between parkinson's patients and control patients, both having around 5% of DCX cells. Discussion: There is a dramatic increase of DCX expression in AD (12.5%) compared to PD and controls (5.5%). The increase in DCX ratio in AD may have two potential causes: 1.The increased ratio is due to DCX cells being more resistant to degeneration compared to surrounding cells which are degenerating due to AD, leading to the cortical atrophy observed in AD patients. So the decrease of total cells without any change in the number of DCX cells makes the ratio bigger in AD compared to the controls. 2.The increased ratio is due to an actual increase in DCX cells. This means that there is some neural repair to compensate the degenerative process, just like the repair process observed in acute lesions to the brain. This second idea can be integrated in the broader point of view of neuroinflammation. The progression of the disease would trigger neuroinflammation and the process following the primary inflammatory response which is neural repair. So our study can show that the increase in DCX cells is an attempt to repair the degenerated neurons, in the context of neuroinflammation triggered by the physiopathological progression of the disease.

Are the World AIDS Conferences guilty of gender bias? Evidence from trends in the monitoring of WAC scientific discourse from 1989 to 2012

Background : The issue of gender is acknowledged as a key issue for the AIDS epidemic. World AIDS Conferences (WAC) have constituted a major discursive space for the epidemic. We sought to establish the balance regarding gender in the AIDS scientific discourse by following its development in the published proceedings of WAC. Fifteen successive WAC 1989-2012 served to establish a "barometer" of scientific interest in heterosexual and homo/bisexual men and women throughout the epidemic. It was hypothesised that, as in other domains of Sexual and Reproductive Health, heterosexual men would be "forgotten" partners. Method : Abstracts from each conference were entered in electronic form into an Access database. Queries were created to generate five categories of interest and to monitor their annual frequency. All abstract titles including the term "men" or "women" were identified. Collections of synonyms were systematically and iteratively developed in order to classify further abstracts according to whether they included terms referring to "homo/bisexual" or "heterosexual". Reference to "Mother to Child Transmission" (MTCT) was also flagged. Results : The category including "men", but without additional reference to "homo-bisexuel" (i.e. referring to men in general and/or to heterosexual men) consistently appears four times less often than the equivalent category for women. Excluding abstracts on women and MTCT has little impact on this difference. Abstracts including reference to both "men" and "homo-bisexual" emerge as the secondmost frequent category; presence of the equivalent category for women is minimal. Conclusion : The hypothesised absence of heterosexual men in the AIDS discourse was confirmed. Although the relative presence of homo-bisexual men and women as a focal subject may be explained by epidemiological data, this is not so in the case of heterosexual men and women. This imbalance has consequences for HIV prevention.

Bonnes pratiques de promotion de la santé des personnes âgées : développement des théories d'action des interventions = Best Practice Gesundheitsförderung im Alter (BPGF) : Entwicklung von Wirkungsmodellen.

Le projet "Bonnes pratiques de promotion de la santé des personnes âgées" vise à définir des recommandations pour promouvoir la santé des personnes âgées dans les différents cantons suisses adhérents au projet. Cinq instituts suisses ont ainsi été mandatés à produire un rapport faisant état de la situation relative à cinq domaines :- mesures visant à stimuler l'activité physique;- prévention des chutes;- participation du corps médical (médecins de famille);- conseils en matière de santé, manifestations, cours;- accès aux groupes-cibles et outils de recrutement.Dans le but de définir les bases pour une évaluation future des interventions recommandées, le présent rapport, sollicité par Promotion Santé Suisse, détaille le travail effectué avec les équipes responsables de chaque domaine pour élaborer une série de trois synthèses de leur travail, à savoir :- une analyse de la situation en question (problèmes constatés);- une théorie d'action définissant les objectifs intermédiaires et finaux à atteindre à partir des recommandations faites dans leur domaine;- une liste des indicateurs associés aux objectifs prioritaires.Ces synthèses ont été réalisées à l'aide du modèle de catégorisation des résultats de promotion de la santé et de la prévention (SMOC) un outil développé conjointement par les Instituts universitaires de médecine sociale et préventive de Berne et de Lausanne, en collaboration avec Promotion Santé Suisse. Les théories d'action ainsi élaborées ont ensuite été intégrées dans une théorie d'action globale correspondant à l'ensemble du projet " Bonnes pratiques de promotion de la santé des personnes âgées ". [P. 5]

Les aspects sanitaires du travail de la police auprès des consommateurs de drogues

Voir aussi version en allemand: Gesundheitliche Aspekte der Polizeiarbeit im Drogenbereich.