Etiquetado semáforo: estudio del hábito de compras en jugos procesados, en el barrio de San Carlos de la ciudad de Quito

Este estudio presenta una investigación cualitativa y cuantitativa del hábito de compra de jugos y bebidas de frutas envasadas, en el canal tiendas y micro mercados en el barrio San Carlos, parroquia la Concepción de la ciudad de Quito, luego de un año de la vigencia del Reglamento Sanitario Sustitutivo de Etiquetado de Alimentos Procesados para el Consumo Humano desde el mes de agosto del 2014. El objetivo general conocer si los compradores de jugos y bebidas de frutas procesadas del barrio investigado, se fijan en las etiquetas semáforos y si estas influyen en la decisión de su compra. Entre los objetivos específicos propuestos estuvieron: elaborar una síntesis teórica que justifique el estudio del hábito de compra de jugos procesados; adquirir información relevante sobre criterios de elección que utilizan los compradores de jugos y bebidas de frutas procesadas, conocer si observan y cómo reaccionan ante la etiqueta semáforo, saber cuánto influye ésta en el proceso de compra y por último conocer si están conscientes del objetivo del Reglamento Sanitario Sustitutivo de Etiquetado de Alimentos Procesados para el Consumo Humano y si este está cumpliendo con el objetivo por el cual fue emitido. Se aplicaron herramientas de investigación para obtener información clara y concisa, se utilizaron procesos cualitativos como entrevistas, grupos focales y una mesa de análisis sobre el la aplicación del Reglamento, en la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, cuyo aporte radicó en medir y registrar la conducta de todas las partes interesadas respecto del tema. Como método cuantitativo, que demostró los resultados de la investigación de manera descriptiva. El estudio determinó que el público objetivo realiza compras de jugos y bebidas de frutas en las tiendas y micro mercados motivados por factores definidos como el sabor, la comodidad y poder adquirirlo rápidamente en una presentación adecuada, la etiqueta semáforo se ha convertido en un instrumento poco visto y de poca utilidad de acuerdo al comprador. La medida ha significado la reformulación de contenidos de grasas, sal y azúcar en productos procesados y la elaboración de nuevas líneas de alimentos y bebidas light, aumentando la oferta al consumidor. Se propone una “Guía para el estudio de los hábitos de compra de un producto procesado respecto a la etiqueta semáforo”, por la importancia de fortalecer el objetivo de la etiqueta semáforo, con programas de educación en alimentación sana, eliminación del sedentarismo en niños y adultos, entre otros.

Planificación tributaria como herramienta estratégica de aplicación de incentivos tributarios del impuesto a la renta para sociedad del sector industrial textil

El presente trabajo está orientado a la realización de una planificación tributaria como herramienta estratégica de aplicación de incentivos tributarios del impuesto a la renta para sociedad del sector industrial textil, para lo cual se demuestra que es un instrumento legítimo alcanzando niveles de eficacia en la administración de los tributos, contemplando la normativa legal vigente y en donde no se ve sólo a la empresa, sino en un todo, que involucra también a los socios o dueños de las empresas. Se empezará analizando el crecimiento económico del país considerando el sector industrial como actividad productiva, que genera riqueza y empleo, para lo cual se utiliza diferentes indicadores económicos para ver el impacto económico del sector textil en el país, su crecimiento, sus ventas, exportaciones e importaciones. Luego se hará un compendio de la planificación tributaria desde el ámbito teórico, con el fin de tener la base conceptual y entender la planificación con sus objetivos, principios, y procedimiento a seguir en todas sus etapas; como una herramienta eficaz para la toma de decisiones por parte de la administración de las empresas. Culminado este estudio preliminar se considera los beneficios e incentivos tributarios que ofrece el Código Orgánico de la Producción Comercio e Inversiones para el sector manufacturero textil, y otros beneficios tributarios de acuerdo a la Ley de Régimen Tributario Interno, con el propósito de aprovechar adecuadamente los incentivos tributarios, citando su base legal, requisitos y casos prácticos de acuerdo a las características del sector textil y la empresa en estudio. En el siguiente capítulo se analiza la planificación tributaria para una empresa del sector manufacturero textil aplicando los beneficios e incentivos tributarios y cómo afecta en el Impuesto a la Renta causado y el ahorro tributario, que se refleja a través de las etapas de la Planificación tributaria, en donde se muestra el ahorro fiscal que el inversionista obtiene, la utilidad o rentabilidad por el buen manejo de los tributos con el menor riesgo posible, siempre apegados a ley.

A retrospective study of zygomatico-orbital complex and/or zygomatic arch fractures over a 71-month period

Background/Aim: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the epidemiology, treatment, and complications of zygomatico-orbital complex (ZOC) and/or zygomatic arch (ZA) fractures either associated with other facial fractures or not over a 71-month period. Material and methods: This survey was performed in three hospitals of Ribeirao Preto in Sao Paulo, Brazil, from August 2002 to July 2008. The records of 1575 patients with facial trauma were reviewed. There were 140 cases of ZOC and ZA fractures either associated with other facial fractures or not. Data regarding gender, age, race, addictions, day of trauma, etiology, signs and symptoms, oral hygiene condition, day of initial evaluation, hospital admission, day of surgery, surgery approach, pattern of fractures, treatment performed, post-operative antibiotic therapy, day of hospital discharge, and post-operative complications were collected. The data were subjected to descriptive statistical analyses. Results: The most frequent fractures affected Caucasian men and occurred during the fourth decade of life. The most frequent etiology was traffic accident, and symptoms and signs included pain and edema. Type I fractures were the main injury observed, and the treatment of choice was always rigid internal fixation. Post-operative antibiotic therapy was solely employed when there was an indication. Complications were observed in 13.1% of the cases. Conclusions: The treatment protocol yielded suitable post-operative results and also showed success rates comparable to published data around the world.

Immunohistochemical, tomographic and histological study on onlay bone graft remodeling. Part II: calvarial bone

Objectives Little information is available on the molecular events that occur during graft incorporation over time. The calvarial bone (Cb) grafts have been reported to produce greater responses compared with other donor regions in maxillofacial reconstructions, but the scientific evidences for this are still lacking. The objectives of this study are (1) to study the morphological pattern of Cb onlay bone grafts and compare them with the biological events through immunohistochemical responses and (2) to establish the effects of perforations in maintaining the volume and bone density of the receptor bed. Material and methods Sixty New Zealand White rabbits were submitted to Cb onlay bone grafts on the mandible. In 30 rabbits, the receptor bed was perforated (perforated group), while for the remaining animals the bed was kept intact (non-perforated group). Six animals from each group were sacrificed at 5, 7, 10, 20 and 60 days after surgery. Histological sections from the grafted area were prepared for immunohistochemical and histological analyses. Immuno-labeling was found for proteins Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa beta ligand (RANKL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), Type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OC). The tomography examination [computerized tomography (CT) scan] was conducted just after surgery and at the sacrifice. Results The histological findings revealed that the perforations contributed to higher bone deposition during the initial stages at the graft-receptor bed interface, accelerating the graft incorporation process. The results of the CT scan showed lower resorption for the perforated group (P < 0.05), and both groups showed high bone density rates at 60 days. This set of evidences is corroborated by the immunohistochemical outcomes indicating that proteins associated with revascularization and osteogenesis (VEGF, OPN, TRAP and ALP) were found in higher levels in the perforated group. Conclusions These findings indicate that the bone volume of calvarial grafts is better maintained when the receptor bed is perforated, probably resulting from more effective graft revascularization and greater bone deposition. The process of bone resorption peaked between 20 and 60 days post-operatively in both groups although significantly less in the perforated group. To cite this article:Pedrosa Jr WF, Okamoto R, Faria PEP, Arnez MFM, Xavier SP, Salata LA. Immunohistochemical, tomographic and histological study on onlay bone grafts remodeling. Part II: calvarial bone.Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 20, 2009; 1254-1264.doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01747.x.

Metaanalys av vargforskningen i Sverige/Norgemellan åren 2000-2014

Vargens återkomst har gett upphov till olika attitydsyttringar, boende i vargområden är i regel mernegativa till vargen än de som bor utanför dessa områden. Genom att mäta vilka attityder som finnstill varg kan forskare ge incitament till makthavare om hur vargförvaltningen upplevs avallmänheten.Den här studien är en kartläggning av forskningsläget under åren 2000 – 2014 rörande attityder tillvarg i Sverige och Norge. De variabler/grupper av individer som forskare inom området använderför att mäta vem som har vilken attityd är jägare, djurägare, boende på landsbygd utanför vargområde, boende på landsbygd i vargområde, boende i stad med flera. Vi finner att studierna tar uppteorierna social representation, centrum och periferi och NIMBY (Not In My Backyard). Manproblematiserar dessa i varierande grad utifrån de teorier som används. Något vi menar ärproblematiskt då forskningen blir enkelspårig och grund. Vi vill se en bredare problematiseringutifrån de teorier som redan framkommit i forskningen och ifrågasätter varför inte fler teorier ochvariabler undersöks. Vi efterfrågar ett vidare perspektiv där forskaren exempelvis gör tolkningarutifrån olika samhälleliga maktfigurationer.

O poeta de cordel e a Primeira República: a voz visível do popular

Esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o Acervo de Literatura de Cordel do poeta Leandro Gomes de Barros (1865-1918), relacionando seus temas principais aos acontecimentos políticos ocorridos no período conhecido na História do Brasil, como Primeira República. A fala do poeta funcionaria como um contraponto ao que se costuma afirmar sobre esse período, de que haveria um "emudecimento" em relação ao popular, apenas emergindo a voz das elites. O trabalho tenta demonstrar que, ao contrário, através dos poemas, o povo é informado de como funcionava o sistema político da época e que o poeta utilizando-se freqüentemente da paródia, da sátira e da alegoria, apresentava essas questões de maneira a ser facilmente assimiladas e compreendidas por seus leitores.

Atitude do consumidor para com o shopping center como local de compra: um estudo no Shopping Leste - Av. Aricanduva

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, com testes de hipóteses, âmbito do comportamento do consumidor sob a ótica de Marketing, que se inicia com uma revisão da bibliografia a nível mundial e culmina com a pesquisa de campo levada a efeito no Shopping Center Leste - Av. Aricanduva, um shopping regional na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, o maior centro consumidor da América Latina e uma das três cidades maiores do mundo em número de habitantes

Concessão do serviço móvel celular na região metropolitana de São Paulo : um caso de avaliação de investimento

Trata da outorga de concessão de exploração do serviço móvel celular na região metropolitana de São Paulo, parte integrante do PND (Programa Nacional de Desestatização).Realiza uma avaliação financeira de investimento tomado por base perspectivas mercadológicas e parâmetros dos participantes da concorrência pública n 001/96 SFO/MC, a partir de uma modelagem por fluxo de caixa descontado (DCF)

Conhecimento e afeto ecológico: antecedentes do consumo ecológico

O desenvolvimento sustentável é um desafio multidimensional com implicações para todos os setores da sociedade. Do ponto de vista do marketing, a construção de um mercado verde significativo pode ser de grande importância neste desafio. Diante disto, compreender os antecedentes do consumo ecológico lança luz sobre como se dão os comportamentos de consumo ambientalmente orientados, oque pode auxiliar no desenvolvimento de campanhas tanto educativas quanto comerciais. O presente estudo examina a influência de fatores emocionais e cognitivos nos comportamentos de compra ecológica. Para isso, um modelo conceitual foi construído a partir da literatura e submetido à verificação empírica, utilizandose levantamento para coleta de dados e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais para análise. Foi analisada uma amostra de 291 respondentes, levantada por meio eletrônico durante o mês de janeiro de 2010. Os achados desta pesquisa confirmam a emoção e o conhecimento subjetivo como antecedentes do consumo ecológico, mediadas pela atitude referente ao consumo ecológico e pela intenção de se engajar em tal comportamento. Sugestões de pesquisa futura são analisadas com base na teoria de marketing

A systematic component of the jump-risk premium in an AJD model

We develop an affine jump diffusion (AJD) model with the jump-risk premium being determined by both idiosyncratic and systematic sources of risk. While we maintain the classical affine setting of the model, we add a finite set of new state variables that affect the paths of the primitive, under both the actual and the risk-neutral measure, by being related to the primitive's jump process. Those new variables are assumed to be commom to all the primitives. We present simulations to ensure that the model generates the volatility smile and compute the "discounted conditional characteristic function'' transform that permits the pricing of a wide range of derivatives.

Composição florística e estrutura fitossociológica de dois fragmentos de floresta de restinga no Município de Bertioga, SP, Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Leishmanial antigens in the diagnosis of active lesions and ancient scars of American tegumentary leishmaniasis patients

Cutaneous biopsies (n = 94) obtained from 88 patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis were studied by conventional and immunohistochemical techniques. Specimens were distributed as active lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 53) (Group I), cicatricial lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 35) (Group II) and suggestive scars of healed mucosal leishmaniasis patients (n = 6) (Group III). In addition, active cutaneous lesions of other etiology (n = 24) (Group C1) and cutaneous scars not related to leishmaniasis (n = 10) (Group C2) were also included in the protocol. Amastigotes in Group I biopsies were detected by routine histopathological exam (30.2%), imprint (28.2%), culture (43.4%), immunofluorescence (41.4%) and immunoperoxidase (58.5%) techniques; and by the five methods together (79.3%). In Group II, 5.7% of cultures were positive. Leishmanial antigen was also seen in the cytoplasm of macrophages and giant cells (cellular pattern), vessel walls (vascular pattern) and dermal nerves (neural pattern). Positive reaction was detected in 49 (92.5%), 20 (57%) and 4 (67%) biopsies of Groups I, II and III, respectively. Antigen persistency in cicatricial tissue may be related to immunoprotection or, on the contrary, to the development of late lesions. We suggest that the cellular, vascular and neural patterns could be applied in the immunodiagnosis of active and cicatricial lesions in which leishmaniasis is suspected.

Immunohistochemical, tomographic and histological study on onlay bone graft remodeling. Part II: Calvarial bone

Objectives: Little information is available on the molecular events that occur during graft incorporation over time. The calvarial bone (Cb) grafts have been reported to produce greater responses compared with other donor regions in maxillofacial reconstructions, but the scientific evidences for this are still lacking. The objectives of this study are (1) to study the morphological pattern of Cb onlay bone grafts and compare them with the biological events through immunohistochemical responses and (2) to establish the effects of perforations in maintaining the volume and bone density of the receptor bed. Material and methods: Sixty New Zealand White rabbits were submitted to Cb onlay bone grafts on the mandible. In 30 rabbits, the receptor bed was perforated (perforated group), while for the remaining animals the bed was kept intact (non-perforated group). Six animals from each group were sacrificed at 5, 7, 10, 20 and 60 days after surgery. Histological sections from the grafted area were prepared for immunohistochemical and histological analyses. Immuno-labeling was found for proteins Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand (RANKL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), Type I collagen (COL I) and osteocalcin (OC). The tomography examination [computerized tomography (CT) scan] was conducted just after surgery and at the sacrifice. Results: The histological findings revealed that the perforations contributed to higher bone deposition during the initial stages at the graft-receptor bed interface, accelerating the graft incorporation process. The results of the CT scan showed lower resorption for the perforated group (P≤0.05), and both groups showed high bone density rates at 60 days. This set of evidences is corroborated by the immunohistochemical outcomes indicating that proteins associated with revascularization and osteogenesis (VEGF, OPN, TRAP and ALP) were found in higher levels in the perforated group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the bone volume of calvarial grafts is better maintained when the receptor bed is perforated, probably resulting from more effective graft revascularization and greater bone deposition. The process of bone resorption peaked between 20 and 60 days post-operatively in both groups although significantly less in the perforated group. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.