979 resultados para Questionnaires
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Mestrado em Gesto e Avaliao de Tecnologias da Sade
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the validity of three single questions used to assess self-reported hearing loss as compared to pure-tone audiometry in an adult population. METHODS: A validity study was performed with a random sub-sample of 188 subjects aged 30 to 65 years, drawn from the fourth wave of a population-based cohort study carried out in Salvador, Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected in household visits using questionnaires. Three questions were used to separately assess self-reported hearing loss: Q1, "Do you feel you have a hearing loss?"; Q2, "In general, would you say your hearing is 'excellent,' 'very good,' 'good,' 'fair,' 'poor'?"; Q3, "Currently, do you think you can hear 'the same as before', 'less than before only in the right ear', 'less than before only in the left ear', 'less than before in both ears'?". Measures of accuracy were estimated through seven measures including Youden index. Responses to each question were compared to the results of pure-tone audiometry to estimate accuracy measures. RESULTS: The estimated sensitivity and specificity were 79.6%, 77.4% for Q1; 66.9%, 85.1% for Q2; and 81.5%, 76.4% for Q3, respectively. The Youden index ranged from 51.9% (Q2) to 57.0% (Q1) and 57.9% (Q3). CONCLUSIONS: Each of all three questions provides responses accurate enough to support their use to assess self-reported hearing loss in epidemiological studies with adult populations when pure-tone audiometry is not feasible.
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O envelhecimento progressivo da populao idosa, com aumento de prevalncia de doenas crnicas, est associado a um aumento da prevalncia de deteriorao funcional, dependncia, admisses hospitalares, e maior morbilidade e mortalidade. nosso objetivo sinalizar a estrutura da avaliao geritrica global integrada e a demonstrao da sua eficincia na prtica clinica. A avaliao geritrica global integrada (AGGI) constitui desejavelmente uma prtica multidimensional, sistemtica, de caracterizao do estado clnico, nutricional, funcional, qualidade de vida e aspectos sociais em pessoas idosas. A equipa de profissionais que a elaboram dever ser multiprofissional de acordo com a diversidade de competncias necessrias para uma avaliao que, a nvel hospitalar, ser efetuada na admisso e na alta do doente. Recomenda-se que seja protocolada em todas as instituies, que haja um registo nico, onde todos os profissionais possam colocar as suas observaes, constituindo uma forma eficiente de informao entre os intervenientes profissionais, os seus pares e os doentes e suas redes de apoio. A utilizao de questionrios de risco validados constitui uma mais valia na deteo de risco ou de situaes j alteradas mas subnotificadas e no planeamento da sua interveno. Aps a realizao da AGGI, dever ser delineada e registada uma estratgia de interveno, com o estabelecimento de objetivos a curto e a longo prazo, a serem monitorizados e ajustados, de acordo com a necessidade. A evidncia cientfica tem demonstrado que a prtica da AGGI constitui um mtodo eficaz na reduo da morbilidade e mortalidade em indivduos idosos.
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalences of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis in inmates. METHODS: Observational study was carried out with inmates of a prison and a jail in the State of So Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, between March and December of 2008. Questionnaires were used to collect sociodemographic and epidemiological data. Tuberculin skin testing was administered (PPD-RT23-2TU/0.1 mL), and the following laboratory tests were also performed: sputum smear examination, sputum culture, identification of strains isolated and drug susceptibility testing. The variables were compared using Pearson's chi-square (Χ2) association test, Fisher's exact test and the proportion test. RESULTS: Of the 2,435 inmates interviewed, 2,237 (91.9%) agreed to submit to tuberculin skin testing and of these, 73.0% had positive reactions. The prevalence of tuberculosis was 830.6 per 100,000 inmates. The coefficients of prevalence were 1,029.5/100,000 for inmates of the prison and 525.7/100,000 for inmates of the jail. The sociodemographic characteristics of the inmates in the two groups studied were similar; most of the inmates were young and single with little schooling. The epidemiological characteristics differed between the prison units, with the number of cases of previous tuberculosis and of previous contact with the disease greater in the prison and coughing, expectoration and smoking more common in the jail. Among the 20 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains identified, 95.0% were sensitive to anti-tuberculosis drugs, and 5.0% were resistant to streptomycin. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalences of tuberculosis and latent tuberculosis were higher in the incarcerated population than in the general population, and they were also higher in the prison than in the jail.
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Dissertao apresentada Escola Superior de Educao de Lisboa para obteno de grau de mestre em Educao Artstica, na especializao de Teatro na Educao
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Mestrado em Fisioterapia
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OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a short health literacy assessment tool for Portuguese-speaking adults. METHODS: The Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults is an assessment tool which consists of 50 items that assess an individual's ability to correctly pronounce and understand common medical terms. We evaluated the instrument's psychometric properties in a convenience sample of 226 Brazilian older adults. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the tool scores with years of schooling, self-reported literacy, and global cognitive functioning. Discrimination validity was assessed by testing the tool's accuracy in detecting inadequate health literacy, defined as failure to fully understand standard medical prescriptions. RESULTS: Moderate to high correlations were found in the assessment of construct validity (Spearman's coefficients ranging from 0.63 to 0.76). The instrument showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.93) and adequate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.95). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detection of inadequate health literacy was 0.82. A version consisting of 18 items was tested and showed similar psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument developed showed good validity and reliability in a sample of Brazilian older adults. It can be used in research and clinical settings for screening inadequate health literacy.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilian adolescents and identify higher-risk subgroups. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Searches were performed using four databases (LILACS, MEDLINE /PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), specialized websites and the references cited in retrieved articles. The search was done in English and Portuguese and there was no limit on the year of publication (up to June 2011). From the search, 59 studies met all the inclusion criteria: to involve Brazilian adolescents aged 10-19 years; to assess the prevalence of alcohol and/or tobacco use; to use questionnaires or structured interviews to measure the variables of interest; and to be a school or population-based study that used methodological procedures to ensure representativeness of the target population (i.e. random sampling). RESULTS: The prevalence of current alcohol use (at the time of the investigation or in the previous month) ranged from 23.0% to 67.7%. The mean prevalence was 34.9% (reflecting the central trend of the estimates found in the studies). The prevalence of current tobacco use ranged from 2.4% to 22.0%, and the mean prevalence was 9.3%. A large proportion of the studies estimated prevalences of frequent alcohol use (66.7%) and heavy alcohol use (36.8%) of more than 10%. However, most studies found prevalences of frequent and heavy tobacco use of less than 10%. The Brazilian literature has highlighted that environmental factors (religiosity, working conditions, and substance use among family and friends) and psychosocial factors (such as conflicts with parents and feelings of negativeness and loneliness) are associated with the tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that consumption of alcohol and tobacco among adolescents has reached alarming prevalences in various localities in Brazil. Since unhealthy behavior tends to continue from adolescence into adulthood, public policies aimed towards reducing alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilians over the medium and long terms may direct young people and the subgroups at higher risk towards such behavior.
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Relatrio de estgio apresentado Escola Superior de Educao de Lisboa para obteno de grau de mestre em Ensino da Educao Visual e Tecnolgica no Ensino Bsico
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Dissertao apresentada Escola Superior de Comunicao Social como parte dos requisitos para obteno de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.
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I (Prtica pedaggica)- Esta seco do Relatrio de Estgio pretende apresentar elementos referentes ao Estgio do Ensino Especializado da Msica no ensino do saxofone, efectuado na Escola de Msica Lus Antnio Maldonado Rodrigues, no ano lectivo 2012/2013. Neste estgio foram envolvidos e analisados trs alunos, em nveis distintos de desenvolvimento, mas com orientaes semelhantes no que respeita organizao do trabalho. Para cada aluno foram realizados trinta planos de aula, uma planificao anual e trs gravaes vdeo/udio em contexto de sala de aula, permitindo uma anlise e reflexo mais profunda do trabalho docente. A seco composta pela caracterizao da escola onde se realizou o estgio, atravs da sua contextualizao/funcionamento, dos seus espaos e equipamentos, recursos humanos existentes e organizao pedaggica. Posteriormente efectuada a caracterizao dos trs alunos envolvidos no estgio, baseada na experincia docente e nos conhecimentos fornecidos pelas Unidades Curriculares do Mestrado em Ensino da Msica. Seguidamente descrevem-se as prticas lectivas desenvolvidas ao longo do ano lectivo por parte do docente, incorporando linhas orientadoras da docncia aplicadas na prtica pedaggica. feita uma anlise crtica da actividade docente no mbito do estgio do Ensino Especializado da Msica, e, por ltimo, uma concluso desta primeira seco. .
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I (Prtica Pedaggica) - Neste relatrio de estgio apresenta-se uma caracterizao do CRP, contextualizando um pouco da sua histria, o seu funcionamento e os seus objetivos pedaggicos. Caracterizam-se, tambm, os alunos que participaram no estgio, destacando o seu percurso acadmico, as suas influncias e motivaes musicais. Nas prticas educativas desenvolvidas apresentam-se os princpios pedaggicos, segundo o portal Ponazapino, e os mtodos de ensino lecionados durante o ano letivo que tiveram em conta o processo integrado de Ensino/Aprendizagem (Teaching and Learning). Por ltimo apresentam-se os objetivos pedaggicos propostos para cada aluno do estgio. No final efetua-se uma anlise crtica da atividade docente destacando o processo ensino/aprendizagem, a sua aplicao e benefcios no desenvolvimento integral do indivduo.
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Mestrado em Gesto e Empreendedorismo
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In this paper, we intend to present some research carried out in a state Primary school, which is very well-equipped with ICT resources, including interactive whiteboards. The interactive whiteboard was used in the context of a Unit of Work for English learning, based on a traditional oral story, Jack and the Beanstalk. It was also used for reinforcing other topics like, At the beach, In the city, Jobs, etc. An analysis of the use of the digital board, which includes observation records as well as questionnaires for teachers and pupils, was carried out.
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The workforce in organizations today is becoming increasingly diverse. Consequently the role of diversity management is heavily discussed with respect to the question how diversity influences the productivity of a group. Empirical studies show that on one hand there is a potential for increasing productivity but on the other hand it might be as well that conflicts arise due to the heterogeneity of the group. Usually according empirical studies are based on interviews, questionnaires and/or observations. These methods imply that answers are highly selective and filtered. In order to make the invisible visible, to have access to mental models of team members the paper will present an empirical study on the self-understanding of groups based on an innovative research method, called mind-scripting.
