L’exploration du modèle des vies saines auprès de détenus dans un milieu de réinsertion sociale encadré par un modèle de gestion du risque.

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maîtrise (M. Sc.) en criminologie option intervention.

Expulsion d’etrangers et Convention européenne des droits de l’homme Le risque de mauvais traitements dans l’Etat de destinatio

El Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos no impugnó nunca el derecho de los Estados de expulsar extranjeros por distintas razones en la medida en que naturalmente un Estado parte del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos sigue ejerciendo su soberanía en su territorio. No obstante, este derecho debe conciliarse con la obligación de los Estados partes del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos de no exponer a los extranjeros y, en general, a las personas dependientes de su jurisdicción a riesgos de violación de las disposiciones del Convenio.Procurar que ningún derecho consagrado por el Convenio se viole con motivo de una expulsión es, sin embargo, una tarea un tanto pesada de asumir, ya que eso podría terminar por invalidar el derecho soberano de los Estados a expulsar de su territorio a extranjeros. El Tribunal de Estrasburgo retiene sobre todo un único riesgo de violación: el del artículo 3º del Convenio, según el cual se prohíben las penas y tratos inhumanos o degradantes y, a fortiori, los actos de tortura. Su jurisprudencia, abundante y rica en matices, en este marco, ha llevado a examinar las condiciones de protección de los derechos humanos en todo Estado hacia el cual un extranjero sea (o haya sido) expulsado

Impact de la violence politique sur la santé mentale des jeunes adolescents en Colombie. Analyse des facteurs de risque et de protection

El objetivo de esta investigación es examinar desde una perspectiva ecológica la salud mental de los adolescentes desplazados por la violencia política en Colombia. Se tomó como base el modelo ecológico integrado del impacto del trauma de Elbedour, ten Bensel y Bastien (1993), que estipula la influencia combinada de diferentes niveles de factores unidos a la experiencia traumática, factores individuales y factores proximales que vienen de la familia, y de los factores sociales de la red social familiar. El estudio se realizó con 98 jóvenes en edades entre los 9 a 16 años (M= 12.5 años, dt= 2.18), habitantes de las afueras de Barranquilla, de los cuales 48 son desplazados por la violencia (26 de sexo masculino, 22 de sexo femenino) y 50 son sedentarios pobres (26 de sexo masculino, 24 de sexo femenino). Los cuestionarios se escogieron en función de su utilización en contextos de pobreza y/o violencia (Macksoud, 1992; Macksoud & Aber, 1996; Macksoud, Aber, Dyregrov & Raundalen, 1990). Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes desplazados son más deprimidos y ansiosos que sus pares sedentarios. La ansiedad está unida al número total de eventos traumáticos, mientras que la depresión se explica más bien por la separación de los padres. Las competencias sociales y el ambiente social actúan como factores protectores. Entre los factores del ambiente social se observa el hecho de vivir en una familia extensa y de inscribirse en una red social que incluye a los amigos de la familia.  En su conjunto, la familia y la preservación de su unidad aparecen como elementos cruciales.

Mondialisation et développement: un regard de l'Amérique Latine et des Caraïbes

Inclut la bibliographie

Resoluciones y decisiones de la CEPAL y sus organismos subsidiarios que traen consecuencias para el CDCC = Action taken on CDCC resolutions and those of ECLAC, ECOSOC and the United Nations General Assembly with implications for CDCC = Actions relatives aux résolutions du CDCC et a celles de la CEPALC, du Conseil Economique et Social et de l'Assemblée Générale des Nations Unies ayant des incidences sur le CDCC

Revisa las acciones tomadas en relacion con las resoluciones del CDCC y aquellas de la CEPAL, Consejo Economico y Social y Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas con implicancias para el CDCC.

Action taken on CDCC resolutions and resolutions of ECLAC and other United Nations bodies with implications for CDCC = Actions relatives aux résolutions du CDCC de la CEPALC et d'autres organismes des Nations Unies ayant des incidences sur le CDCC

Revisa las acciones seguidas en relacion con resoluciones del CDCC, la CEPAL y otros organismos de Naciones Unidas, con repercusiones para el CDCC.

Metabolism and actions of 2 -chloro-2$\sp\prime$-fluoro-arabinosyladenine

2-Chloro-9-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-$\beta $-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine(Cl-F-ara-A) is a new deoxyadenosine analogue which is resistant to phosphorolytic cleavage and deamination, and exhibits therapeutic activity for both leukemia and solid tumors in experimental systems. To characterize its mechanism of cytotoxicity, the present study investigated the cellular pharmacology and the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of Cl-F-ara-A, from entrance of the drug into the cell, chemical changes to active metabolites, targeting on different cellular enzymes, to final programmed cell death response to the drug treatment.^ Cl-F-ara-A exhibited potent inhibitory action on DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent and irreversible manner. The mono-, di-, and triphosphates of Cl-F-ara-A accumulated in cells, and their elimination was non-linear with a prolonged terminal phase, which resulted in prolonged dNTP depression. Ribonucleotide reductase activity was inversely correlated with the cellular Cl-F-ara-ATP level, and the inhibition of the reductase was saturated at higher cellular Cl-F-ara-ATP concentrations. The sustained inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase and the consequent depletion of deoxynucleotide triphosphate pools result in a cellular Cl-F-ara-ATP to dATP ratio which favors analogue incorporation into DNA.^ Incubation of CCRF-CEM cells with Cl-F-ara-A resulted in the incorporation of Cl-F-ara-AMP into DNA. A much lesser amount was associated with RNA, suggesting that Cl-F-ara-A is a more DNA-directed compound. The site of Cl-F-ara-AMP in DNA was related to the ratio of the cellular concentrations of the analogue triphosphate and the natural substrate dATP. Clonogenicity assays showed a strong inverse correlation between cell survival and Cl-F-ara-AMP incorporation into DNA, suggesting that the incorporation of Cl-F-ara-A monophosphate into DNA is critical for the cytotoxicity of Cl-F-ara-A.^ Cl-F-ara-ATP competed with dATP for incorporation into the A-site of the extending DNA strand catalyzed by both DNA polymerase $\alpha$ and $\varepsilon$. The incorporation of Cl-F-ara-AMP into DNA resulted in termination of DNA strand elongation, with the most pronounced effect being observed at Cl-F-ara-ATP:dATP ratio $>$1. The presence of Cl-F-ara-AMP at the 3$\sp\prime$-terminus of DNA also resulted in an increased incidence of nucleotide misincorporation in the following nucleotide position. The DNA termination and the nucleotide misincorporation induced by the incorporation of Cl-F-ara-AMP into DNA may contribute to the cytotoxicity of Cl-F-ara-A. ^

L'évolution des voix/voies de femmes dans leurs écrits sur l'Église aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles

Feminist movements have allowed many female authors to become decisive and influential figures in literary history by studying their experiences, voices and forms of resistance. This thesis, however, focuses specifically on religious women, those seeking divine comfort outside the confines of institutional laws, or those who, out of protest, are caught in the middle. Founded on historical and feminist perspectives, this study examines the heterodox resistance of six French women living within or outside of Church boundaries during the 17th and 18th centuries: two eras that are particularly significant for women’s progress and modernity. This work strives to demonstrate how these women, doubly subjected to Church discourse and that of society, managed to live out their vocation (female and Christian) and make social, cultural and religious statements that contributed to changing the place of women in society. It aims to grasp the similarities and differences between the actions and ideas of women belonging to both the religious and secular spheres. Regardless of the century, the space and their background, women resist to masculine, patriarchal, ecclesial, political and social mediation and institutions. In locating examples of how they oppose the practices, rules and constraints that are imposed upon them, as well as of their exclusion from the socio-political space, this thesis also seeks to identify epistemological changes that mark the transition from the 17th to the 18th century. This thesis firstly outlines the necessary feminist theory upon which the project is based before identifying the evolution of women’s positions within the socio-ideological and political framework in which they lived. The questions of confession and spiritual direction are of particular interest since they serve as prime examples of masculine mediation and its issues and consequences – most notably the control of the female body and mind. The illustration of bodily metamorphoses bear testament to ideological changes, cultural awareness and female subjectivity, just as the scriptural inscriptions of unorthodox ideas and writing. The female body, both object and subject of the quest for individual and collective liberties, attests, in this way, to the movement towards Enlightenment values of freedom and justice.