Puunjalostuskonsernin voiteluhuollon analysoiminen ja kehittäminen

Diplomityön tarkoituksena on analysoida ja kehittää erään puunjalostuskonsernin voiteluhuoltoa. Tutkimuksen kirjallisessa osassa on selvitetty voitelun perusteet, voiteluaineet sekä voiteluhuoltoon liittyviä yleisiä käsitteitä ja termejä. Työssä on selvitetty ohjeita voiteluaineiden valintaan ja voiteluöljyjen kunnonvalvontamenetelmiin sekä selvitetty voiteluaineiden puhtauden merkitystä. Lisäksi on esitetty katselmus eri voitelumekanismista. Näiden sovellusesimerkkinä on laskettu paperikoneen kuivaussylinterin laakerin voitelukalvon ominaispaksuus. Osan lopussa on tutkittu voiteluaineiden varastoinnin ja käytettyjen voiteluaineiden jatkokäsittelyn merkitystä ympäristöasiat huomioiden. Soveltavassa osassa on edellistä hyödyntäen analysoitu puunjalostuskonsernin yksitoista eri paikkakuntaa voiteluhuollon toimivuuden kannalta. Tämä tilastollinen tieto on kerätty sekä kyselykaavakkeen avulla että haastattelemalla jokaisen paikkakunnan voiteluhuollon asiantuntijoita. Lopputuloksena on saatu voiteluhuollon kehityskohteet ja SWOT-analyysit paikkakunnittain sekä yhteenveto voiteluhuollon eri toimintojen parhaimmista käytännöistä. Lisäksi analyysin perusteella laadittiin konsernin voiteluhuollon kehityssuunnitelma.

Triterpenos isolados de Eschweilera longipes miers (Lecythidaceae)

The phytochemical studies of Eschweilera longipes have led to the identification of ten triterpenoids: fridelin, fridelinol, alpha-amirin, beta-amirin, 3beta-O-cinamoyl-alpha-amirin, 3beta-O-cinamoyl-beta-amirin, alpha-amirenone, beta-amirenone, 3-alpha-hidroxi-lupeol, 3-alpha-hidroxi-taraxasterol, along with b-sitosterol, stigmasterol, alpha -tocopherol and tocotrienol. The structures of these compounds were identified by analysis of IR, ¹H and 13C NMR data and comparison with values of literature.

Química orgânica experimental: integração de teoria, experimento e análise

A new approach for teaching in basic experimental organic chemistry is presented. Experimental work goes on parallel to theoretical lectures leading to an immediate application of theoretical concepts transmitted therein. One day/week is dedicated exclusively to the organic laboratory. Reactions are proposed as problems to be solved; the student has to deduce the structure of the product on the basis of his observations, the analytical data and his mechanistical knowledge. 70 different experiments, divided in 7 thematical chapters, are presented. All experiments require the analysis and discussion of 1H and 13C NMR, IR and UV spectra. Additional questions about each reaction have to be answered by the student in his written report. Laboratory safety is garanteed by the exclusion or substitution of hazardous and toxic reagents. Microscale preparations are adopted in most cases to lower the cost of materials and the amount of waste. Recycling of many reaction products as starting materials in other experiments reduces the need for commercial reagents and allows the execution of longer reaction sequences. Only unexpensive standard laboratory equipment and simple glassware are required. All experiments include instructions for the save treatment or disposal of chemical waste.

Synthesis of 2-(alkylamino)-1-phenylethane-1-thiosulfuric acids, potential schistosomicides

The total synthesis of seven here-to-fore unreported aromatic aminoalkanethiosulfuric acids, their physical properties and those of the aminoalcohol and bromoalkanamine intermediates are reported. All structures were established by including ¹H and 13C NMR, IR and MS spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

Triterpenos da resina de Protium heptaphyllum March (B0urseraceae): caracterização em misturas binárias

Eight triterpenes, maniladiol, breine, ursa-9(11):12-dien-3beta-ol, oleana-9(11):12-dien-3beta-ol, 3alpha-hydroxy-tirucalla-8,24-dien-21-oic acid, 3alpha-hydroxy-tirucalla-7,24-dien-21-oic, alpha and beta amyrines were isolated as binary mixtures obtained from the chloroform extract of the oil-resin of Protium heptaphyllum March. The identification of the compounds was based mainly in 13C NMR data and mass spectra. The diene and the tetracyclic acid triterpenes were not reported before in the literature as constituents of the studied resin.

Metabólitos secundários de Protium heptaphyllum march

Phytochemical investigation of the resin, fruits, leaves, and trunk of Protium heptaphyllum led to the isolation of the monoterpene p-menth-3-ene-1,2,8-triol, alpha and beta amyrin, quercetin, brein, quercetin-3-O-rhamnosyl, (-) catechin and scopoletin. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and comparison with published data.

Reação de bis-inserção de 1,2-difenilacetileno na ligação Pd-C de ciclometalados

The present paper deals with the bis-insertion reactions of 1,2-diphenylacetylene into Pd-C bond of the cyclopalladated complexes [Pd(dmba)(µ-NCO)]2 (1) and [Pd(dmba)(MeCN)2](NO3) (2) (dmba = N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, MeCN = acetonitrile). Two new complexes [Pd{PhC=CPh-CPh=CPhC6H4CH2N(CH 3)2}(NCO)] (3) and [Pd{PhC=CPh-CPh=CPhC6H4CH2N(CH 3)2}(NO3 )] (4) were obtained and characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

Constituintes químicos de Ottonia corcovadensis Miq. da floresta Amazônica: atribuição dos deslocamentos químicos dos átomos de hidrogênio e carbono

In an ethanolic extract of leaves of Ottonia corcovadensis (Piperaceae) were identified sixteen terpenoids of essential oil and the three flavonoids 3',4',5,5',7-pentamethoxyflavone (1), 3',4',5,7-tetramethoxyflavone (2) and 5-hydroxy-3',4',5',7-tetramethoxyflavone (3) and cafeic acid (4). Two amides (5 and 6) were isolated from an ethanolic extract of the roots. The structures were established by spectral analysis, meanly NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectra. Extensive NMR analysis was also used to complete ¹H and 13C chemical shift assignments of the flavonoids and amides. The components of the essential oil were identified by computer library search, retention indices and visual interpretation of mass spectra.

Derivado cinamoílico com atividade no reparo de DNA e outras substâncias de Cinnamomum australe (Lauraceae)

The bioactive compound trans-3'-methylsulphonylallyl trans-cinnamate (1) along with the inactives iryelliptin (2) and (7R,8S,1'S)-delta8'-3',5'-dimethoxy-1',4'-dihydro-4'-oxo-7.0.2',8.1'-neolignan (3) were isolated from the leaves of Cinnamomum australe. The structures of these compounds were assigned by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR data and comparison with data registered in the literature for these compounds. The DNA-damaging activity of 1 is being described for the first time.

Síntese, caracterização e propriedades espectroscópicas de criptatos de lantanídeo do tipo [LnÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2(3+)]

This work reports on the synthesis, characterization (infrared and hidrogen nmr spectra) and photophysical properties (luminescence spectra and emission quantum yield) of the lanthanide cryptates [LnÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2]3+ with Ln = Eu3+, Tb3+ or Gd3+, which can be applied as efficient Light-Conversion-Molecular-Devices. From emission spectra of [EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2]3+ it was possible to assign C3 symmetry to the metal ion. The spectroscopic studies show a higher emission quantum yield (q=25%) for [TbÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et) 2]3+ in aqueous solution, whereas the europium cryptate presents q=14%. This is justified by a more efficient energy transfer between triplet and emission levels of terbium (T->5D4).

The role of fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FABMS) in cluster characterization

Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy has been used to study a large number of cationic phosphine-containing transition-metal-gold clusters, which ranged in mass from 1000 to 4000. Many of these clusters have been previously characterized and were examined in order to test the usefulness of the FABMS technique. Results showed that FABMS is excellent in giving the correct molecular formula and when combined with NMR, IR, and microanalysis gave a reliable characterization for cationic clusters¹. Recently FABMS has become one of the techniques employed as routine in cluster characterization2,3 and also is an effective tool for the structure analysis of large biomolecules4. Some results in the present work reinforce the importance of these data in the characterization of clusters in the absence of crystals with quality for X-ray analysis.

Saponinas triterpênicas de Tocoyena brasiliensis Mart. (Rubiaceae)

The present communication reports the isolation and identification of four triterpenoid saponins from the chloroform extract of the leaves of Tocoyena brasiliensis: 3-O-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl quinovic acid, 3-O-beta-D-quinovopyranosyl cincholic acid, 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl quinovic acid and the 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester derivative of quinovic acid as binary mixtures, respectively. From the ethanol extract a flavonoid identified as ramnazin-3-O-rutinoside was obtained. The structures of these compounds were assigned by data analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectrometry and comparison with data recorded in the literature for these compounds.

Síntese e caracterização de novos complexos de platina (II) com ligantes derivados do furano e nitrofurano

Platinum (II) complexes, for example, cisplatin and carboplatin, have been used as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various types of cancer. Several other complexes of this metallic ion are also under clinical evaluation. This work describes the synthesis of five new platinum (II) complexes having furan and 5-nitrofuran derivatives and chloride as ligands. The compounds were characterized by NMR, IR and elemental analysis.

Síntese de aliloxi-orto-iodobenzamida derivada de d-glicose e reação de ciclização radicalar mediada por hidreto de tri-n-butilestanho

Methyl 6-O-allyl-2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-deoxy-4-(2 -iodobenzoylamine)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside was synthesized in nine conventional steps from methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Its Bu3SnH-mediated aryl radical cyclization provided a benzomacrolactam, resulting from 11-endo aryl radical cyclization and the reduced uncyclized product methyl 6-O-allyl-4-benzoylamine-2,3-di-O-benzyl-4-deoxy- alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The structures of the three new products were supported by ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and DEPT, COSY and HMQC experiments.

Síntese e caracterização de um novo complexo de platina (IV) a partir de seu análogo de platina (II) utilizando iodo molecular como agente oxidante: uma rota sintética interessante para obtenção de novos complexos de platina

In an attempt to reduce toxicity and widen the spectrum of activity of cisplatin and its analogues, much attention has been focused on designing new platinum complexes. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel compounds of the platinum (II) and platinum (IV) containing 2-furoic hydrazide acid and iodide as ligands. Although the prepared compounds do not present the classical structure of biologically active platinum analogues, they could be potentially active or useful as precursors to prepare antitumor platinum complexes. The reported compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, 13C NMR, 195Pt NMR, IR and elemental analyses.