Remembering the Peel Island Lazaret through re-imagining the Teerk Roo Ra forest

This paper discusses my current research which aims to re-member the site of the Peel Island Lazaret through re-imagining the Teerk Roo Ra forest as a series of animated artworks. Teerk Roo Ra National Park (formally known as Peel Island) is a small island in Moreton Bay, Queensland and is visible on the ferry journey from Cleveland to Stradbroke Island. The island has an intriguing history, and is the site of a former Lazaret and quarantine station. The Lazaret treated patients diagnosed with Hansen’s disease (or Leprosy), and operated between 1907 and 1959. In this paper I will discuss conceptions of the non-indigenous historical context of the Peel Island Lazaret and the notion of the liminal state (Turner,1967). Through this discussion conceptions of place from Australian cultural theorist Ross Gibson are also examined. The concept of two overlapping realms is then explored through the clues and shared stories about the people who inhabited the site. There is then an explanation of my own approach to re-member this place through re-imagining the forest that witnessed the events of the Lazaret. I then draw on theories of the uncanny from German Psychiatrist Ernst Jentsch, Austrian Neurologist Sigmund Freud and South African animation theorist Meg Rickards to argue that my experience of the forest of Teerk Roo Ra was an uncanny experience where two worlds or states of mind existed simultaneously and overlapped, causing a viscerally unsettling uncanny experience. Through an analysis of Czech Surrealist Animator Jan Švankmajer’s cinematic narrative Down to the cellar (1982), my creative work Structure #24(2011), and Australian Artist Patricia Piccinini’s cinematic artwork The Gathering (2007), I discuss the situation of the inanimate and the animate co-existing simultaneously. Using this approach I propose an understanding of the uncanny as an intellectual uncertainty as outlined by Jentsch (1906). I also develop the notion of the familiar being concealed and becoming unfamiliar through mimicry (Freud, 1919). These discussions form an introduction to my creative work Nocturne #5(2014) which re-members the forests of Teerk Roo Ra as an uncanny place primarily expressed through animation.

Transcending disciplinary, cultural and national boundaries: Emergent technologies, new education landscape and the cloud workshop project

As technology continues to become more accessible, miniaturised and diffused into the environment, the potential of wearable technology to impact our lives in significant ways becomes increasingly viable. Wearables afford unique interaction, communication and functional capabilities between users, their environment as well as access to information and digital data. Wearables also demand an inter-disciplinary approach and, depending on the purpose, can be fashioned to transcend cultural, national and spatial boundaries. This paper presents the Cloud Workshop project based on the theme of ‘Wearables and Wellbeing; Enriching connections between citizens in the Asia-Pacific region’, initiated through a cooperative partnership between Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) and Griffith University (GU). The project was unique due to its inter-disciplinary, inter-cultural and inter-national scope that occurred simultaneously between Australia and Hong Kong.

Understanding video based parent training intervention for children with autism

This paper investigates the challenges of delivering parent training intervention for autism over video. We conducted a qualitative field study of an intervention, which is based on a well-established training program for parents of children with autism, called Hanen More Than Words. The study was conducted with a Hanen Certified speech pathologist who delivered video based training to two mothers, each with a son having autism. We conducted observations of 14 sessions of the intervention spanning 3 months along with 3 semi-structured interviews with each participant. We identified different activities that participants performed across different sessions and analysed them based upon their implications on technology. We found that all the participants welcomed video based training but they also faced several difficulties, particularly in establishing rapport with other participants, inviting equal participation, and in observing and providing feedback on parent-child interactions. Finally, we reflect on our findings and motivate further investigations by defining three design sensitivities of Adaptation, Group Participation, and Physical Setup.

Co-distribution and co-infection of chikungunya and dengue viruses

BACKGROUND Chikungunya and dengue infections are spatio-temporally related. The current review aims to determine the geographic limits of chikungunya, dengue and the principal mosquito vectors for both viruses and to synthesise current epidemiological understanding of their co-distribution. METHODS Three biomedical databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) were searched from their inception until May 2015 for studies that reported concurrent detection of chikungunya and dengue viruses in the same patient. Additionally, data from WHO, CDC and Healthmap alerts were extracted to create up-to-date global distribution maps for both dengue and chikungunya. RESULTS Evidence for chikungunya-dengue co-infection has been found in Angola, Gabon, India, Madagascar, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Saint Martin, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand and Yemen; these constitute only 13 out of the 98 countries/territories where both chikungunya and dengue epidemic/endemic transmission have been reported. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the true extent of chikungunya-dengue co-infection is hampered by current diagnosis largely based on their similar symptoms. Heightened awareness of chikungunya among the public and public health practitioners in the advent of the ongoing outbreak in the Americas can be expected to improve diagnostic rigour. Maps generated from the newly compiled lists of the geographic distribution of both pathogens and vectors represent the current geographical limits of chikungunya and dengue, as well as the countries/territories at risk of future incursion by both viruses. These describe regions of co-endemicity in which lab-based diagnosis of suspected cases is of higher priority.

ERAP2 functional knockout in humans does not alter surface heavy chains or HLA-B27, inflammatory cytokines or endoplasmic reticulum stress markers

Introduction Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ERAP2 are strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). One AS-associated single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2248374, causes a truncated ERAP2 protein that is degraded by nonsense-mediated decay. Approximately 25% of the populations of European ancestry are therefore natural ERAP2 knockouts. We investigated the effect of this associated variant on HLA class I allele presentation, surface heavy chains, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers and cytokine gene transcription in AS. Methods Patients with AS and healthy controls with either AA or GG homozygous status for rs2248374 were studied. Antibodies to CD14, CD19-ECD, HLA-A-B-C, Valpha7.2, CD161, anti-HC10 and anti-HLA-B27 were used to analyse peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Expression levels of ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) and proinflammatory genes (tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL6, IL17 and IL22) were assessed by qPCR. Results There was no significant difference in HLAclass I allele presentation or major histocompatibility class I heavy chains or ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP or proinflammatory gene expression between genotypes for rs2248374 either between cases, between cases and controls, and between controls. Discussion Large differences were not seen in HLAB27 expression or cytokine levels between subjects with and without ERAP2 in AS cases and controls. This suggests that ERAP2 is more likely to influence AS risk through other mechanisms.

Prolonged consumption of sucrose in a binge-like manner, alters the morphology of medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell

The modern diet has become highly sweetened, resulting in unprecedented levels of sugar consumption, particularly among adolescents. While chronic long-term sugar intake is known to contribute to the development of metabolic disorders including obesity and type II diabetes, little is known regarding the direct consequences of long-term, binge-like sugar consumption on the brain. Because sugar can cause the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) similarly to drugs of abuse, we investigated changes in the morphology of neurons in this brain region following short- (4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) binge-like sucrose consumption using an intermittent two-bottle choice paradigm. We used Golgi-Cox staining to impregnate medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from the NAc core and shell of short- and long-term sucrose consuming rats and compared these to age-matched water controls. We show that prolonged binge-like sucrose consumption significantly decreased the total dendritic length of NAc shell MSNs compared to age-matched control rats. We also found that the restructuring of these neurons resulted primarily from reduced distal dendritic complexity. Conversely, we observed increased spine densities at the distal branch orders of NAc shell MSNs from long-term sucrose consuming rats. Combined, these results highlight the neuronal effects of prolonged binge-like intake of sucrose on NAc shell MSN morphology.

Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3, 4. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10 and 1.8 × 10−10, respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months’ less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5, 6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.

Sign and share: What influences our participation in online microvolunteering

Microvolunteering is bite-size volunteering with no commitment to repeat and minimum formality, involving short and specific actions. Online microvolunteering occurs through an internet-connected device. University students' online microvolunteering decisions were investigated using an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) comprising attitudes and normative and control perceptions, with the additional variables of moral norm and group norm. Participants (N = 303) completed the main TPB questionnaire and 1-month follow-up survey (N = 171) assessing engagement in online microvolunteering. Results generally supported standard and additional TPB constructs predicting intention. Intention predicted behavior. The findings suggest an important role for attitudes and moral considerations in understanding what influences this increasingly popular form of online activity.

Pharmacological inhibition of gut-derived serotonin synthesis is a potential bone anabolic treatment for osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease of low bone mass most often caused by an increase in bone resorption that is not sufficiently compensated for by a corresponding increase in bone formation(1). As gut-derived serotonin (GDS) inhibits bone formation(2), we asked whether hampering its biosynthesis could treat osteoporosis through an anabolic mechanism (that is, by increasing bone formation). We synthesized and used LP533401, a small molecule inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (Tph-1), the initial enzyme in GDS biosynthesis. Oral administration of this small molecule once daily for up to six weeks acts prophylactically or therapeutically, in a dose-dependent manner, to treat osteoporosis in ovariectomized rodents because of an isolated increase in bone formation. These results provide a proof of principle that inhibiting GDS biosynthesis could become a new anabolic treatment for osteoporosis.

The pedagogic prosthetic: Augmented learning as content-in-motion in hybrid educational spheres

This article draws on the design and implementation of three mobile learning projects introduced by Flanagan in 2011, 2012 and 2014 engaging a total of 206 participants. The latest of these projects is highlighted in this article. Two other projects provide additional examples of innovative strategies to engage mobile and cloud systems describing how electronic and mobile technology can help facilitate teaching and learning, assessment for learning and assessment as learning, and support communities of practice. The second section explains the theoretical premise supporting the implementation of technology and promulgates a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The third section discusses mobility, both in terms of the exploration of wearable technology in the prototypes developed as a result of the projects, and the affordances of mobility within pedagogy. Finally the quantitative and qualitative methods in place to evaluate m-learning are explained.

Monikulttuurinen huoltoriita oikeudellisena ongelmana : suomalaisten äitien ja ulkomaalaistaustaisten isien näkökulma internetkeskusteluissa.

Tutkin pro gradu –työssäni monikulttuurista huoltoriitaa oikeudellisen ongelman näkökulmasta. Huoltoriidoilla tarkoitetaan tässä tutkimuksessa myös sellaisia lapsen huoltoa koskevia kiistoja ja erimielisyyksiä, jotka eivät välttämättä etene tuomioistuimeen asti tai jotka jatkuvat oikeuden antaman virallisen päätöksen jälkeen, koska keskeistä on vanhempien oma käsitys huoltoriitaongelman olemassaolosta. Tavoitteena on selvittää, minkälaisia oikeudellisia ongelmia huoltoriitoihin liittyy, ja miten vanhemmat hahmottavat oman asemansa huoltoriidassa suhteessa lapsen toiseen vanhempaan ja toisaalta myös suhteessa oikeusjärjestelmään. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu monikulttuurisesta parisuhteesta eronneiden tai eroamassa olevien suomalaisäitien ja ulkomaalaistaustaisten isien internetkeskusteluista vuosilta 2006-2010. Aineistoa on analysoitu kvalitatiivisesti diskurssianalyyttisellä tutkimusotteella. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa on hyödynnetty grounded theorya aineiston kategorisoinnissa. Tutkimuksen keskeisenä teoreettisena viitekehyksenä on Patricia Ewickin ja Susan S. Silbeyn kirjoitukset oikeudellisesta ongelmasta ja oikeustajusta sekä Pierre Bourdieun teoria taloudellisesta, kulttuurisesta ja sosiaalisesta pääomasta. Vanhemmat välittävät puheensa välityksellä käsityksiään oikeustajusta eli siitä, onko heitä kohdeltu huoltoriidassa oikeudenmukaisesti. Oikeustajulla tarkoitetaan kuitenkin myös yleisiä suhtautumistapoja lakia ja oikeusjärjestelmää kohtaan. Oikeustajun omakohtainen ja yleinen ulottuvuus tulevat tässä tutkimuksessa näkyväksi oikeudellisen ongelman kautta. Sekä suomalaisten naisten että ulkomaalaistaustaisten miesten aloittamissa internetkeskusteluissa on havaittavissa useita eri oikeustajun muotoja. Naiset ilmaisevat puheensa välityksellä pääosin luottamusta suomalaisia oikeuskäytäntöjä ja viranomaisia kohtaan. Miehet sen sijaan näkevät oikeudelliset menettelyt usein epäoikeudenmukaisina. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella keskeinen ero miesten ja naisten välillä on, että aineiston suomalaisnaiset käyttävät useimmiten lakia välineenä, kun taas ulkomaalaistaustaiset miehet esitetään pääsääntöisesti lain ohitse asettuvina. Miesten lain ohitse asettuminen näkyy huoltoriidassa sekä lain välttämisenä että sääntöjen ja lakien rikkomisena. Naisilla taas näyttää olevan usein miehiä enemmän taloudellista ja kulttuurista pääomaa, mikä mahdollistaa lain käyttämisen välineenä.

Monikulttuurinen huoltoriita oikeudellisena ongelmana. Suomalaisten äitien ja ulkomaalaistaustaisten isien näkökulma internetkeskusteluissa.

Tutkin pro gradu –työssäni monikulttuurista huoltoriitaa oikeudellisen ongelman näkökulmasta. Huoltoriidoilla tarkoitetaan tässä tutkimuksessa myös sellaisia lapsen huoltoa koskevia kiistoja ja erimielisyyksiä, jotka eivät välttämättä etene tuomioistuimeen asti tai jotka jatkuvat oikeuden antaman virallisen päätöksen jälkeen, koska keskeistä on vanhempien oma käsitys huoltoriitaongelman olemassaolosta. Tavoitteena on selvittää, minkälaisia oikeudellisia ongelmia huoltoriitoihin liittyy, ja miten vanhemmat hahmottavat oman asemansa huoltoriidassa suhteessa lapsen toiseen vanhempaan ja toisaalta myös suhteessa oikeusjärjestelmään. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu monikulttuurisesta parisuhteesta eronneiden tai eroamassa olevien suomalaisäitien ja ulkomaalaistaustaisten isien internetkeskusteluista vuosilta 2006-2010. Aineistoa on analysoitu kvalitatiivisesti diskurssianalyyttisellä tutkimusotteella. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa on hyödynnetty grounded theorya aineiston kategorisoinnissa. Tutkimuksen keskeisenä teoreettisena viitekehyksenä on Patricia Ewickin ja Susan S. Silbeyn kirjoitukset oikeudellisesta ongelmasta ja oikeustajusta sekä Pierre Bourdieun teoria taloudellisesta, kulttuurisesta ja sosiaalisesta pääomasta. Vanhemmat välittävät puheensa välityksellä käsityksiään oikeustajusta eli siitä, onko heitä kohdeltu huoltoriidassa oikeudenmukaisesti. Oikeustajulla tarkoitetaan kuitenkin myös yleisiä suhtautumistapoja lakia ja oikeusjärjestelmää kohtaan. Oikeustajun omakohtainen ja yleinen ulottuvuus tulevat tässä tutkimuksessa näkyväksi oikeudellisen ongelman kautta. Sekä suomalaisten naisten että ulkomaalaistaustaisten miesten aloittamissa internetkeskusteluissa on havaittavissa useita eri oikeustajun muotoja. Naiset ilmaisevat puheensa välityksellä pääosin luottamusta suomalaisia oikeuskäytäntöjä ja viranomaisia kohtaan. Miehet sen sijaan näkevät oikeudelliset menettelyt usein epäoikeudenmukaisina. Tämän tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella keskeinen ero miesten ja naisten välillä on, että aineiston suomalaisnaiset käyttävät useimmiten lakia välineenä, kun taas ulkomaalaistaustaiset miehet esitetään pääsääntöisesti lain ohitse asettuvina. Miesten lain ohitse asettuminen näkyy huoltoriidassa sekä lain välttämisenä että sääntöjen ja lakien rikkomisena. Naisilla taas näyttää olevan usein miehiä enemmän taloudellista ja kulttuurista pääomaa, mikä mahdollistaa lain käyttämisen välineenä.

Averting biodiversity collapse in tropical forest protected areas

The rapid disruption of tropical forests probably imperils global biodiversity more than any other contemporary phenomenon(1-3). With deforestation advancing quickly, protected areas are increasingly becoming final refuges for threatened species and natural ecosystem processes. However, many protected areas in the tropics are themselves vulnerable to human encroachment and other environmental stresses(4-9). As pressures mount, it is vital to know whether existing reserves can sustain their biodiversity. A critical constraint in addressing this question has been that data describing a broad array of biodiversity groups have been unavailable for a sufficiently large and representative sample of reserves. Here we present a uniquely comprehensive data set on changes over the past 20 to 30 years in 31 functional groups of species and 21 potential drivers of environmental change, for 60 protected areas stratified across the world's major tropical regions. Our analysis reveals great variation in reserve `health': about half of all reserves have been effective or performed passably, but the rest are experiencing an erosion of biodiversity that is often alarmingly widespread taxonomically and functionally. Habitat disruption, hunting and forest-product exploitation were the strongest predictors of declining reserve health. Crucially, environmental changes immediately outside reserves seemed nearly as important as those inside in determining their ecological fate, with changes inside reserves strongly mirroring those occurring around them. These findings suggest that tropical protected areas are often intimately linked ecologically to their surrounding habitats, and that a failure to stem broad-scale loss and degradation of such habitats could sharply increase the likelihood of serious biodiversity declines.