Effect of oxygen on the electrical characteristics of field effect transistors formed from electrochemically deposited films of poly(3-methylthiophene)

Field effect devices have been formed in which the active layer is a thin film of poly(3-methylthiophene) grown electrochemically onto preformed source and drain electrodes. Although a field effect is present after electrochemical undoping, stable device characteristics with a high modulation ratio are obtained only after vacuum annealing at an elevated temperature, and only then if the devices are held in vacuo. The polymer is shown to be p type and the devices operate in accumulation only. The hole mobility in devices thermally annealed under vacuum is around 10 -3 cm 2 V -1 s -1. On exposure to ambient laboratory air, the device conductance increases by several orders of magnitude. This increase may be reversed by subjecting the device to a further high-temperature anneal under vacuum. Subsidiary experiments show that these effects are caused by the reversible doping of the polymer by gaseous oxygen.

Internationalization process of TUBOFURO

The central objective of this case study was to formulate the strategy of internationalization of Tubofuro®, discriminating relevant points from its design to its implementation. This is a company located in Leiria, Ortigosa parish, which operates, among others, in the Portuguese PVC pipes industry for which currently the domestic market is clearly insufficient, given the oversupply compared to demand. Being Tubofuro® an exporting company since 2004, the work here developed specifically intended to increase sales to the foreign market, with this representing 45% of total company's business in 2018 increasing of the number of markets through new partners to enable the positioning of Tubofuro® among the main players in each market, particularly in South American markets, North African and European. To achieve the above objectives presented a case study was applied, centred on Tubofuro® company, target of the internationalization strategy. The search carried out for the formulation of the strategy has been supported on a thorough analysis of the external environment and internal characteristics of the company, for which were crossed different types of data, quantitative, qualitative, secondary data and primary data. From this work resulted the development of internationalization and international marketing plan for the next three years, whose objectives are based on entrance and consequent growth in new markets, including the market Chilean, Peruvian, Mexican, Argentine, Algerian and German, as well growth in the presence and turnover in the markets for which Tubofuro® already exports regularly, for example Spain, France, Tunisia and Morocco. Based on the production capacity of Tubofuro® company, which will not suffer any kind of investment for incrementing but only to update, it is expected that the appropriate response capacity for the company is 8 regular markets, and could eventually arise sporadic exports to other markets not interfering with the normal production capacity of the company. The suggestion of the presented markets resulted from the study of the final price based on the one that local customers purchase a product equal or similar to Tubofuro® and the number of potential existing customers in each market. The internationalization model known as Uppsala Model corresponds to the strategy adopted by the company to its internationalization process, taking into account the philosophy of senior management and the risk aversion of them. The sales team Tubofuro® demand for each market, export a full container registering customer feedback, including quality and flow capacity in the market in order to seek a partnership agreement with a local distributor, which allows the Tubofuro® go to step two above mentioned model. The partnership agreement is based on mutual commitment to technical cooperation and trade between the Tubofuro® and partner, in order to increase the performance capacity among local customers. Only if the market presents a greater demand to our supply capacity and be justified by cost / benefit ratio, the entry into this market through a joint venture or subsidiary is that the decision will be taken. Although this is a case study, which means that is adjusted to the concrete case Tubofuro® preventing generalization of findings, we believe that this work can be a useful example for other companies in the internationalization process or the methodology adopted in formulating strategy or the outputs and conclusions drawn.

Plan de Mercadeo FORTEACERO S.A.S

FORTEACERO S.A.S es una empresa con sede en Bogotá, creada en el año 2012 como filial de la empresa ESCAYOLA Ltda., dedicada a la fabricación de perfiles, masilla, pintura y comercialización de productos para la construcción liviana, dentro de los que se incluyen drywall, PVC y los elementos necesarios para su instalación. Por el crecimiento y dinamismo del mercado al cual pertenece esta empresa, la organización vio la necesidad de crear un plan de mercadeo para identificar a partir de este oportunidades y planes de acción, con el propósito de tener un mejor desempeño en el mercado mediante el incremento en ventas y reconocimiento para la empresa por parte de los clientes y los competidores. El objetivo de este plan de mercadeo es incrementar las ventas en un 28% por medio de estrategias que se describen puntualmente en este documento.

La construcción de sentido (‘sensemaking’) de un entorno estratégico turbulento por parte de los altos directivos: un estudio en una multinacional automotriz

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada al interior de dos contextos. Por un lado, el teórico, en el marco de uno de los discursos más relevantes en los campos de la estrategia organizacional, de la managerial and organizational cognition (MOC) y, en general, de los estudios organizacionales (organization studies): la construcción de sentido (sensemaking). Por el otro, el empírico, en una de las grandes compañías multinacionales del sector automotriz con presencia global. Esta corporación enfrenta una permanente tensión entre lo que dicta la casa matriz, en relación con el cumplimiento de metas y estándares específicos, considerando el mundo entero, y los retos que, teniendo en cuenta lo regional y lo local, experimentan los altos directivos encargados de hacer prosperar la empresa en estos lugares. La aproximación implementada fue cualitativa. Esto en atención a la naturaleza de la problemática abordada y la tradición del campo. Los resultados permiten ampliar el actual nivel de comprensión acerca de los procesos de sensemaking de los altos directivos al enfrentar un entorno estratégico turbulento.

Avaliação preliminar e caracterização morfoagronômica de acessos de feijão-de-metro [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], cv-gr. Sesquipedalis, no município de Belém, Pará.

O feijão-de-metro é um importante alimento, rico em proteína, vitaminas, fibras e minerais. Muito consumido na região Norte do país, principalmente no estado do Pará, onde é conhecido como feijão-verde. Os materiais utilizados atualmente são os mesmos introduzidos no início do século passado. São comercializadas sementes de uma única cultivar registrada no Registro Nacional de Cultivares (RNC) e de outra que não tem registro. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar linhagens de feijão-de-metro em Belém-PA. Foram avaliados 66 acessos no delineamento de blocos de Federer, com duas testemunhas comuns. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, em delineamento de Blocos Federer. Foram avaliados caracteres qualitativos e quantitativos. Com base na produtividade e nos caracteres cor, comprimento e aspecto geral da vagem, importantes para a aceitação comercial, destacaram-se com produtividade superior à 1,6 kg/2m2 os seguintes acessos: China town (PI 487501), TVO 2141 (MNC 1618), CP-74 (PI 487550), Dagupan pangasinan (PI 487486).