990 resultados para MGB4O7-DY
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本论文包括两部分内容。第一部分为“Cu(III)及相关化合物的合成和性质的研究”;第二部分为“稀土复合氟化物的电性、氧敏和氢敏性质”。第一部分的主要内容有:1.制备了Na_4H[Cu(H_2TeO_6)_2]·17H_2O和Na_4K[Cu(HIO_6)_2]·12H_2O的Cu(III)单晶配合物。2.在比较相应的Cu(II)化合物的条件下,详细地研究了这二个Cu(III)配合物的电子光谱和Cu2p光电子能谱,由于价态升高,场强参数增大,Cu(III)化合物的d-d跃迁相对于Cu(II)化合物d-d跃迁,发生“蓝移”。3.成功地实现了用O_3和电化学方法对强碱溶液中Cu(II)配合物的氧化,获得了二个新的Cu(III)固态配合物Ba_4K[Cu(H_2TeO_6)_2] (OH)_4·6H_2O和Ba_3K[Cu(HIO_6)_2] (KOH)_(0.5)(OH)_2·8H_2O利用化学分析、磁学性质、电子光谱和Cu2p XPS,对这二个化合物进行了表征。4.对BaCuO_(2.5)的合成、电学性质、磁学性质、Cu(III) ESR和Cu2p XPS进行了研究。5.以Na_4K[Cu(HIO_6)_2]·12H_2O和BaCuO_(2.5)为参照物,用电子光谱和Cu2p XPS,确认了YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-5)中的高价态的铜。6.考察了以Cu(III)化合物作为Cu部分原料所合成的YBCO系超导材料的电学性质。第二部分的主要内容有:1.测试了元件“BiF_3(Bi)/Ce_(0.95)Ca_(0.05)F_(2.95)/Pt”的氧敏、氢敏等性能。从室温到130 ℃,元件的氧敏机理为“双电子反应”,电动势(EMF)与氧分压遵循Nernst关系式。室温时,元件对空气中100Pa或1000Pa氢气的响应时间仅为15秒或短于5秒;氢分压在16Pa~1000Pa范围内,EMF与氢分压的对数呈线性关系,斜率为-116mV/decade, 敏感机理表现为“混合电极电势”。元件具有良好的氢敏性能,并有一定的选择性。2.合成并测试了La_(1-x)Pb_xF_(3-x)(X = 0.00 ~ 0.15)的电导率,La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)的电导率最高,比LaF_3高约一个数量级。以La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)为固体电解质材料,Pd或Pt为敏感电极,BiF_3(Bi)或PbF_2(Pb)为参比电极,制成了四个元件。其中,“BiF_3(Bi)/La_(0.95)Pb_(0.05)F_(2.95)/Pt”具有最好的氧敏、氢敏性能。从室温到150 ℃,元件的EMF与1gPo_2附合Nernst关系式。150 ℃时,元件对氧气的响应时间仅为80秒。室温下,元件对空气中100Pa或1000Pa氢气的响应时间仅为75秒或15秒,元件的电动势EMF与氢分压的关系可表示为“E=E_o-96lgP_(H2)(mV)”。元件对CO有较差的敏感性能,而对空气中甲烷、乙烷或乙炔(≤1000Pa)不具敏感性能。3.合成并测试了Ln_(1-x)Pb_xF_(3-x)(Ln=Ce、Pr、Nd和Gd、Dy、Ho、Yb)的电性。前四个系列为离子导体材料,后三个系列可能为P型半导体。随着Ln原子序数增大,LnF_3导电性能变差;La~(3+)、Ce~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Nd~(3+)与Pb~(2+)离子半径差异较小,LnF_3和PbF_2可以形成固溶体;而Gd~(3+)、Dy~(3+)、Ho~(3+)、Yb~(3+)与Pb~(2+)离子半径差异较大,LnF_3和PbF_2难以形成固溶体。
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合成出三类18种双金属稀土金属有机配合物:第一类:Ln-Li双金属π-烯丙基稀土配合物-LiLn(π-C_3H_5)_4 nD(Ln=La、Tb, n=3; Ln=Y、Dy, n=2.5; Ln=Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Er, n=2; D=二氧六环)。第二类:Ln-Mg双金属π-烯丙基稀土配合物-(π-C_3H_5)_2CnCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2 (Ln=Ce、Nd)和(π-C_4H_7)_2LnCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2 (Ln=La、Ce、Nd; C_4H_7=i-C_4H_7)。第三类:Ln-Al双金属配合物-[(CF_3CO_2)_3LnHAlR_2·2THF]_2 (Ln=Y、Nd, R=i-Bu; Ln=Eu, R=Et)。用四园X-ray衍射仪在低温下测定了LiCe(π-C_3H_5)_4·4D、[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHAl(i-Bu)_2 2THF]_2、[(CF_3CO_2)_3NdHAl(i-Bu)_2 2THF]_2和[(CF_3CO_2)_3EuHAlEt_2·2THF]_2的晶体结构。对[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHAl(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2和LiLn(π-C_3H_5)_4 nD类配合物进行了较详细的NMR研究。二维C-H相关NMR谱表明在[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHAl(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2配合物中6个CF_3CO_2~-有2个羰基的C与H成键,该结果解释了Ln-Al双金属配合物中相应羰基的非平面结构现象。研究表明LiLn(π-CC_3H_5)_4·nD可催化异戊二烯和苯乙烯均聚合;不同配合物中均以Y配合物的活性为最高。(π-C_3H_5)_2CeCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2对异戊二烯、丁二烯、苯乙烯以及甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)的聚合有较低的催化活性;(π-C_4H_7)_2LnCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2也对苯乙烯和异戊二烯的聚合有一定的催化活性。分别以LiCe(π-C_3H_5)_4·4D和(π-C_3H_5)_2CeCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2作为稀土配位催化剂的模型配合物,研究了其催化所得聚异戊二烯的端基结构。表明聚合物均具有烯丙基端基(-CH_2-CH=CH_2)。证明单体在Ce~(3+)和π-烯丙基之间发生了插入反应,聚合按π-烯丙基机理进行。该结果首次为稀土配位催化共轭双烯烃聚合的活性链端π-烯丙基机理提供了直接的实验证据。(π-C_3H_5)_2CeCl_5Mg_2(tmed)_2-Al(i-Bu)_3(Al/Ce(摩尔比)=4))体系对异戊二烯的聚合具有较高的催化活性,所得聚合物仍具有-CH_3-CH=CH_2端基,而没有i-Bu端基。该结果又一次为上述π-烯丙基机理提供了直接的实验证据。发现Ln(CF_3CO_2)_3-AlEt_3体系可催化THF开环聚合。首次实现稀土催化THF开环聚合。研究了Y(CF_3CO_2)_3-HAl(i-Bu)_2-ECH(环氧氯丙烷)体系催化THF开环聚合法性及聚合机理。讨论了各种聚合条件对该体系催化活性的影响。研究了[(CF_3Co_2)YHAl(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2在ECH存在下催化THF聚合活性并认为该双金属配合物为Y(CF_3CO_2)_3-HAl(i-Bu)_2-ECH体系的活性体。[(CF_3CO_2)_3YHA(i-Bu)_2·2THF]_2和[(CF_3CO_2)_3EuHAlEt_2·2THF]_2均可催化ECH和MMA聚合,所得PMMA的间同(rr)含量可达76.5%。
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本文从几个方面研究了稀土离子及稀土配合物的性质和在生物体系中的应用,并取得了如下结果。1)稀土离子具有良好的核磁特性。向外消旋丙-丝二肽溶液中加入顺磁性稀土离子,可使不同旋光异构体相同磁核的共振信号明显分开,便于指认和归属。指出外消旋丙-丝二肽顺磁稀土配合物不同异构体的诱导位移主要由接触位移决定;2)合成了几类Dy~(3+)配合物,并对其~(23)Na位移性质加以研究;3)稀土配合物Gd(DCBDA)、Gd(DBDA)、Gd(EDTMP)、Gd(DETPMP)、Gd_2(EDTMP)、Gd_2(DETPMP)具有很强的~(13)C弛豫增强作用,并不对~(13)C共振信号产生明显位移和增宽。Gd(DCBDA)、Gd(DBDA)弛豫能力最强,是很有应用前景的新型水溶性弛豫试剂;4)首次利用~(133)Cs NMR技术研究了稀土离子La~(3+)对人血红细胞金属离子迁移性质的影响。
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杂多酸由于一系列有利于催化反应的特性在电催化和化学修饰电极的研究中引起了人们广泛的重视。本文重点研究了杂多酸掺杂聚吡咯薄膜修饰电极的制备及其电化学和电催化性质,研究了取代杂多酸的电化学行为,并着重讨论了取代杂多酸独特的电催化性质。分述如下:1、研究了稀土杂多配合物K_(10)H_3[Dy(SiMo_(11)_2] xH_2O在酸性水溶液中的电化学过程,采用一步法制备了该杂多酸掺杂聚吡咯薄膜修饰电极,讨论了膜内微环境对杂多酸电化学行为的影响。该修饰电极具有非常好的稳定性,并且对ClO_3~-、BrO_3~-的还原具有催化作用。2、在水溶液中以Dawson结构磷钨酸(P_2W_(18))为支持电解质,通过电化学聚合吡咯,制备出P_2W_(18)掺杂聚吡咯薄膜修饰电极,研究了该修饰电极的电化学和电催化行为。同文献相比,本实验制备的修饰电极具有较好的稳定性和电化学行为。该电极能催化氧的还原,使氧的还原电位正移150 ~ 200mV。3、通过电化学聚合的方法,在电极表面制备出聚(N,N-二甲基苯胺)膜(PDMA),并用Fe(CN)_6~(4-)研究了该膜的阴离子交换性能。实验表明,磷钼杂多酸能够被交换到PDMA膜内,从而固定在电极表面。固定在PDMA膜内的磷钼酸的电子传递受扩散控制,与固定在聚乙烯基吡啶膜内杂多酸的快速电子传递不同。首次观察到膜内磷钼酸的自催化现象。4、研究了铁取代Dawson结构磷钨酸(P_2W_(17)Fe)的电化学行为,检验了P_2W_(17)Fe对H_2O_2、NO_2~-还原的催化作用,用微电极测定了P_2W_(17)Fe催化还原H_2O_2反应的速率常数,并对催化反应机理进行了研究。
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The ballistic transport of Rashba electrons in a straight structure in two-dimensional electron gas is studied. It is found that there is no mixing between the wave functions of spin up and spin down states, and the transfer matrix is independent for the spin in every interface. The influence of the structure and Rashba coefficient on the electron transport is investigated. Our results indicate that the transmission probabilities are independent of the sign and magnitude of the Rashba coefficient and it depends on the shape of the structure, especially the stub width. The antiresonance is found, where the quasiconfined state is formed in the center part of the structure.
Photoluminescence characterization of 1.3 mu m In(Ga)As/GaAs islands grown by molecular beam epitaxy
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1.3 mum wavelength In(Ga)As/GaAs nanometer scale islands grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) were characterized by photoluminescence (PL) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. It is shown that inhomogeneous broadening of optical emission due to fluctuation of the In0.5Ga0.5As islands both in size and in compositions can be effectively suppressed by introducing a AlAs layer and a strain reduction In0.2Ga0.8As layer overgrown on top of the islands, 1.3mum emission wavelength with narrower line-width less than 20meV at room temperature was obtained.
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Surface morphology and optical properties of 1.3 mum self-organized InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated by atomic force microscopy and photoluminescence measurements. It has been shown that the surface morphology evolution and emission wavelengths of InGaAs/GaAs QDs can be controlled effectively via cycled monolayer deposition methods due to the reduction of the surface strain. Our results provide important information for optimizing the epitaxial parameters for obtaining 1.3 mum long wavelength emission quantum dots structures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Amorphous Sic films are deposited on Si (111) substrates by rf magnetron sputtering and then annealed at 1200 degreesC for different times by a dc self-heating method in a vacuum annealing system. The crystallization of the amorphous Sic is determined by Raman scattering at room temperature and X-ray diffraction. The experimental result indicates that the Sic nanocrystals have formed in the films. The topography of the as-annealed films is characterized by atomic force microscopy. Measurements of photoluminescence of the as-annealed films show blue or violet light emission from the nanocrystalline Sic films and photoluminescence peak shifts to short wavelength side as the annealing time decreases.
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We have developed a low-temperature (LT) growth technique. Even with Ge fraction x upto 90%, the total thickness of fully relaxed GexSi1-x buffers can he reduced to 1.7 mu m with dislocation density lower than 5 x 10(6) cm(-2). The surface roughness is no more than 6 nm. The strain relaxation is quite inhomogeneous From the beginning. Stacking faults generate and form the mismatch dislocations in the interface of GeSi/LT-Si. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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The dark current characteristics and temperature dependence for quantum dot infrared photodetectors have been investigated by comparing the dark current activation energies between two samples with identical structure of the dots-in-well in nanoscale but different microscale n-i-n environments. A sequential coupling transport mechanism for the dark current between the nanoscale and the microscale processes is proposed. The dark current is determined by the additive mode of two activation energies: E-a,E-micro from the built-in potential in the microscale and E-a,E-nano related to the thermally assisted tunneling in nanoscale. The activation energies E-a,E-micro and E-a,E-nano decrease exponentially and linearly with increasing applied electric field, respectively.
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随着工农业的快速发展,土壤重金属污染问题日益严重,在我国东北,大面积的蔬菜种植地受到Cd、Pb的污染。大白菜在东北地区一直得到广泛种植,然而,Cd、Pb单一及复合污染对这一地区大白菜的胁迫效应仍然缺乏系统的研究。本研究以辽宁省普遍种植的四种大白菜(抗病金春KB、东洋春夏DY、青绿王QL、强势QS)为对象,用发芽实验、砂培实验和盆栽实验,研究了Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下大白菜的生理生化变化。 在发芽阶段,Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫下,重金属浓度与根长、芽长和生物量抑制率间呈极显著线性相关,根伸长对Cd、Pb的毒害最敏感。KB对Cd毒害的抗性最强,DY对Pb单一和Cd、Pb复合胁迫的抗性最强,而QS对Cd、Pb单一及复合胁迫的抗性最弱。Cd、Pb复合胁迫时,对根伸长、芽伸长和生物量抑制的联合作用类型都为相加作用。 砂培实验中,在Cd、Pb浓度较低时,4种大白菜超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(PRO)含量都不同程度提高,但是随Cd、Pb浓度的提高,各生理过程受到抑制。KB和QS中PRO的含量约是DY和QL中的2-3倍,高PRO累积量很可能是Cd、Pb耐性大白菜品种所具有的特点。 盆栽实验中,在各生长时期,抗氧化酶活性、抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH),及可溶性糖和SP的含量随Cd、Pb浓度的提高先升高后下降。硝态氮的含量基本随Cd、Pb浓度的提高而上升。在整个实验期间,KB和QS中MDA都保持较低的水平,KB对Cd、Pb的耐性主要是由于其体内PRO及AsA、GSH等抗氧化剂的累积;而GSH和可溶性糖对QS的Cd、Pb耐性起重要作用。QL和DY中MDA的含量要高于KB和QS,它们体内的抗氧化酶活性,及PRO、AsA和GSH含量在某个生长时期会达到较高的水平,但是与KB和QS相比,这些变化并不稳定,所以比KB和QS对Cd、Pb的耐性要弱。