Leitura e escrita de professores em suas histórias de vida e formação

Este artigo apresenta pesquisa sobre narrativa, experiências de leitura/escrita e memória de professores. Baseado na teoria crítica da cultura e da modernidade, em especial em Walter Benjamin, procura conhecer práticas de leitura e escrita de professores e compreender como foi construída - ao longo de suas trajetórias - sua relação com a escrita e de que forma tal relação influencia a prática escolar. Discute questões de natureza teórico-metodológica; apresenta as etapas da pesquisa, seus desafios e os principais achados, tratando do período exploratório (entrevistas com professores de pré-escola e 1as séries do 1º grau) e da investigação (entrevistas com professores que atuaram nas décadas de 20/30/40 e 50/60); e sintetiza o ensaio que vem sendo feito a partir de acervo de fotografias de situações de leitura e escrita captadas no cotidiano do Rio de Janeiro.

Les méthodes d'études de cas en psychothérapie: perspectives actuelles [Methods of psychotherapy case studies: current perspectives].

There is a renewal of interest among psychotherapy researchers and psychotherapists towards psychotherapy case studies. This article presents two paradigms that have greatly influenced this increasing interest in psychotherapy case studies : the pragmatic case study and the theory-building case study paradigm. The origins, developments and key-concepts of both paradigms are presented, as well as their methodological and ethical specificities. Examples of case studies, along with models developed, are cited. The differential influence of the post-modern schools on both paradigms are presented, as well as their contribution to the field of methods of psychotherapy case studies discussed and assessed in terms of relevance for the researcher and the psychotherapist.

Intégrer clinique et recherche: le modèle de la clarification selon R. Sachse

Cet article présente une introduction au modèle de la clarification selon Rainer Sachse. Ce modèle s'inspire avant tout des courants psychothérapeutiques centrés sur l'émotion et comprend un certain nombre de notions et de techniques nouvelles et spécifiques. Ainsi, les niveaux de conceptualisation du patient en séance sont présentés et la notion de clarification (Klärung) ou d'explicitation des schémas affectifs discutée. Pour certains patients, notamment avec un trouble de la personnalité, le travail d'explicitation du contenu affectif doit être précédé par un travail sur le niveau relationnel, ce qui est conceptualisé par le modèle de la double régulation de l'action. Ce modèle est brièvement présenté, discuté en lien avec les concepts de la clarification et des implications cliniques abordées. Finalement, nous désirons apporter des éléments de validation empirique du modèle de la clarification selon R. Sachse ; des implications pour la formation des psychothérapeutes-experts sont proposées. This article presents an introduction to the clarification model according to Rainer Sachse. This model is mainly based on emotion-focused psychotherapy approaches and comprises new notions and specific techniques. Thus, we present the conceptualization levels of a patient in session, as well as the notion of clarification (Klärung) of affective schemas. For certain patients, in particular with Personality Disorders, relationship work needs to precede clarification work on affective contents. These dynamics are conceptualized in the dual action regulation model, which is briefly presented and discussed with regard to the notion of clarification ; clinical implications are added. Finally, we would like to present empirical validation studies of the clarification model by R. Sachse and implications for the training of psychotherapists as experts.

Autoria e autorização: questões éticas na pesquisa com crianças

O texto analisa questões éticas enfrentadas na pesquisa com crianças de diferentes idades, grupos e contextos. Trata da concepção de infância subjacente às pesquisas em debate e analisa três questões. A primeira focaliza os nomes (verdadeiros ou fictícios) de crianças observadas ou entrevistadas e analisa se devem ou não ser explicitados na apresentação da pesquisa. A segunda discute a utilização de imagens de crianças - seus rostos - em especial a autorização do uso de imagens (em fotografias, vídeos ou filmes). A terceira trata das implicações ou do impacto social de resultados de trabalhos científicos e pergunta se é possível contribuir e devolver os achados, evitando que as crianças ou jovens sofram com as repercussões desse retorno, no interior das instituições educacionais que freqüentam e que foram estudadas na pesquisa. Tais questões emergiram na orientação de monografias, dissertações e teses.

Professoras de educação infantil e mudança: reflexões a partir de Bakhtin

Este texto - escrito a partir de entrevistas coletivas realizadas na pesquisa Formação de profissionais da educação infantil no Estado do Rio de Janeiro: concepções, políticas e modos de implementação - tem seu foco no tema e referencial teórico-metodológico da mudança. Esse referencial baseia-se na concepção de linguagem de Bakhtin, preciosa para a compreensão da originalidade com que o tema da mudança foi abordado pelos participantes: a metáfora de sacudir. Conceitos de ambivalência dialética e dialogismo revelaram-se ferramentas teóricas fundamentais para a pesquisa. A idéia de que é preciso mudar, acompanhada pelo desejo de mudar, emergiu em quase todas as entrevistas. Mas foi em entrevista feita com nove professoras que a mudança foi mencionada como se constituísse a ação educativa: uma das professoras entrevistadas relatou que não concordava com a prática vivida e resolveu "dar um sacode no pedagógico".

Gestão pública, formação e identidade de profissionais de educação infantil

O artigo trata da gestão da educação infantil e das políticas de formação de profissionais da área. Buscou resgatar histórias de formação das profissionais responsáveis pela gestão da educação infantil nas Secretarias Municipais de Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O texto está estruturado em três partes. A primeira contextualiza a pesquisa, traz questões de natureza metodológica sobre o questionário aplicado nos municípios e sintetiza dados obtidos com esse instrumento. A segunda aborda as entrevistas realizadas com as profissionais no que diz respeito ao referencial teórico-metodológico, traz aspectos práticos da sua realização e apresenta uma síntese das principais categorias que emergiram dos relatos. A terceira parte focaliza o tema da gestão, identidade e formação. As entre vistadas falam do contexto em que atuam, de hierarquia e poder, revelando situações em que a precariedade, a falta de condições materiais e humanas, o despreparo e o improviso convivem com a dedicação, o idealismo e o compromisso profissional.

Travelling-stripe forcing generates hexagonal patterns

We study the response of Turing stripe patterns to a simple spatiotemporal forcing. This forcing has the form of a traveling wave and is spatially resonant with the characteristic Turing wavelength. Experiments conducted with the photosensitive chlorine dioxide-iodine-malonic acid reaction reveal a striking symmetry-breaking phenomenon of the intrinsic striped patterns giving rise to hexagonal lattices for intermediate values of the forcing velocity. The phenomenon is understood in the framework of the corresponding amplitude equations, which unveils a complex scenario of dynamical behaviors.

Educação infantil e políticas municipais: um estudo longitudinal

Este artigo analisa resultados da pesquisa interinstitucional Educação Infantil e formação de profissionais no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (1999-2009), realizada por meio de questionário. O primeiro item faz considerações metodológicas sobre o universo investigado; o segundo trata da organização da Educação Infantil nas Secretarias Municipais de Educação e da cobertura do atendimento educacional; o terceiro analisa a formação dos profissionais, ingresso e carreira, recursos financeiros e materiais. Ao final, destacam-se avanços observados no período e indicam-se aspectos que necessitam com urgência entrar na agenda das políticas públicas municipais.

Early clarification processes in clients presenting with borderline personality disorder: Relations with symptom level and change

Clarification-Oriented Psychotherapy (COP), an integrative treatment form with a basis in process-experiential psychotherapy, is particularly relevant for clients with Personality Disorders (PDs). We argue here that two related core therapeutic COP principles, "dual action regulation" and "interactional games" have consequences for symptom severity and therapeutic outcome for clients with PDs. A high quality COP clarification process requires that client's interactional games may be quickly assessed and treated in all (preferably early) therapy sessions. These processes can be observed and measured using the observer-rated Bochum Process and Relationship Rating Scales (BPRRS) which measure both clients' and therapists' contributions to the quality of the clarification processes engaged in therapy. This measure has been successfully applied to COP-therapies, but not, as yet, to therapies other than experiential, nor to specific client populations such as borderline personality disorder. The present study is a first attempt to evaluate the application of COP processes to other therapies and populations. We measured action regulation and interactional games using the BPRRS during intake sessions of a 10-session psychodynamic treatment of borderline personality disorder for a total of N = 30 clients and N = 8 therapists. Significant relationships were found between the client's degree of interactional games and both pretherapy symptom level and symptom change across therapy. These results are discussed in the context of Clarification-Oriented Psychotherapy, and more generally Person-Centered and Process-Experiential Psychotherapies. The potential relevance of the findings for psychodynamic psychotherapists are explored as well as the potential usefulness of taking into account a detailed analysis of interactional games for the training of psychotherapists working with any model of therapy working with clients presenting with BPD.

Looking Back: Historical Hall, 1899-1904; State Historical, Memorial and Art Building, 1905-1999; Ola Babcock Miller Building, 1999-Present, June 2013

For more than 80 years, visitors to the Iowa State Historical, Memorial, and Art Building were treated to the state’s collection of historic documents, literature, portraits, and historical, geological, and archeological artifacts. Those who visited might have memories of the spectacular sand paintings by Iowan Andrew Clemens, the variety of taxidermy Iowa animals, the pioneer Conestoga wagon in the basement, the biplane hanging from the dome ceiling, the odd display by the medical library of things removed from stomachs, or the Native American display on the third floor. This booklet is a look back at the origins of the museum. It includes some of the Historical Department reports, legislation passed by the general assembly, newspaper and magazine articles, and photographs pertaining to the museum and library. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review and documentation of displays and exhibits. It is a brief overview of the building’s history and some photographs that may bring back memories, for some, of a field trip as a student. This booklet has been created from a variety of source materials: photographs, newspaper articles, and various reports. The following have contributed: State Library of Iowa, Iowa State Historical Society, the Iowa Judicial Branch, Susan Wallace, Helen Dagley, Barb Corson, Jerome Thompson, Pam Rees, Georgiann Fischer, and Jason Mrachina.

Le silence comme outil thérapeutique dans la dépression : élaboration théorique basée sur une étude de cas

À l'aide d'un exemple clinique, nous élaborons les différentes fonctions que peut avoir le silence dans les thérapies cognitives et comportementales de la dépression. Les silences d'une patiente déprimée, suivie en psychothérapie, sont documentés et analysés. Le silence peut, chez la même personne, tantôt produire un apaisement ou organiser la pensée, donc s'avérer productif, tantôt représenter une tentative d'échapper à du matériel douloureux, donc s'avérer peu productif. Ainsi, le thérapeute aura fondamentalement le choix, soit de respecter ces silences soit de les rompre et de parler. Pour l'aider dans ce choix, nous repérons différentes catégories de silences et les mettons en lien avec la littérature à ce sujet, afin d'introduire le silence comme outil thérapeutique à part entière dans le traitement cognitivo-comportemental de la dépression. © 2013 Association fran4aise de thérapie comportementale et cognitive. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés.

The relationship between cognitive errors and interpersonal patterns in depressed women.

Individuals with depression process information in an overly negative or biased way (e.g., Henriques & Leitenberg, 2002) and demonstrate significant interpersonal dysfunction (e.g., Zlotnick, Kohn, Keitner, & Della Grotta, 2000). This study examined the relationship between cognitive errors (CEs) and interpersonal interactions in early psychotherapy sessions of 25 female patients with major depression. Transcripts were rated for CEs using the Cognitive Error Rating Scale (Drapeau, Perry, & Dunkley, 2008). Interpersonal patterns were assessed using the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (Benjamin, 1974). Significant associations were found between CEs and markers of interpersonal functioning in selected contexts. The implications of these findings in bridging the gap between research and practice, enhancing treatment outcome, and improving therapist training are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).

Using plan analysis in psychotherapeutic case formulation of borderline personality disorder.

A comprehensive understanding of the patient's problems is essential for a constructive therapeutic behaviour, especially in borderline personality disorder (BPD) where difficult interpersonal patterns are persistent. In these circumstances, the use of an integrative case formulation approach such as Plan Analysis, developed by K. Grawe and F. Caspar, can be of help for therapy planning. The focus here is on instrumental relations between behaviours and the hypothetical Plans and motives 'behind' those behaviours. The present qualitative study aimed at setting a prototypical Plan structure for n = 15 patients presenting a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, diagnosis of BPD using Plan Analysis. The first psychotherapeutic session of every outpatient was video-taped and evaluated according to the Plan Analysis procedure. Inter-rater reliability was established between two independent raters and was considered sufficient. The detailed prototypical Plan structure of BPD showed two main tendencies: first, the important presence of support-seeking among these patients and second, the will to be in control and to protect oneself. This study confirms the existence of several core similarities in the functioning of patients with BPD. These findings are in line with earlier studies and expand the latter with the aim of contributing to the understanding of BPD psychopathology. Clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE: Plan Analysis can especially be of help with patients who have difficult interpersonal patterns, as those presenting with BPD. Two tendencies were found within BPD patients: (1) support-seeking and (2) control and self-protecting Plans. Further research using Plan Analysis should focus on the identification and detail of emotions within BPD.