Characterizing self-reported sleep disturbance after mild traumatic brain injury

Sleep disturbance after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is commonly reported as debilitating and persistent. However, the nature of this disturbance is poorly understood. This study sought to characterize sleep after mTBI compared with a control group. A cross-sectional matched case control design was used. Thirty-three persons with recent mTBI (1–6 months ago) and 33 age, sex, and ethnicity matched controls completed established questionnaires of sleep quality, quantity, timing, and sleep-related daytime impairment. The mTBI participants were compared with an independent sample of close-matched controls (CMCs; n=33) to allow partial internal replication. Compared with controls, persons with mTBI reported significantly greater sleep disturbance, more severe insomnia symptoms, a longer duration of wake after sleep onset, and greater sleep-related impairment (all medium to large effects, Cohen's d>0.5). No differences were found in sleep quantity, timing, sleep onset latency, sleep efficiency, or daytime sleepiness. All findings except a measure of sleep timing (i.e., sleep midpoint) were replicated for CMCs. These results indicate a difference in the magnitude and nature of perceived sleep disturbance after mTBI compared with controls, where persons with mTBI report poorer sleep quality and greater sleep-related impairment. Sleep quantity and timing did not differ between the groups. These preliminary findings should guide the provision of clearer advice to patients about the aspects of their sleep that may change after mTBI and could inform treatment selection.

Effects of different levels of refractive blur on night-time pedestrian visibility

Purpose The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the effect of different levels of refractive blur and driver age on night-time pedestrian recognition and determine whether clothing that has been shown to improve pedestrian conspicuity is robust to the effects of blur. Methods Night-time pedestrian recognition was measured for 24 visually normal participants (12 younger M=24.9±4.5 years and 12 older adults M=77.6±5.7 years) for three levels of binocular blur (+0.50 D, +1.00 D, +2.00 D) compared to baseline (optimal refractive correction). Pedestrians walked in place on a closed road circuit and wore one of three clothing conditions: i) everyday clothing, ii) a retro-reflective vest and iii) retro-reflective tape positioned on the extremities in a configuration that conveyed biological motion (known as “biomotion”); the order of conditions was randomized between participants. Pedestrian recognition distances were recorded for each blur and pedestrian clothing combination while participants drove an instrumented vehicle around a closed road course. Results The recognition distances for pedestrians were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by all levels of blur compared to baseline. Pedestrians wearing “biomotion” clothing were recognized at significantly longer distances than for the other clothing configurations in all blur conditions. However, these effects were smaller for the older adults, who had much shorter recognition distances for all conditions tested. Conclusions In summary, even small amounts of blur had a significant detrimental effect on night-time pedestrian recognition. Biomotion retro-reflective clothing was effective, even under moderately degraded visibility conditions, for both young and older drivers.

Coriza infecciosa: revisión de métodos de diagnóstico y vacunas

La coriza infecciosa es una enfermedad respiratoria aguda de las gallinas domesti- cas causada por la bacteria Haemophilus parugallinarum. Excepcionalmente pueden enfermarse tambien los faisanes y gallinas de Guinea. El H. paragallinarum infecta al ave por via respiratoria y luego de un cor- to periodo de incubation, que varia entre 1 a 3 dias, produce una enfermedad que se manifiesta por inflamacion catarral de los senos paranasales. Este cuadro puede estar asociado a inflamacion de los barbillones, conjuntivitis o queratitis. Los casos de neu- nionia y aerosaculitis son menos frecuentes pero tambien suelen ocurrir en las infeccio- nes puras por estos hemofilos. En las gallinas en produccion causa alta morbilidad, baja o nula mortalidad y una importante perdida en la produccion de huevos, la que generalmente oscila entre 10% y 40%. En pollos parrilleros puede cau- sar un cuadro descrito como «cabeza hin- chada» y ocasionalmente tambien producir septicemia y muerte (48). Esta bacteria ge- neralmente se asocia con otros agentes bacterianos, viricos o parasitarios y cuan- do esto ocurre se agrava el curso de la en- fermedad. Entre los agentes bacterianos mas comunes deben mencionarse los mycoplasinas y las pasteurelas. Cuando H . paragallinarum se asocia con otros agentes esta enfermedad se denomina .«coriza infec- ciosa complicada» (48). En esta recopilacion se aportaran deta- lles sobre la clasificacion, identificacion y serotipificacion del agente causal. Tambien se resumira la informacion disponible sobre nuevos metodos de diagnostico y programas de vacunacion para prevenir esta enferme-dad. A lo largo de esta revision se hara re-ferencia a los hemofilos aviarios que, para el proposito de este trabajo, seran definidos como organisnios gram negativos aislados de aves y que necesariamente requieren factores de crecimiento in vitro. Los dos factores que pueden ser requeridos por los hemofilos para su crecimiento in vitro son hemina (factor X) y/o nicotin-adenin-dinucleirtido (NAD o factor V).

Neulemallien muodikkuus : Näkyvätkö kansainväliset muotitrendit suomalaisten käsityölehtien neulemalleissa?

The aim of this work was to study, whether international fashion trends show in knit designs in Finnish craft magazines and how trends are modified. Women s knitted clothes and accessories in autumn winter season 2005 2006 were analyzed. Future research, trends, fashion, designing and knitting provides theoretical basis for this study. The trend material of this study came from Carlin Women s knitwear winter 2005 2006, which is fashion forecast for Women s knitwear. In addition to the trend book, I selected two international fashion magazines to reinforce this study. Fashion magazines were L´Officiel, 1000 models, Milan New York winter 05/06, No 52, April 2005 and Collezioni Donna, Prêt-à-porter autumn-winter 2005 2006, No 107. Finnish craft magazines in this study were MODA s issues 4/2005, 5/2005, 6/2005 and Novita s issues autumn 2005, winter 2005 and Suuri Käsityölehti s issues 8/2005, 9/2005, 10/2005. For the base of the analyze I took themes from the trend book. From fashion magazines I searched knitwear designs and these designs were sorted out by themes of trend book. To this trend and fashion material I compared knit designs from craft magazines. I analyzed how fashion trends show in knit designs and how they are modified. I also studied what features of trends were shown and which did not appear in knit designs of the craft magazines. For analyzing trend pictures and knit designs in craft magazines I applied qualitative content analysis and image analysis. According to the results of this research, effects of trend can be recognized in knit designs of craft maga-zines, although the fashion trends have been applied very discreetly. Knit designs were very similar re-gardless of magazine. The craft magazine data included approximately as many designs from Novita and MODA. In Suuri Käsityölehti provided only fifth of the designs data. There were also designs in MODA and Suuri Käsityölehti, which were made of Novita s yarns. This research material includes yarns of 15 different yarn manufacturers. Although half of all knit designs were knitted from Novita s yarn. There were 10 different yarns from Novita. Nevertheless Novita s yarn called Aino was the most popular. Finnish craft magazines have not respond to popularity of knitting. Magazines do not provide any novelty designs for knitters. Knit designs in Finnish craft magazines are usually practical basic designs without any innovativeness.

Juden, Juden, Juden : juedische Chronik zu Juden, Judentum, juedischer Geschichte und Geschichte des Heiligen Landes, der Heiligen Schrift(en) sowie zur Geschichte Israels, des Antijudaismus, Antisemitismus, der Shoah und des Zionismus von den Anfaengen bis in die Gegenwart, vermehrt um allerlei Wissenswertes und Kurioses aus der juedischen (und nichtjuedischen) Welt - teilweise ergaenzt um Angaben zu geschichtlichen Ereignissen von allgemeiner Bedeutung /

Bd. 1. Bis 7. November 1862. - 2008. - 556 p. -- Bd. 2. 26. November 1862-11. Februar 1909. - 2008. - 560 p. -- Bd. 3. Ab 5. Maerz 1909 [until November 20, 2006]. - 2008. - 560 p.

Hur mycket IKT behöver en studerande? Virtuelle kurskonzepte und ihre auswirkungen auf leistung, zufriedenheit und arbeitsstrategien

In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz wird eine vergleichende Untersuchung eines Deutschkurses (Tyska V: Interkulturelle Themen) an der Schwedischen Wirtschaftsuniversität Helsinki (Hanken) präsentiert, der im Jahr 2002 vollständig virtuell und im Jahr 2003 mit virtuellen Lernphasen und Kontaktunterricht im Wechsel realisiert wurde, wobei sich das virtuelle Kursmaterial jeweils in der Lernumgebung WebCT befand. In der Untersuchung werden die Leistungen, die Kursevaluationen und die Arbeitsstrategien der Studierenden in den beiden Kurskonzepten analysiert und miteinander verglichen. In Bezug auf die Leistungen der Studierenden hat sich gezeigt, dass die guten Studierenden in beiden Kurskonzepten gleich gute Ergebnisse erzielen. Die Untersuchung zeigt jedoch, dass der Kontaktunterricht des teils-virtuellen Kurskonzeptes gerade für die schwächeren Studierenden eine wichtige Funktion erfüllt – die schwächeren Studierenden erzielen im Kurskonzept mit Kontaktunterricht deutlich bessere Ergebnisse als die schwächeren Studierenden im ganz virtuellen Kurskonzept. Ein Vergleich der Arbeitsstrategien zeigt, dass die schwächeren Studierenden im Unterschied zu den guten Studierenden deutliche Schwierigkeiten mit dem Zeit- und Materialmanagement haben. Für die Weiterentwicklung des Kurskonzeptes sind zum einen die technischen Rahmenbedingungen zu verbessern, und zum anderen muss der Kontaktunterricht neu überdacht werden, da die Einführung des Themas Arbeitsstrategien in der virtuellen Lernumgebung als eigenständiger Themenbereich dringend notwendig erscheint.

Peritoneal dialysis and neurological outcome in infants and small children

Although improved outcomes for children on peritoneal dialysis (PD) have been seen in recent years, the youngest patients continue to demonstrate inferior growth, more frequent infections, more neurological sequelae, and higher mortality compared to older children. Also, maintain-ing normal intravascular volume status, especially in anuric patients, has proven difficult. This study was designed to treat and monitor these youngest PD patients, which are relatively many due to the high prevalence of congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type (CNF, NPHS1) in Finland, with a strict protocol, to evaluate the results and to improve metabolic balance, growth, and development. A retrospective analysis of 23 children under two years of age at onset of PD, treated between 1995 and 2000, was performed to obtain a control population for our prospective PD study. Respectively, 21 patients less than two years of age at the beginning of PD were enrolled in prospective studies between 2001 and 2005. Medication for uremia and nutrition were care-fully adjusted during PD. Laboratory parameters and intravascular volume status were regu-larly analyzed. Growth was analyzed and compared with midparental height. In a prospective neurological study, the risk factors for development and the neurological development was determined. Brain images were surveyed. Hearing was tested. In a retrospective neurological study, the data of six NPHS1 patients with a congruent neurological syndrome was analyzed. All these patients had a serious dyskinetic cerebral palsy-like syndrome with muscular dysto-nia and athetosis (MDA). They also had a hearing defect. Metabolic control was mainly good in both PD patient groups. Hospitalization time shortened clearly. The peritonitis rate diminished. Hypertension was a common problem. Left ventricular hypertrophy decreased during the prospective study period. None of the patients in either PD group had pulmonary edema or dialysis-related seizures. Growth was good and catch-up growth was documented in most patients in both patient groups during PD. Mortality was low (5% in prospective and 9% in retrospective PD patients). In the prospective PD patient group 11 patients (52%) had some risk factor for their neuro-development originating from the predialysis period. The neurological problems, detected be-fore PD, did not worsen during PD and none of the patients developed new neurological com-plications during PD. Brain infarcts were detected in four (19%) and other ischemic lesions in three patients (14%). At the end of this study, 29% of the prospectively followed patients had a major impairment of their neurodevelopment and 43% only minor impairment. In the NPHS1+MDA patients, no clear explanation for the neurological syndrome was found. The brain MRI showed increased signal intensity in the globus pallidus area. Kernic-terus was contemplated to be causative in the hypoproteinemic newborns but it could not be proven. Mortality was as high as 67%. Our results for young PD patients were promising. Metabolic control was acceptable and growth was good. However, the children were significantly smaller when compared to their midparental height. Although many patients were found to have neurological impairment at the end of our follow-up period, PD was a safe treatment whereby the neurodevelopment did not worsen during PD.

Quantum chemical study on influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the geometry, the atomic charges and the vibrational dynamics of 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile

FT-IR (4000-400 cm(-1)) and FT-Raman (4000-200 cm(-1)) spectral measurements on solid 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (2,6-DCBN) have been done. The molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies and bonding features in the ground state have been calculated by density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) level. A comparison between the calculated and the experimental results covering the molecular structure has been made. The assignments of the fundamental vibrational modes have been done on the basis of the potential energy distribution (PED). To investigate the influence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the geometry, the charge distribution and the vibrational spectrum of 2,6-DCBN; calculations have been done for the monomer as well as the tetramer. The intermolecular interaction energies corrected for basis set superposition error (BSSE) have been calculated using counterpoise method. Based on these results, the correlations between the vibrational modes and the structure of the tetramer have been discussed. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) contour map has been plotted in order to predict how different geometries could interact. The Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis has been done for the chemical interpretation of hyperconjugative interactions and electron density transfer between occupied (bonding or lone pair) orbitals to unoccupied (antibonding or Rydberg) orbitals. UV spectrum was measured in methanol solution. The energies and oscillator strengths were calculated by Time Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) and matched to the experimental findings. TD-DFT method has also been used for theoretically studying the hydrogen bonding dynamics by monitoring the spectral shifts of some characteristic vibrational modes involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds in the ground and the first excited state. The C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by the Gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method and compared with experimental results. Standard thermodynamic functions have been obtained and changes in thermodynamic properties on going from monomer to tetramer have been presented. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lateralisation abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a line bisection study

Objective Asymmetry in brain structure and function is implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders. Although right hemisphere abnormality has been documented in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), cerebral asymmetry is rarely examined. Therefore, in this study, we examined anomalous cerebral asymmetry in OCD patients using the line bisection task. Methods A total of 30 patients with OCD and 30 matched healthy controls were examined using a reliable and valid two-hand line bisection (LBS) task. The comparative profiles of LBS scores were analysed using analysis of covariance. Results Patients with OCD bisected significantly less number of lines to the left and had significant rightward deviation than controls, indicating right hemisphere dysfunction. The correlations observed in this study suggest that those with impaired laterality had more severe illness at baseline. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate abnormal cerebral lateralisation and right hemisphere dysfunction in OCD patients.

Anomaly detection in compressed H.264/AVC video

Real time anomaly detection is the need of the hour for any security applications. In this article, we have proposed a real time anomaly detection for H.264 compressed video streams utilizing pre-encoded motion vectors (MVs). The proposed work is principally motivated by the observation that MVs have distinct characteristics during anomaly than usual. Our observation shows that H.264 MV magnitude and orientation contain relevant information which can be used to model the usual behavior (UB) effectively. This is subsequently extended to detect abnormality/anomaly based on the probability of occurrence of a behavior. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated and bench-marked on UMN and Ped anomaly detection video datasets, with a detection rate of 70 frames per sec resulting in 90x and 250x speedup, along with on-par detection accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Zur Problematik gebietsfremder Arten in partiell isolierten Ökosystemen

Die Einführung gebietsfremder Arten ohne Berücksichtigung ihrer Auswirkungen auf das Nahrungsgefüge ist zurzeit deshalb ein sowohl politisches als auch wissenschaftliches Diskussionsthema, weil sie in der Vergangenheit unerwünschte Auswirkungen hatte. In Seegemeinschaften und isolierten Flusssystemen können eingeführte Arten sogar gravierende Veränderungen verursachen (Townsend 1991). Da diese negativen Auswirkungen zum Teil erst viel zu spät entdeckt worden sind und das Ausmaß allgemein unterschätzt worden ist, muss vor dem Hintergrundeiner verantwortungsvollen Nutzung betroffener Ökosysteme - beruhend auf den Grundsätzen von Nachhaltigkeit und Umweltvorsorge – die Einführung gebietsfremder Arten neu bewertet werden.

Neues Institut für Fischereitechnik und Fischqualität. Zusammenlegung der Institute für Fischereitechnik und Biochemie und Technologie

Entsprechend dem Rahmenkonzept für die Bundesforschungsanstalten im Geschäftsbereich des damaligen Bundesministeriums für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten vom 12. 6. 1996 ist an der Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei in Hamburg die Anzahl der Institute von fünf auf vier zu reduzieren. Das ab 1. 1. 2001 neu gebildete Institut für Fischereitechnik und Fischqualität (IFF) nimmt die Forschungsaufgaben der beiden bisherigen Institute für Fischereitechnik (IFH) sowie Biochemie und Technologie (IBT) wahr. Damit bietet sich für das aus zweivergleichsweise kleinen Instituten hervorgegangene IFF die Möglichkeit, in einem integrierten Ansatz Fische, Krebse und Weichtiere auf verschiedenen Stufen der Produktions- und Verarbeitungskette zu untersuchen und zu bewerten. Fangprozess und Folgebehandlung der Fangobjekte werden dadurch ganzheitlich betrachtet, was sich nicht zuletzt in Maßnahmen zur Qualitätserhaltung und -verbesserung von Fischen und Fischereierzeugnissen niederschlagen soll.

Mi primera experiencia en la metodología del caso… y algo más

Capítulo 5 del libro: Guisasola, Jenaro ; Garmendia, Mikel (eds.) "Aprendizaje basado en problemas, proyectos y casos: diseño e implementación de experiencias en la universidad" (ISBN: 978-84-9860-959-2)

Die Neustrukturierung der Übereinkommen zum Schutz der Meeresumwelt des Nordostatlantiks und der Ostsee

Das am 16. November 1994 in Kraft getretene Seerechtsübereinkommen der Vereinten Nationen (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) regelt völkerrechtlich alle Nutzungsarten der Meere. Die dort erlassenen Vorschriften beschränken sich auf allgemeine Rechtsgrundsätze, seerechtliche Kompetenzregelungen und Staatenverpflichtungen zum Erlaß internationaler und nationaler Regelungen. Das Vertragswerk bezieht den marinen Umweltschutz, einen Kernbereich globaler Umweltpolitik, ausdrücklich mit ein. Wesentlich konkreter in der Umsetzung umweltpolitischer Ziele sind die internationalen Übereinkommen zum Schutz der Meeresumwelt. Für den in Abbildung 1 gezeigten Teil des Nordostatlantiks einschließlich der Nordsee existieren derartige Übereinkommen bereits seit 1972 durch das OSLO und PARIS Übereinkommen und für die gesamte Ostsee seit 1974 durch das HELSINKI Übereinkommen. Im Lichte des heutigen Umweltverständnisses und unter Berücksichtigung des weiterentwickelten Seerechts wurden beide Übereinkommen 1992 neu gefaßt. Die politischen Veränderungen haben insbesondere im Ostseeraum auch zu geographischen Erweiterungen geführt. Die mit der Novellierung der jeweiligen Übereinkommen verbundene Neuorganisation ist weiterhin selbstverständlich von den Erfahrungen aus der zwanzigjährigen Überwachungstätigkeit und dem in dieser Zeit durch die Meeresforschung gewachsenen Wissen geprägt.