Toxemia da prenhez relacionada �� gesta����o m��ltipla patol��gica em ovelha

The pregnancy toxaemia affects pregnant females in the final third of pregnancy and, in most cases, with multiple fetuses characterizing its relationship with pathology of multiple pregnancy, because, in this situation, the energy demand of the female is very large. The pregnancy toxaemia develops from a negative energy balance and the consequent mobilization of lipids. Fatty acids produced are directed to the liver to be oxidized via acid cycle to produce energy and causing the ketosis. This paper describes the case of a sheep treated at the Veterinary Hospital of Paranaense University - UNIPAR, Campus II - Umuarama/PR with multiple pregnancy of four lambs and consequent pregnancy toxaemia.

Brazil in Africa: Another Emerging Power in the Continent?

This paper develops three basic arguments. First, it presents the basic underpinnings of Brazilian diplomacy in the past half century, concentrating on the changes adopted in the 1980s and the 1990s up to the foreign policy put forward by Lula`s government (2003-2009). It recognises that Lula`s foreign policy represents a step forward, especially where Africa is concerned. However, it does not seem to be clear whether the Brazilian economy has enough strength to sustain such a foreign policy, as is shown in the second part of the paper. This is indeed the case if comparisons are made with India, China and even South Africa, when the latter`s regional role is considered. Finally, an effort is made to summarise the recent political cooperation established between Brazil and African countries as well as to present an overview of Brazil`s trade and investment relations both with the region as a whole and with some important individual partners. Once this picture is established, we investigate whether these realmsdiplomatic/political and economictake independent tracks, or if they do interact in a coherent manner. Africa remained deep inside Brazil and Brazilians, not as something external to ourselves. But as a mythic space; neither geographical, nor historical.

Medium Light and Medium Roast Paper-Filtered Coffee Increased Antioxidant Capacity in Healthy Volunteers: Results of a Randomized Trial

We compared the effects of medium light roast (MLR) and medium roast (MR) paper-filtered coffee on antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in healthy volunteers. In a randomized crossover study, 20 volunteers consumed 482 +/- 61 ml/day of MLR or MR for four weeks. Plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), oxidized LDL and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity were measured at baseline and after the interventions. MLR had higher chlorogenic acids-(CGA; 334 mg/150 mL) and less caffeine (231 mg/150 ml) than MR had (210 and 244 mg/150 ml, respectively). MLR also had fewer Maillard reaction products (MRP) than MR had. Compared with baseline, subjects had an increase of 21 and 26 % in TAS, 13 and 13 % in CAT, 52 and 75 % in SOD, and 62 and 49 % in GPx after MLR and MR consumption (P < 0.001), respectively. ORAC increased after MLR (P = 0.004). No significant alteration in lipid peroxidation biomarkers was observed. Both coffees had antioxidant effects. Although MLR contained more CGA, there were similar antioxidant effects between the treatments. MRP may have contributed as an antioxidant. These effects may be important in protecting biological systems and reducing the risk of diseases related to oxidative stress.

Atmospheric conditions, lunar phases, and childbirth: a multivariate analysis

Our objective was to assess extrinsic influences upon childbirth. In a cohort of 1,826 days containing 17,417 childbirths among them 13,252 spontaneous labor admissions, we studied the influence of environment upon the high incidence of labor (defined by 75th percentile or higher), analyzed by logistic regression. The predictors of high labor admission included increases in outdoor temperature (odds ratio: 1.742, P = 0.045, 95%CI: 1.011 to 3.001), and decreases in atmospheric pressure (odds ratio: 1.269, P = 0.029, 95%CI: 1.055 to 1.483). In contrast, increases in tidal range were associated with a lower probability of high admission (odds ratio: 0.762, P = 0.030, 95%CI: 0.515 to 0.999). Lunar phase was not a predictor of high labor admission (P = 0.339). Using multivariate analysis, increases in temperature and decreases in atmospheric pressure predicted high labor admission, and increases of tidal range, as a measurement of the lunar gravitational force, predicted a lower probability of high admission.

Exogenous ornithine is an effective precursor and the delta-ornithine amino transferase pathway contributes to proline accumulation under high N recycling in salt-stressed cashew leaves

The role of the delta-ornithine amino transferase (OAT) pathway in proline synthesis is still controversial and was assessed in leaves of cashew plants subjected to salinity. The activities of enzymes and the concentrations of metabolites involved in proline synthesis were examined in parallel with the capacity of exogenous ornithine and glutamate to induce proline accumulation. Proline accumulation was best correlated with OAT activity, which increased 4-fold and was paralleled by NADH oxidation coupled to the activities of OAT and Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), demonstrating the potential of proline synthesis via OAT/P5C. Overall, the activities of GS. GOGAT and aminating GDH remained practically unchanged under salinity. The activity of P5CR did not respond to NaCl whereas Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase was sharply repressed by salinity. We suggest that if the export of P5C from the mitochondria to the cytosol is possible, its subsequent conversion to proline by P5CR may be important. In a time-course experiment, proline accumulation was associated with disturbances in amino acid metabolism as indicated by large increases in the concentrations of ammonia, free amino acids, glutamine, arginine and ornithine. Conversely, glutamate concentrations increased moderately and only within the first 24 h. Exogenous feeding of ornithine as a precursor was very effective in inducing proline accumulation in intact plants and leaf discs, in which proline concentrations were several times higher than glutamate-fed or salt-treated plants. Our data suggest that proline accumulation might be a consequence of salt-induced increase in N recycling, resulting in increased levels of ornithine and other metabolites involved with proline synthesis and OAT activity. Under these metabolic circumstances the OAT pathway might contribute significantly to proline accumulation in salt-stressed cashew leaves. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Assessment of MMP-9, TIMP-1, and COX-2 in normal tissue and in advanced symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques

Abstract Background Mature carotid plaques are complex structures, and their histological classification is challenging. The carotid plaques of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients could exhibit identical histological components. Objectives To investigate whether matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) have different expression levels in advanced symptomatic carotid plaques, asymptomatic carotid plaques, and normal tissue. Methods Thirty patients admitted for carotid endarterectomy were selected. Each patient was assigned preoperatively to one of two groups: group I consisted of symptomatic patients (n = 16, 12 males, mean age 66.7 �� 6.8 years), and group II consisted of asymptomatic patients (n = 14, 8 males, mean age 67.6 �� 6.81 years). Nine normal carotid arteries were used as control. Tissue specimens were analyzed for fibromuscular, lipid and calcium contents. The expressions of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and COX-2 in each plaque were quantified. Results Fifty-eight percent of all carotid plaques were classified as Type VI according to the American Heart Association Committee on Vascular Lesions. The control carotid arteries all were classified as Type III. The median percentage of fibromuscular tissue was significantly greater in group II compared to group I (p < 0.05). The median percentage of lipid tissue had a tendency to be greater in group I than in group II (p = 0.057). The percentages of calcification were similar among the two groups. MMP-9 protein expression levels were significantly higher in group II and in the control group when compared with group I (p < 0.001). TIMP-1 expression levels were significantly higher in the control group and in group II when compared to group I, with statistical difference between control group and group I (p = 0.010). COX-2 expression levels did not differ among groups. There was no statistical correlation between MMP-9, COX-2, and TIMP-1 levels and fibrous tissue. Conclusions MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are present in all stages of atherosclerotic plaque progression, from normal tissue to advanced lesions. When sections of a plaque are analyzed without preselection, MMP-9 concentration is higher in normal tissues and asymptomatic surgical specimens than in symptomatic specimens, and TIMP-1 concentration is higher in normal tissue than in symptomatic specimens.

Human hemorrhagic pulmonary leptospirosis: pathological findings and pathophysiological correlations.

Abstract Background: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis with protean clinical manifestations. Recently, the importance of pulmonary hemorrhage as a lethal complication of this disease has been recognized. In the present study, five human necropsies of leptospirosis (Weil���s syndrome) with extensive pulmonary manifestations were analysed, and the antibodies expressed in blood vessels and cells involved in ion and water transport were used, seeking to better understand the pathophysiology of the lung injury associated with this disease. Principal Findings: Prominent vascular damage was present in the lung microcirculation, with decreased CD34 and preserved aquaporin 1 expression. At the periphery and even inside the extensive areas of edema and intraalveolar hemorrhage, enlarged, apparently hypertrophic type I pneumocytes (PI) were detected and interpreted as a non-specific attempt of clearence of the intraalveolar fluid, in which ionic transport, particularly of sodium, plays a predominant role, as suggested by the apparently increased ENaC and aquaporin 5 expression. Connexin 43 was present in most pneumocytes, and in the cytoplasm of the more preserved endothelial cells. The number of type II pneumocytes (PII) was slightly decreased when compared to normal lungs and those of patients with septicemia from other causes, a fact that may contribute to the progressively low PI count, resulting in deficient restoration after damage to the alveolar epithelial integrity and, consequently, a poor outcome of the pulmonary edema and hemorrhage. Conclusions: Pathogenesis of lung injury in human leptospirosis was discussed, and the possibility of primary noninflammatory vascular damage was considered, so far of undefinite etiopathogenesis, as the initial pathological manifestation of the disease.

Os sentidos e significados atribuidos ao saber cultural no curr��culo. En: Av��, n�� 16

O presente artigo �� fruto de uma pesquisa realizada na proposta pedag��gica de Educa����o de Pessoas Jovens e Adultas de uma escola p��blica no Brasil. Investigamos os sentidos que os jovens e adultos atribuem aos conhecimentos constru��dos nas suas trajet��ria de vida e os significados que s��o produzidos na rela����o da sua cultura com os outros conhecimentos. A partir das reflex��es de autores como Silva (2003), Padilha (2004), Hall (1997, 2003) Arroyo (2001), Fonseca (2002) indicamos tr��s categorias para compreender e debater as rela����es significado/cultura/conhecimento: os sentidos e as significa����es atribu��das pela EPJA ao saber cultural trazido pelos/pelas educandos/as; os modos de disposi����o e as rela����es que se constituem a partir dos saberes culturais na proposta pedag��gica e suas interfer��ncias nas configura����es das subjetividades; a participa����o dos/das educandos/as na proposta como possibilidade sentirem-se sujeitos de cultura.

O processo de elabora����o do plano de preserva����o do conjunto urban��stico de Bras��lia: uma representa����o conceitual da pol��tica de preserva����o urbana no DF

This research aims to provide a reflection on the preservation practices of Brasilia as Cultural Heritage in four analytical/political dimensions: conceptual, urban, political-institutional and legal. In order to do that, the preparation process for the Plan for the Preservation of Brasilia Urban Set (PPCUB) was taken as research object. This preservation plan is representative of the context which determines the relation between goals and preservation practices in the social production process of urban space. Designed by Lucio Costa in 1957, Brasilia received the Cultural Heritage title 27 years later, in 1987. It was recognized a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural (UNESCO) in the same year as it "represents a unique artistic piece of work, a masterpiece of creative genius"; and "an outstanding example of a type of construction or architectural compound that illustrates a significant stage in history" (SILVA, 2003). Brasilia���s urban conception, also recognised in the district and federal levels, gives prominence to the 'urban scales' ��� monumental, residential, gregarious and bucolic ��� as the main aspects to be preserved. Despite being an undoubted representative, Brasilia seemingly displays a contradiction. On the one hand, the essential value of the city���s urban design is acknowledged as cultural heritage at international, national and district levels. On the other hand, numerous ways of urban interventions disregard the principles of that conception. In 2012, the international Monitoring Report raised some issues which highlight the following main needs: primary need for clear definition of the urban scales��� characteristics and boundaries; definition of a legal framework that conciliates national and district laws of occupation and use of land; creation of inter-sectors executive authority with both decision-making and financial autonomy; and promotion of heritage educational programs. This report also proposes "to cancel the current process of approval conducted by PPCUB and establish a formal consultation process through a committee made up by GDF and IPHAN, which will enable the active participation of University of Brasilia, the Architects Association, ICOMOS and local organizations" (SEDHAB, 2010). Already in its drafting process, the international recommendations evidence that preserving Brasilia���s urban design conception is not among the goals to be achieved. Thus, this research highlights that the intentional nature of PPCUB���s plans does little towards realizing the current proposals.

Synchronised firing patterns in a random network of adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire

Acknowledgements This study was possible by partial financial support from the following Brazilian government agencies: CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP (2011/19296-1 and 2015/07311-7). We also wish thank Newton Fund and COFAP.

Relaciones de poder y memoria de un linaje. La intervenci��n de la Casa de Moscoso en la Compostela de los siglos XIV-XVI

La ciudad ofrec��a en la Baja Edad Media claras oportunidades para aquellos nobles que supieran situarse en el complejo juego de la pol��tica urbana y sus diversas instancias de poder. Para ello siempre se hace necesario contar con los apoyos sociales y f��sicos adecuados. La din��mica de enfrentamientos entre el Arzobispo de Santiago y el concello compostelano presenta un ejemplo inmejorable para valorar en su justa medida la inserci��n de la nobleza territorial en las relaciones de poder. Para abordar este caso se analizar�� la participaci��n en la vida p��blica ���tambi��n las revueltas urbanas��� de la Casa de Moscoso tanto a trav��s de su larga trayectoria de enfrentamientos con la Iglesia como mediante el estudio de su patrimonio urbano, incluyendo aquellos elementos relacionados con la creaci��n de una memoria espec��fica del linaje dentro de la ciudad.

CONTEXTUALIZING THE POLITICS OF ���BRAZILIAN��� SPORT MEGA EVENTS

The first two decades of 21st century were times of great social, economic and political changes in Brazil where sport mega events (FIFA WC 2014, Rio 2016) played a key role in how the nation portrayed and promoted itself in a global scale. Despite the undeniable importance of Presidents Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff in attempt to present the country as global protagonist with more political power and social advancements, this works is intended to discuss and extended the discussion upon mega events as different ways of repeating old traditions and practices, (radically) contextualizing the role of other players and agents (sport officials, local politicians, sponsors and local media), their biases and interests, in accordance to traditional colonial processes and the dominant neo-liberal paradigm.

COMPOSI����O FLOR��STICO-ESTRUTURAL AO LONGO DE UM GRADIENTE DE BORDA EM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBR��FILA MISTA ALTO-MONTANA EM SANTA CATARINA

O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar a composi����o flor��stica e a estrutura do componente arb��reo em fragmento de Floresta Ombr��fila Mista Alto-Montana e avaliar a influ��ncia do efeito de borda sobre a organiza����o, estrutura, riqueza e diversidade de esp��cies. Foram alocadas 50 parcelas permanentes de 10 x 20 m, divididas em cinco transe����es distanciadas, no m��nimo, 100 m entre si, em um fragmento florestal, no munic��pio de Bom Jardim da Serra - SC. As ��rvores com circunfer��ncia ��� 15,7 cm na altura do peito (CAP) foram mensuradas (CAP e altura total), identificadas e classificadas quanto ��s guildas de regenera����o (pioneiras, clim��cicas exigentes em luz e clim��cicas tolerantes �� sombra). Os dados foram analisados por meio dos ��ndices de valor de import��ncia (IVI), NMDS (Nonmetric Multidimensional Scaling), modelo aditivo generalizado e regress��es lineares simples. Foram observados 1.457 indiv��duos arb��reos, distribu��dos em 29 fam��lias, 43 g��neros e 55 esp��cies. A esp��cie com maior valor de import��ncia foi Dicksonia sellowiana Hook. N��o foi observada influ��ncia do efeito de borda sobre a organiza����o, a estrutura (di��metro m��dio, altura m��dia e densidade) da comunidade e participa����o relativa das guildas de regenera����o. No entanto, ficaram evidenciados maiores valores de diversidade, riqueza e equabilidade nas ��reas de borda. Desta forma, conclu��-se que parte das varia����es dos valores relativos �� diversidade de esp��cies arb��reas na Floresta Ombr��fila Mista Ato-Montana foi determinada pela dist��ncia da borda.

Genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) detection in Nelore cattle reveals highly frequent variants in genome regions harboring QTLs affecting production traits.

Background: Copy number variations (CNVs) have been shown to account for substantial portions of observed genomic variation and have been associated with qualitative and quantitative traits and the onset of disease in a number of species. Information from high-resolution studies to detect, characterize and estimate population-specific variant frequencies will facilitate the incorporation of CNVs in genomic studies to identify genes affecting traits of importance. Results: Genome-wide CNVs were detected in high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data from 1,717 Nelore (Bos indicus) cattle, and in NGS data from eight key ancestral bulls. A total of 68,007 and 12,786 distinct CNVs were observed, respectively. Cross-comparisons of results obtained for the eight resequenced animals revealed that 92 % of the CNVs were observed in both datasets, while 62 % of all detected CNVs were observed to overlap with previously validated cattle copy number variant regions (CNVRs). Observed CNVs were used for obtaining breed-specific CNV frequencies and identification of CNVRs, which were subsequently used for gene annotation. A total of 688 of the detected CNVRs were observed to overlap with 286 non-redundant QTLs associated with important production traits in cattle. All of 34 CNVs previously reported to be associated with milk production traits in Holsteins were also observed in Nelore cattle. Comparisons of estimated frequencies of these CNVs in the two breeds revealed 14, 13, 6 and 14 regions in high (>20 %), low (<20 %) and divergent (NEL > HOL, NEL < HOL) frequencies, respectively. Conclusions: Obtained results significantly enriched the bovine CNV map and enabled the identification of variants that are potentially associated with traits under selection in Nelore cattle, particularly in genome regions harboring QTLs affecting production traits.