982 resultados para Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method
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Ultracold gases provide an ideal platform for quantum simulations of many-body systems. Here we are interested in a particular system which has been the focus of most experimental and theoretical works on ultracold fermionic gases: the unitary Fermi gas. In this work we study with Quantum Monte Carlo simulations a two-component gas of fermionic atoms at zero temperature in the unitary regime. Specifically, we are interested in studying how the effective masses for the quasi-particles of the two components of the Fermi liquid evolve as the polarization is progressively reduced from full to lower values. A recent theoretical work, based on alternative diagrammatic methods, has indeed suggested that such effective masses should diverge at a critical polarization. To independently verify such predictions, we perform Variational Monte Carlo (VMC) calculations of the energy based on Jastrow-Slater wavefunctions after adding or subtracting a particle with a given momentum to a full Fermi sphere. In this way, we determine the quasi-particle dispersions, from which we extract the effective masses for different polarizations. The resulting effective masses turn out to be quite close to the non-interacting values, even though some evidence of an increase for the effective mass of the minority component appears close to the predicted value for the critical polarization. Preliminary results obtained for the majority component with the Fixed-node Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method seem to indicate that DMC could lead to an increase of the effective masses in comparison with the VMC results. Finally, we point out further improvements of the trial wave-function and boundary conditions that would be necessary in future simulations to draw definite conclusions on the effective masses of the polarized unitary Fermi gas.
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The n→π* absorption transition of formaldehyde in water is analyzed using combined and sequential classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulations and quantum mechanics (QM) calculations. MC simulations generate the liquid solute-solvent structures for subsequent QM calculations. Using time-dependent density functional theory in a localized set of gaussian basis functions (TD-DFT/6-311++G(d,p)) calculations are made on statistically relevant configurations to obtain the average solvatochromic shift. All results presented here use the electrostatic embedding of the solvent. The statistically converged average result obtained of 2300 cm-1 is compared to previous theoretical results available. Analysis is made of the effective dipole moment of the hydrogen-bonded shell and how it could be held responsible for the polarization of the solvent molecules in the outer solvation shells.
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Stavskaya's model is a one-dimensional probabilistic cellular automaton (PCA) introduced in the end of the 1960s as an example of a model displaying a nonequilibrium phase transition. Although its absorbing state phase transition is well understood nowadays, the model never received a full numerical treatment to investigate its critical behavior. In this Brief Report we characterize the critical behavior of Stavskaya's PCA by means of Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis. The critical exponents of the model are calculated and indicate that its phase transition belongs to the directed percolation universality class of critical behavior, as would be expected on the basis of the directed percolation conjecture. We also explicitly establish the relationship of the model with the Domany-Kinzel PCA on its directed site percolation line, a connection that seems to have gone unnoticed in the literature so far.
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The small sample performance of Granger causality tests under different model dimensions, degree of cointegration, direction of causality, and system stability are presented. Two tests based on maximum likelihood estimation of error-correction models (LR and WALD) are compared to a Wald test based on multivariate least squares estimation of a modified VAR (MWALD). In large samples all test statistics perform well in terms of size and power. For smaller samples, the LR and WALD tests perform better than the MWALD test. Overall, the LR test outperforms the other two in terms of size and power in small samples.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Finanças Empresariais
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
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Tese Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Biomédica
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Biomédica
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A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida com colaboração do Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear e do Hospital de São José
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This work studies the combination of safe and probabilistic reasoning through the hybridization of Monte Carlo integration techniques with continuous constraint programming. In continuous constraint programming there are variables ranging over continuous domains (represented as intervals) together with constraints over them (relations between variables) and the goal is to find values for those variables that satisfy all the constraints (consistent scenarios). Constraint programming “branch-and-prune” algorithms produce safe enclosures of all consistent scenarios. Special proposed algorithms for probabilistic constraint reasoning compute the probability of sets of consistent scenarios which imply the calculation of an integral over these sets (quadrature). In this work we propose to extend the “branch-and-prune” algorithms with Monte Carlo integration techniques to compute such probabilities. This approach can be useful in robotics for localization problems. Traditional approaches are based on probabilistic techniques that search the most likely scenario, which may not satisfy the model constraints. We show how to apply our approach in order to cope with this problem and provide functionality in real time.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil
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FUNDAMENTO: Pela redução da especificidade associada à perda de informação, a influência da atenuação das mamas é de fundamental importância em estudos de perfusão do miocárdio. Entretanto, apesar de vários estudos terem sido realizados ao longo dos últimos anos, pouco se tem evoluído para determinar com acurácia a influência das características das mamas sobre a qualidade da cintilografia miocárdica, evitando exposições adicionais de radiação às pacientes. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo é quantificar a atenuação de fótons pelas mamas, em estudos de perfusão do miocárdio com 99mTc, de acordo com diferentes tamanhos e composições. MÉTODOS: Cada mama foi assumida como sendo um cubo composto de tecido adiposo e fibroglandular. Os dados referentes aos fótons de 99mTc foram analisados em um modelo de Monte Carlo. Variamos a espessura e a composição das mamas e analisamos as interferências na atenuação. Foi empregado o software EGS 4 para as simulações. RESULTADOS: Fixando a espessura de uma mama, a variação da sua composição acarreta um acréscimo máximo de 2,3% no número de fótons atenuados. Em contrapartida, mantendo-se uma composição do tecido mamário fixa, a diferença na atenuação de fótons foi de 45,0%, sendo em média de 6,0% para cada acréscimo de centímetro na espessura da mama. CONCLUSÃO: A simulação por Monte Carlo demonstrou que a influência das espessuras das mamas na atenuação de fótons em cintilografias do miocárdio com 99mTc é muito maior do que a influência das suas composições.