Hypertension and cognitive decline among patients of Alzheimer's disease

Objective. The main aim of our study is to assess the effect of hypertension on the decline in cognitive impairment among Alzheimer’s patients. Methods. We analyzed the data of AD patients enrolled in Baylor ADMDC in a prospective study design. We divided AD patients into two groups based on the definition of hypertension. We described a decline in cognitive impairment as a change of 5 points in mini-mental state examination score (MMSE) from the baseline visit. Results. Independent of covariates, AD patients with hypertension did not exhibit a significant decline in cognitive impairment after adjustment of covariates, age, race and education (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.07, p value 0.58, 95% confidence interval 0.84-1.39) than AD patients without hypertension. In addition, AD patients with hypertension did not experience decline in cognitive impairment sooner than AD patients without hypertension. (P value 0.83). Conclusions . Hypertension is not associated with cognitive impairment over time among patients with Alzheimer’s disease enrolled in Baylor ADMDC after other potential confounders were taken into account. These findings should not be interpreted as a basis for discouraging appropriate medical treatment of hypertension in AD patients. Greater efforts should be made to improve the recognition of hypertension as a modifiable risk factor for decline in cognitive impairment in AD population. ^

Tecnología cerámica : estudios experimentales sobre la cerámica del sitio arqueológico San Ignacio (Noroeste de Mendoza)

El propósito de este trabajo es explorar la disponibilidad de materias primas que pudieron ser utilizadas en el proceso de manufactura de la cerámica gris del sitio arqueológico San Ignacio, en el Valle de Potrerillos, ubicado al Norte de la provincia de Mendoza (640 dC). Se pretende, además, reproducir las técnicas de producción y cocción cerámica, a fin de obtener un producto de características análogas a las de la colección estudiada. La metodología utilizada presentó las siguientes etapas: recolección de materiales arcillosos; caracterización de las propiedades físicas en estado crudo; análisis químicos; desarrollo experimental de cocción y ensayos post-cocción de los mismos. Los productos obtenidos muestran una buena estructura y sinterización, aunque no se logró una atmósfera completamente reductora con este tipo de combustible.

Radiocarbon dates and dinoflagellate cysts of sediment core DP30PC

To obtain insight into character and potential forcing of short-term climatic and oceanographic variability in the southern Italian region during the "Roman Classical Period" (60 BC-AD 200), climatic and environmental reconstructions based on a dinoflagelate cyst record from a well dated site in the Gulf of Taranto located at the distal end of the Po-river discharge plume have been established with high temporal resolution. Short-term fluctuations in accumulation rates of the Adriatic Surface Water species Lingulodinium machaerophorum, the freshwater algae Concentricystes and species resistant to aerobic degradation indicate that fluctuations in the trophic state of the upper waters are related to river discharge of northern and eastern Italian rivers which in turn are strongly related to precipitation in Italy. The dinoflagellate cyst association indicates that local sea surface temperatures which in this region are strongly linked to local air temperatures were slightly higher than today. We reconstruct that sea surface temperatures have been relatively high and stable between 60 BC-AD 90 and show a decreasing trend after AD 90. Fluctuations in temperature and river discharge rates have a strong cyclic character with main cyclicities of 7-8 and 11 years. We argue that these cycles are related to variations of the North Atlantic Oscillation climate mode. A strong correlation is observed with global variation in Delta14C anomalies suggesting that solar variability might be one of the major forcings of the regional climate. Apart from cyclic climate variability we observed a good correlation between non-cyclic temperature drops and global volcanic activity indicating that the latter forms an additional major forcing factor of the southern Italian climate during the Roman Classical Period.

Triennial skeletal stable oxygen isotope ratios of Diploria labyrinthiformis

The reconstruction of the climatic history during the past several hundred years requires a sufficient geographical coverage of combined climate proxy series. Especially in order to identify causal connections between the atmosphere and the ocean, inclusion of marine records into composite climate time series is of fundamental importance. We present two skeletal delta18O chronologies of coral skeletons of Diploria labyrinthiformis from Bermuda fore-reef sites covering periods in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and compare them with instrumental temperature data. Both time series are demonstrated to display sea-surface temperature (SST) variability on inter-annual to decadal time scales. On the basis of a specific modern delta18O vs instrumental SST calibration we reconstruct a time series of SST anomalies between AD 1350 and 1630 covering periods during the Little Ice Age. The application of the coral delta18O vs temperature relationship leads to estimates of past SST variability which are comparable to the magnitude of modern variations. Parallel to delta18O chronologies we present time series of skeletal bulk density. Coral delta18O and skeletal density reveal a strong similarity during Little Ice Age, confirming the reliability of both proxy climate indicators. The past coral records, presented in this study, share features with a previously published climate proxy record from Bermuda and a composite time series of reconstructed Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures. The coral proxy data presented here represent a valuable contribution to elucidate northern Atlantic subtropical climate variation during the past several centuries.

VISIONS Vehicular communication Improvement : solution based on IMS Operational Nodes and Services

Digital services and communications in vehicular scenarios provide the essential assets to improve road transport in several ways like reducing accidents, improving traffic efficiency and optimizing the transport of goods and people. Vehicular communications typically rely on VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks). In these networks vehicles communicate with each other without the need of infrastructure. VANET are mainly oriented to disseminate information to the vehicles in certain geographic area for time critical services like safety warnings but present very challenging requirements that have not been successfully fulfilled nowadays. Some of these challenges are; channel saturation due to simultaneous radio access of many vehicles, routing protocols in topologies that vary rapidly, minimum quality of service assurance and security mechanisms to efficiently detect and neutralize malicious attacks. Vehicular services can be classified in four important groups: Safety, Efficiency, Sustainability and Infotainment. The benefits of these services for the transport sector are clear but many technological and business challenges need to be faced before a real mass market deployment. Service delivery platforms are not prepared for fulfilling the needs of this complex environment with restrictive requirements due to the criticism of some services To overcome this situation, we propose a solution called VISIONS “Vehicular communication Improvement: Solution based on IMS Operational Nodes and Services”. VISIONS leverages on IMS subsystem and NGN enablers, and follows the CALM reference Architecture standardized by ISO. It also avoids the use of Road Side Units (RSUs), reducing complexity and high costs in terms of deployment and maintenance. We demonstrate the benefits in the following areas: 1. VANET networks efficiency. VISIONS provide a mechanism for the vehicles to access valuable information from IMS and its capabilities through a cellular channel. This efficiency improvement will occur in two relevant areas: a. Routing mechanisms. These protocols are responsible of carrying information from a vehicle to another (or a group of vehicles) using multihop mechanisms. We do not propose a new algorithm but the use of VANET topology information provided through our solution to enrich the performance of these protocols. b. Security. Many aspects of security (privacy, key, authentication, access control, revocation mechanisms, etc) are not resolved in vehicular communications. Our solution efficiently disseminates revocation information to neutralize malicious nodes in the VANET. 2. Service delivery platform. It is based on extended enablers, reference architectures, standard protocols and open APIs. By following this approach, we reduce costs and resources for service development, deployment and maintenance. To quantify these benefits in VANET networks, we provide an analytical model of the system and simulate our solution in realistic scenarios. The simulations results demonstrate how VISIONS improves the performance of relevant routing protocols and is more efficient neutralizing security attacks than the widely proposed solutions based on RSUs. Finally, we design an innovative Social Network service based in our platform, explaining how VISIONS facilitate the deployment and usage of complex capabilities. RESUMEN Los servicios digitales y comunicaciones en entornos vehiculares proporcionan herramientas esenciales para mejorar el transporte por carretera; reduciendo el número de accidentes, mejorando la eficiencia del tráfico y optimizando el transporte de mercancías y personas. Las comunicaciones vehiculares generalmente están basadas en redes VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks). En dichas redes, los vehículos se comunican entre sí sin necesidad de infraestructura. Las redes VANET están principalmente orientadas a difundir información (por ejemplo advertencias de seguridad) a los vehículos en determinadas zonas geográficas, pero presentan unos requisitos muy exigentes que no se han resuelto con éxito hasta la fecha. Algunos de estos retos son; saturación del canal de acceso de radio debido al acceso simultáneo de múltiples vehículos, la eficiencia de protocolos de encaminamiento en topologías que varían rápidamente, la calidad de servicio (QoS) y los mecanismos de seguridad para detectar y neutralizar los ataques maliciosos de manera eficiente. Los servicios vehiculares pueden clasificarse en cuatro grupos: Seguridad, Eficiencia del tráfico, Sostenibilidad, e Infotainment (información y entretenimiento). Los beneficios de estos servicios para el sector son claros, pero es necesario resolver muchos desafíos tecnológicos y de negocio antes de una implementación real. Las actuales plataformas de despliegue de servicios no están preparadas para satisfacer las necesidades de este complejo entorno con requisitos muy restrictivos debido a la criticidad de algunas aplicaciones. Con el objetivo de mejorar esta situación, proponemos una solución llamada VISIONS “Vehicular communication Improvement: Solution based on IMS Operational Nodes and Services”. VISIONS se basa en el subsistema IMS, las capacidades NGN y es compatible con la arquitectura de referencia CALM estandarizado por ISO para sistemas de transporte. También evita el uso de elementos en las carreteras, conocidos como Road Side Units (RSU), reduciendo la complejidad y los altos costes de despliegue y mantenimiento. A lo largo de la tesis, demostramos los beneficios en las siguientes áreas: 1. Eficiencia en redes VANET. VISIONS proporciona un mecanismo para que los vehículos accedan a información valiosa proporcionada por IMS y sus capacidades a través de un canal de celular. Dicho mecanismo contribuye a la mejora de dos áreas importantes: a. Mecanismos de encaminamiento. Estos protocolos son responsables de llevar información de un vehículo a otro (o a un grupo de vehículos) utilizando múltiples saltos. No proponemos un nuevo algoritmo de encaminamiento, sino el uso de información topológica de la red VANET a través de nuestra solución para enriquecer el funcionamiento de los protocolos más relevantes. b. Seguridad. Muchos aspectos de la seguridad (privacidad, gestión de claves, autenticación, control de acceso, mecanismos de revocación, etc) no están resueltos en las comunicaciones vehiculares. Nuestra solución difunde de manera eficiente la información de revocación para neutralizar los nodos maliciosos en la red. 2. Plataforma de despliegue de servicios. Está basada en capacidades NGN, arquitecturas de referencia, protocolos estándar y APIs abiertos. Siguiendo este enfoque, reducimos costes y optimizamos procesos para el desarrollo, despliegue y mantenimiento de servicios vehiculares. Para cuantificar estos beneficios en las redes VANET, ofrecemos un modelo de analítico del sistema y simulamos nuestra solución en escenarios realistas. Los resultados de las simulaciones muestran cómo VISIONS mejora el rendimiento de los protocolos de encaminamiento relevantes y neutraliza los ataques a la seguridad de forma más eficientes que las soluciones basadas en RSU. Por último, diseñamos un innovador servicio de red social basado en nuestra plataforma, explicando cómo VISIONS facilita el despliegue y el uso de las capacidades NGN.

Sacra Themidis Hispanae arcana, jurium legumque ortus, progressus, varietates & observantiam : cum praecipuis glossarum, commentariorumque quibus illustrantum, auctoribus et fori hispani praxi hodierna

Contiene: "Gregorii Majansii Dissertatio qua Sacra Themidis Hispanae Arcana" et "Bibliotheca Hispana historico-genealogico-heraldica" vero suo auctori Jo. Lucae Cortesio ... ; Gregorii Majansii J. U. C. "Epistola" ad ... Josephum Berni ... In qua plurisima ad historiam juris Hispani spectantia erudite admodum pertractantur e sermone Hispano in Latinum versa a Franc. Cerdano et Rico

Diseño de una arquitectura escalable y de alta disponibilidad para un sistema middleware

El objetivo de este proyecto es el estudio de soluciones de escalabilidad y alta disponibilidad en sistemas distribuidos, así como su implantación en aquel de los sistemas analizados por Telefónica Digital, PopBox y Rush, que se consideré más adecuado. Actualmente, muchos servicios y aplicaciones están alojados directamente en laWeb, permitiendo abaratar el uso de ciertos servicios y mejorando la productividad y la competitividad de las empresas que los usan. Este crecimiento de las tecnologías en cloud experimentado en los últimos años plantea la necesidad de realizar sistemas que sean escalables, fiables y estén disponibles la mayor parte del tiempo posible. Un fallo en el servicio no afecta a una sola empresa, sino a todas las que están haciendo uso de dicho servicio. A lo largo de este proyecto se estudiarán las soluciones de alta disponibilidad y escalabilidad implementadas en varios sistemas distribuidos y se realizará una evaluación crítica de cada una de ellas. También se analizará la idoneidad de estas soluciones para los sistemas en los que posteriormente se aplicarán: PopBox y Rush. Se han diseñado diferentes soluciones para las plataformas implicadas, siguiendo varias aproximaciones y realizando un análisis exhaustivo de cada una de ellas, teniendo en cuenta el rendimiento y fiabilidad de cada aproximación. Una vez se ha determinado cuál es la estrategia más adecuada, se ha realizado una implementación fiable del sistema. Para cada uno de los módulos implementados se ha llevado a cabo una fase de testing unitario y de integración para asegurar el buen comportamiento del sistema y la integridad de éste cuando se realicen cambios. Específicamente, los objetivos que se alcanzarán son los siguientes: 1. Análisis exhaustivo de los sistemas de escalabilidad y alta escalabilidad que existen actualmente. 2. Diseño de una solución general HA1 y escalable teniendo en cuenta el objetivo anterior. 3. Análisis de la idoneidad de los sistemas PopBox y Rush para el diseño de un entorno distribuido escalable. 4. Diseño e implantación de una solución ad-hoc en el sistema elegido. ---ABSTRACT---The aim of this project is the study of solutions in scalability and high availability in distributed systems, and also its implementation in one of the systems developed y Telefónica I+D, PopBox and Rush, deemed more suitable. Nowadays, a lot of services and applications are stored directly in the Web, allowing companies to reduce the costs of using certain services and improving the productivity and competitiveness of those who use these services. This increase of the use of cloud tecnologies experimented in the last few years has led to the need of developing high available, scalable, and reliable systems. A failure in the service does not affect a single company but all the companies using this service. Throughout this project, I will study several solutions in High Availability and Scalability developed in some distributed systems and I will make a critic analysis of each one. Also I will analize the suitability of these solutions in the systems in which they will be applied: PopBox and Rush. I have designed different solutions for the platforms involved, following several approaches and making an exhaustive analysis of each one, taking into account their performance and reliability of each approach. Once I had determined which is the best strategy, I have developed a reliable implementation of the system. For each module implemented, I have carried out a set of unitary and integration tests to ensure the good behaviour of the system and the integrity of it when it changes. Specifically, the objectives to be achieved are as follows: 1. Exhaustive analysis of the systems in scalability and high availability that currently exist. 2. Design of a general solution taking into account the previous point. 3. Analysis of the suitability of the sistems PopBox and Rush for the design of a scalable distributed system. 4. Design and implementation of an ad-hoc solution in the chosen system.

A mouse model for adenovirus gene delivery

The cellular attachment receptor for adenovirus (Ad), Coxsackie adenovirus receptor (CAR), required for delivery of Ad into primary cells, is not present on all cell types, thus restricting Ad-gene delivery systems. To circumvent this constrain, a transgenic mouse has been generated that expresses a truncated human CAR in all tissues analyzed. These mice allowed efficient in vitro infections at low multiplicities into lymphoid, myeloid, and endothelial cells. Furthermore, in vivo administration of Ad-vectors results in infection of macrophages, lymphocytes, and endothelial cells. In addition, tail vein injection resulted in targeting of virus into previously inaccessible areas, such as the lung and the capillaries of the brain. The CAR transgenic mice will be useful for rapid functional genomic analysis in vivo, for testing the efficacy of gene therapy procedures or as a source of easily transducible cells.

Efficient generation of recombinant adenoviruses using adenovirus DNA-terminal protein complex and a cosmid bearing the full-length virus genome.

An efficient method of constructing recombinant adenoviruses (Ads) has been established. The expression unit to be introduced into recombinant Ad was first inserted into the unique Swa I site of the full-length Ad genome cloned in a cassette cosmid. The cassette bearing the expression unit was then cotransfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells together with the Ad DNA-terminal protein complex digested at several sites with Eco T22I or Ase I/EcoRI. The use of the parent Ad DNA-terminal protein complex instead of the deproteinized Ad genome DNA allowed very efficient recovery of the desired recombinant Ad, and the above restriction digestion drastically reduced regeneration of the parent virus. Several hundred virus clones were readily obtained in each experiment, and about 70% of the clones were the desired recombinant viruses. Furthermore, because the cassette contained the full-length Ad genome, any position of the genome could be easily modified to develop a new vector design. We established construction systems for two types of Ad vectors, the E1-substitution type and the E4-insertion type. This method may greatly facilitate the application of recombinant Ads and should be useful for further improvement of Ad vectors.

NACP, the precursor protein of the non-amyloid beta/A4 protein (A beta) component of Alzheimer disease amyloid, binds A beta and stimulates A beta aggregation.

NACP, a 140-amino acid presynaptic protein, is the precursor of NAC [the non-amyloid beta/A4 protein (A beta) component of Alzheimer disease (AD) amyloid], a peptide isolated from and immunologically localized to brain amyloid of patients afflicted with AD. NACP produced in Escherichia coli bound to A beta peptides, the major component of AD amyloid. NACP bound to A beta 1-38 and A beta 25-35 immobilized on nitrocellulose but did not bind to A beta 1-28 on the filter under the same conditions. NACP binding to A beta 1-38 was abolished by addition of A beta 25-35 but not by A beta 1-28, suggesting that the hydrophobic region of the A beta peptide is critical to this binding. NACP-112, a shorter splice variant of NACP containing the NAC sequence, bound to A beta, but NACP delta, a deletion mutant of NACP lacking the NAC domain, did not bind A beta 1-38. Furthermore, binding between NACP-112 and A beta 1-38 was decreased by addition of peptide Y, a peptide that covers the last 15 residues of NAC. In an aqueous solution, A beta 1-38 aggregation was observed when NACP was also present in an incubation mixture at a ratio of 1:125 (NACP/A beta), whereas A beta 1-38 alone or NACP alone did not aggregate under the same conditions, suggesting that the formation of a complex between A beta and NACP may promote aggregation of A beta. Thus, NACP can bind A beta peptides through the specific sequence and can promote A beta aggregation, raising the possibility that NACP may play a role in the development of AD amyloid.

Kaside icazeti : manuscript, 1882 or 3

An ijāzah issued by Aḥmad Ḍiyāʼ al-Dīn ibn al-Ḥājj ʻAbd al-Raḥmān-zādah Muṣṭafá to ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Maḥmūd al-Rifqī (?) for Qaṣīdat al-Burdah of al-Būṣīrī. Includes a Turkish section which explains how the Qaṣīdah should be read and for what purposes.

Hādhihi Risālat Jāmiʻat al-funūn fī afḍalīyat Qāsiyūn / li-jāmiʻihā al-faqīr Muḥammad al-Shaṭṭī ibn al-Shaykh Ḥasan al-Shaṭṭī : manuscript, 1859

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم الحمد لله الذي اختار لنبيه المصطفى دمشق الشام وجعلها عزا ومحشرا ومنعة وذكرا كما... :Incipit

Sviluppo di un'applicazione di sincronizzazione file per reti challenged

Questa tesi si pone l'obiettivo di implementare in ambiente Linux un'applicazione di sincronizzazione, chiamata DTNbox, che permetta lo scambio di file tra due nodi di una rete classificabile come Delay-/Disruption-Tolerant Network (DTN), ossia una rete in cui a causa di ritardi, interruzioni, partizionamento, non sia possibile utilizzare l'usuale architettura di rete TCP/IP. E' evidente che i problemi menzionati rendono estremamente più complessa la sincronizzazione fra cartelle rispetto ad Internet, da cui le peculiarità di DTNbox rispetto ad altre applicazioni in rete visto che, ad esempio, non è possibile la sincronizzazione tramite un nodo centrale, come in Dropbox e similari, ma occorre basarsi su comunicazioni peer-to-peer. L'oggetto della mia tesi si è quindi sviluppato principalmente su tre direzioni: • Implementare, utilizzando il linguaggio di programmazione C, le funzionalità previste dal nuovo progetto per Linux • Integrarne e modificarne le parti ritenute carenti, man mano che i test parziali ne hanno mostrato la necessità • Testarne il suo corretto funzionamento Si è deciso pertanto di dare precedenza alla scrittura delle parti fondamentali del programma quali i moduli di controllo, la struttura e gestione del database e lo scambio di messaggi tra due nodi appartenenti ad una rete DTN per poter arrivare ad una prima versione funzionante del programma stesso, in modo che eventuali future tesi possano concentrarsi sullo sviluppo di una interfaccia grafica e sull'aggiunta di nuovi comandi e funzionalità accessorie. Il programma realizzato è stato poi testato su macchine virtuali grazie all'uso dello strumento Virtualbricks.